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Askaridioze, invasive disease of chickens, turkeys, pigeons, called roundworm - roundworms family askaridiid. In chickens reduced egg production. Ascariasis, invasive human disease and pigs caused by Ascaris. Symptoms: mainly digestive disorders, exhaustion. Roundworm, hookworms class family of worms, parasites in the intestines of humans and vertebrates. The most common pig Ascaris and Ascaris lumbricoides (25-40 cm length of females, males - 15-25 cm), causing ascariasis. Asquith (Asquith) Herbert Henry, Earl of Oxford and Asquith (1852-1928), the British Prime Minister in 1908-16, leader of the Liberal Party. In 1892-95 the Minister of Interior. Asquith government contributed to the outbreak of the 1st World War, suppressed the Irish Rebellion of 1916. Asceticism (from the Greek. Asketes - to practice something), restriction or suppression of sensual desires, voluntary transfer of physical pain, loneliness, and so on. N., The inherent philosophical practice schools (eg., the Cynics), and especially the various religions (monasticism, and so on. n.). The purpose of asceticism can be freedom from needs, concentration of mind, preparing for an ecstatic state, the achievement of "supernatural powers" (yoga), in Christianity - complicity in the "suffering" of Christ. Uncommon motive of asceticism - the rejection of the use privileges in terms of social inequality (Tolstoyans et al.). ASKITREYA Seleucia (Persian) (d. 344), the Christian martyr who died in Seleucia in persecution of Shapur II; Fushiki daughter. Memory in the Orthodox Church 17 (30) of April. Asclepiades (128-56 BC. E.), Roman physician, originally Greek, founder of methodological schools, the medical system based on the atomism of Epicurus. Recommended a simple, consistent with the nature of the treatment ("cure reliably, quickly and pleasantly"). It is believed that Asclepiades introduced into medicine tracheotomy. ASKLIADA (Asklipiodota) Markianopolskaya (Moesian) (d. 305 or 311), the Christian martyr damaged in persecution of emperor Maximian Galerius. Memory in the Orthodox Church 15 (28) of September. ASKOL'D (? -882), An ancient Russian prince. According to legend, right along with Deere in Kiev, besieging Constantinople; Prince Oleg killed. Askold (pres. Sergey Alekseev name) (1871-1945), Russian religious philosopher, son of A. Kozlov. Participated in the collection "Problems of Idealism" (1902), "Out of the depths" (1918). At the beginning of the 1920s. organized in Leningrad secret religious-philosophical society - Brotherhood of St. Seraphim of Sarov, all of whose members were arrested in 1928; Askol'dov himself after Solovki camp was in exile in Novgorod. During the German occupation he went to Germany, died in Potsdam. Askold's Grave, part of the park on the right bank of the Dnieper in Kiev, where, according to legend, buried Prince Askold. Ascomycetes, same as marsupials fungi. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), a water soluble vitamin. Synthesized by plants (galactose) and animals (glucose), except primates and other animals that ascorbic acid is obtained from food. Affect the various functions of the body, increases resistance to adverse effects, promotes regeneration. Most are rich in ascorbic acid, rose hips, red pepper, citrus, black currant, onions, leafy vegetables. Lack of ascorbic acid in the human diet causes scurvy (scurvy), lower resistance to disease. ASKOHITOZY, plant diseases caused by fungi. Dangerous askohitozy flax, legumes, fruits and berries. Spots on the plants of different colors, leaves and shoots wither, stems break (beans), fray (flax). Askochensky Alexander (1898-1973), the Russian hydraulic engineer, academician of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1956) and the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. (1943), Hero of Socialist Labor (1968). Works on the hydraulic engineering construction and irrigation. Participated in the design and construction of the Karakum Canal. Lenin Prize (1965). Askochensky Ipatevich Victor (1813-79), Russian writer, journalist. In verses (the collection "Fables and echoes", 1869) and prose ("Notes ringer", 1862) - religious preaching, the pathos of loyalty patriotism. In the novel "Asmodeus our time" (1858) exposes the type of "extra" person "blasphemy" under the influence "Voltairianism" on religious and moral grounds. Editor and author of the far-right weekly "Home Talk" (1858-77). Aslamazian Arshakovna Mariam (b. 1907), the Armenian painter, People's Artist of Armenia (1965). Sonorous color decorative still life ("Armenian Still Life", 1955), pictures ("Return of the Hero", 1943), landscapes and portraits. ASLANDUZSKOE battle, 19 - 20.10. 1812, during the Russian-Persian war of 1804-13, when Aslanduzskom ford across the river. Aras (right tributary of the Kura). Russian detachment under the command of General PS Kotlyarevsky defeated the Persian army Abbas Mirza. ASLANOV Hazi Ahad oglu (1910-45), twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1942, 1991, posthumous), Major-General of Tank Troops (1944). In World War II commander of a tank regiment and brigade. He distinguished himself during the Battle of Stalingrad 1942-43 and Byelorussian operation 1944. Killed in action in Lithuania. Aslaug, in Norse mythology, the legendary original mother of Norwegian kings, the wife of King Ragnar Lodbrok. Asma (Amann), Richard (1845-1918), German aerologist. One of the first to establish the existence of the stratosphere (1902). Invented psychrometer. Asmara, a city in Ethiopia; cm. Asmara. HASMIK (pres. Name and fam. Tagush Hakobyan) (1879-1947), People's Artist of Armenia (1935), Hero of Labor (1936). On stage with 1906. Since 1921 the Armenian Theater. Sundukian. Asmodeus, in biblical mythology evil spirit. Asmus Valentin Ferdinandovich (1894-1975), a Russian philosopher, Doctor of Philosophy. Professor of Moscow State University (1939). Works on the history of philosophy, the theory and history of logic, aesthetics and literary criticism. USSR State Prize (1943). Asmara (Asmara), the capital of Eritrea, at an altitude of 2300 m. 344 thousand. Inhabitants (1989). International Airport. Ceramic and textile production. Major trade and transport center. University. ASNOVA (Association of New Architects) (1923-30), in Moscow, the association of architects, engineers, artists (NA Ladovsky, KS Melnikov, AM Rukhlyadev, Rodchenko). ASNOVA members sought to create artistic and expressive architectural form in the synthesis with the plastic arts, based on the latest building materials and structures based on psychophysiological patterns of perception of volume, space, color. ASNYK (Asnyk) Adam (1838-97), Polish poet. Sonnet cycle "over depths" (1883-1894) in the spirit of Romanticism; historical drama "Cola Rienzi" (1873). Aconitum, in Greek mythology, god of the same river. Was struck by lightning of Zeus when he tried to rob him of his daughter Aegina. Asorina (Azorin) (pres. The name of Jose Martinez Ruiz, Martinez Ruiz) (1874-1967), Spanish writer. Anti-bourgeois novel "Freedom" (1902), "Antonio Asorin" (1903); surrealistic novel "White in blue" (1929); literary criticism. Aspasia, see. Aspasia. Aspasia (Aspazija) (pres. Name and fam. Elsa Rosenberg, Rozenberga) (1868-1943), Latvian poet and playwright. Wife Rainis. Collection of poems "Reds" (1897), the play "Silver veil" (1905) expressed democratic ideas. Later moved away from social themes (the collection "Sunny Corner", 1910 et al.). Asparagine, aspartic acid amide. In living cells present in free form in the composition of proteins. By forming asparagine from aspartic acid in the body is associated toxic ammonia. Aspartic acid, HOOCCH2CH (NH2) COOH, an aliphatic amino acid. The body is present in the composition of proteins and free form. Plays an important role in the metabolism of nitrogenous substances. Participates in the formation of pyrimidine bases, urea. Asparuhov (Isperih) (c. 644 - c. 700), Bulgarians Khan (led invasion of the Balkans), 681 Khan First Bulgarian Empire. Aspasia (Aspasia) (c. 470 BC. E. -?), Heterosexual Dr. Athens. Different intelligence, education, and beauty; in her house going to artists, poets and philosophers. With 445 wife of Pericles. ASPECT, in botany - the appearance of the plant community, due to plant species composition, and time of year. Aspects usually called by the dominant plants. ASPECT, in linguistics - the same as the verbal kind. ASPECT (from Lat. Aspectus - kind), point of view, which is considered a phenomenon, a concept perspective. Aspergillus genus of imperfect fungi, marsupial stage which refers to the order plektaskovyh. Ok. 160 species, mostly in the form of mold in food products, soil, on damp walls and t. D. Some species cause disease, while others - are used in the production of citric acid, antibiotics, enzymes. Aspergillosis, chronic fungal infection of animals (mainly birds, bees) and a man called Aspergillus. Symptoms: respiratory failure, serous membranes. ASPERMATIZM (from a - a negative prefix and Greek. Sperma - seed), the absence of ejaculation during sexual intercourse while maintaining normal semyaobrazovaniya, sexual desire and erection. Symptom certain genital diseases or nervous system. One of the causes of male infertility. Aspermia, lack of sperm in semen. One of the causes of male infertility. Aspidistra, a genus of perennial herbs stemless lily family. 6-8 species in the mountains of South. and east. Asia, Japan. 1 species often grown in the rooms and greenhouses. ASPs, the family of poisonous snakes. 181 views. Common cobras, vipers, mambas, and others. Postgraduate (from Lat. Aspiro - aspire, try to get closer), a form of research training. Organized in 1925 when the People's Commissariat of the RSFSR, in the 1930s. spread in universities and research institutes of the USSR (protection graduate master's theses - 1934). In the beginning. 1990s. in the Russian Federation St. 60 th. Graduate in Vol. H. At universities St. 40 thousand. In most foreign countries preparing similar graduate school, carried out mainly at universities in special centers t. N. postgraduate education (usually for the Masters, licensees and others.) and ends with defense research and the award of the highest scientific degree (often a doctorate). Aspirator (from Lat. Aspiro - blow, breathe in, breathe out), a device for sampling air from the plant environment in order to analyze its composition and dust. Aspiration (from Lat. Aspiratio - inhalation), in medicine - ..1) special tools suctioning fluid or air from a body cavity ... 2) Contact the inhalation into the respiratory tract of food residues, blood (with bleeding), etc. . as a result of violation of the act of swallowing. Asplund (Asplund) Erik Gunnar (1885-1940), a Swedish architect. Combines the principles of functionalism (Bacteriological Institute, 1933-1937) with a classical poise ensembles (Forest crematorium, 1935-40, both in Stockholm). Asratyan Ezras Asratovich (1903-81), the Armenian physiologist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Armenia (1947), corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1939). Major works on the physiology of the central nervous system and the higher nervous activity. Arus Asryan Arutyunovna (1904 - 87), People's Artist of the USSR (1972). On stage since 1919, since 1940 in the Armenian Theater. Sundukian. ACC (Lat. As), ancient Roman copper coin. Minted from 5 in. BC. e., to handle up to 217 n. e. Assab, a city in Ethiopia; cm. Assab. Assam, a state in northeastern India, at the foot of eastern. Himalayas. 78.5 thousand. Km2. The population of 22.3 million. People (1991). Adm. c. - Dispur. In antiquity and the early Middle Ages the territory of Assam called Kamarupa. As a result of the Anglo-Burmese War Assam attached to the British possessions in India. Since 1950, the State of the Republic of India. Assembly (from the French. Assemblee - Assembly) .. 1) the collection ... 2) The name of the supreme body of state power in a number of countries, as well as the supreme body of some international organizations ... 3) Assembly-balls with the participation of women in the houses of the Russian nobility introduced and regulated (1718) by Peter I. assemblages (fr. assemblage; from assembler - collect) art object-relief or three-dimensional sculpture made up of real objects and their fragments. These grotesquely absurd "real still life" radically changes the meaning of things, the most characteristic of Dada and Pop Art. Assamese MOUNTAINS see. Shillong. Assamese language, refers to the Indian group of Indo-European family of languages. The official language of pieces. Assam in India. Writing dates back to the Brahmi. Assamese (self - ahomiya, assamiya), the people, the general population units. Assam (India). 14,550,000. People (1992). They also live in Bhutan (220 thousand. People) and others. Countries. Assamese language. Believers - Hindus, Muslims and Christians part. ASSEKTATORY, persistent, but not the dominant species in the plant community. Avg. Edificators. Assembler (Eng. Assembler, from assemble - to collect, edit) support program in the operating system for automatic translation of the source program to be executed on a computer, into machine language. One type of translator. Assen (Assen), a city in the Netherlands, adm. c. prov. Drenthe. 45 thousand. Residents. Food, paper industry, metal. Sewage disposal (from the French. Assainissement - recovery) cleaning method nekanalizovannyh localities of liquid waste. Sanitation includes collection, temporary storage, removal, disposal and recycling. Asser (Asser), Tobias (1838-1913), Dutch statesman and lawyer (JD, 1860). One of the founders (1873) of the Institute of International Law in Ghent. Headed the Dutch delegation at the peace conference in The Hague in 1899 and 1907. Member of the International Court of Arbitration in The Hague (1909). The Nobel Peace Prize (1911, together with A. Freedom). Assignats, paper money during the French Revolution; accessed in 1789-97. Banknotes, paper money, issued in Russia since 1769. Due to the sharp depreciation and the introduction of silver monometallism canceled on January 1st 1849. ASSISI (Assisi), a city in Italy, in the region. Umbria. Ok. 25 thousand. Residents. Founded by the Etruscans. Cathedral (1140), a complex of San Francesco (from 1228) - Monastery, the Upper and Lower Church, with frescoes by Cimabue, S. Martini, P. Lorenzetti, and other architectural monuments. Religious and tourist center. ASSIMILATION (from Lat. Assimilatio), .. 1) assimilation, fusion, assimilation ... 2) Ethnography - the merger of one nation to another with the loss of one of them their own language, culture and national identity. Distinguish natural assimilation, arises when an ethnically diverse population, mixed marriages, and so on. N., And forced assimilation, typical of countries where national unequal ... 3) In linguistics - likening one sound to another, prior (progressive assimilation Polish . sfora of swora) or following it (regressive assimilation: Russian "wedding" of the "weddings") ... 4) in biology - the same as anabolism, in a narrower sense - the absorption of nutrients by living cells (photosynthesis, root absorption and t. d.). Assyrian language (novosiriysky, Ustari. - Aysorsky), related to the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family. Writing on the basis of the Syrian alphabet. ASSYRIANS (Aissors, self - Aturi), the people in the Middle East, the US and others. The total number of 350 thousand. People (1992), in Vol. H. In the Russian Federation (10.6 thous. People), Iraq (120 thous. people), Iran (100 thousand. people), Turkey (70 thousand. people) and others. Language Assyrian. Believers mostly Nestorians. Assyriology, the science of language, literature, culture and history of Assyria and Babylonia; in the broadest sense - a set of science-related civilizations, enjoyed cuneiform (excluding Ugaritic and ancient Persian). Assyria, an ancient state in the North. Mesopotamia (in present-day Iraq). In the 14-9 centuries. BC. e. repeatedly subordinated the entire North. Mesopotamia and the surrounding areas. The period of highest power of Assyria - 2nd floor. 8-1 th floor. 7 centuries. BC. e. In 605 BC. e. destroyed by the Medes and Babylonia. ASSISTANT (from Lat. Assistens - help) .. 1) Assistant specialist ... 2) In many countries, universities and academic rank of teaching positions ... 3) Every member of the Honor Guard military banner. Assonance (fr. Assonance - consonance), harmony of vowel sounds (mostly percussion), especially in the slant rhyme ("huge - came to his senses," "sadness - lit up"). In French, Spanish and some other literatures on assonance build more ancient verse, on the exact rhyme - newer. ASSORTED (fr. Assorti - well-chosen), a specially selected blend set (eg., Assorted sweets). RANGE (French. Assortiment), .. 1) product range - the composition and the ratio of certain types of products in the company's products, industries, or any group of products ... 2) The trading company - selection of different species and varieties of goods (eg. , fabrics). Association psychology, one of the main directions in the psychology of 17-19 centuries. The main explanatory principle of mental life - the concept of association. Proceeding from the mechanistic philosophies of the 17th century. (Hobbes,. Locke, Spinoza), in the 18th century. different treatment was given associative psychology D. Hartley, J., Berkeley and David Hume. Associative (from medieval Latin. Associatio - connection), associative (associative) law, the property of addition and multiplication given by the formula: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c), a (bc) = (ab) c . Association, in psychology - a connection that occurs under certain conditions between two or more mental formations (sensations, motor acts, perceptions, ideas, and so on. N.); the basic concept of associative psychology. Distinguish association by contiguity (in space or time), similarity and contrast. J. term was introduced. Locke (1698). ASSOCIATION plant, the basic classification unit plant communities (phytocenoses). Characterized by a definite floristic composition. The Association called on the dominant type of one or more stages, for example. in the forest association spruce-myrtillus. Associations, unions, union. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN; Eng. Association of South East Asian Nations - ASEAN), founded in 1967 as a part of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines. In 1984 adopted Brunei. The objectives - economic, social, cultural and political cooperation. From the middle. 80s. taking steps to establish in the region a zone of peace and neutrality, as well as nuclear-free zone. Publishers' Association (BPA), social and professional organizations and labor collectives book book and magazine publishers (the seat - Moscow). Founded in 1990, the present name since 1991. It represents the interests of St. 150 publishers of all forms of ownership of the countries - members of the CIS. Established (1990) Development Fund of publishing them. Sytin. Association of Scientific-Research Institute of Russian social sciences, see. RANION. NEW ASSOCIATION OF ARCHITECTS, see. Asnova. Association of Societies of geneticists and breeders to them. Vavilov. Created in 1993 on the basis of the Russian Society of Geneticists and Breeders them. Vavilov (1966-91). Central Council - in Moscow. Association of Artists of Revolutionary RUSSIA, see. AHRR. ASSOCIATED NYUSPEYPERS Limited (Associate Newspaper Ltd.), An English newspaper-publishing company. Founded in 1905. It publishes the newspaper "Daily Mail" and others. ASSOCIATED PRESS (Associated Press), the largest US Information Agency, a cooperative association of newspaper publishers. Founded in 1848, New York. Assur Leonid (1878-1920), a Russian scientist, one of the founders of the Russian scientific school on the theory of mechanisms and machines. Created a rational classification of flat hinge mechanisms. Astangov (pres. Fam. Ruzhnikov) Mikhail Fedorovich (1900-65), actor, People's Artist of the USSR (1955). In 1925-27, 1930-41 in the Moscow Theater of the Revolution, from 1945 in the Theater. Vakhtangov. Game characterized by emotional brightness, impulsivity, depth drama. (Raleigh: Guy ("My friend" NFPogodin, 1932), Theodore ("Invasion" LM Leonov, 1944), Matthias Clausen ("Before Sunset" G. Hauptmann, 1954), and others. Filmed in the movies: "Dream" and others. USSR State Prize (1948, 1950, 1951). Astapova, the former name of urban settlement Leo Tolstoy in the Lipetsk region. Astara city (1945) in Azerbaijan, the Caspian m., at the mouth p. Astara (border with Iran). The train station. 13.0 thousand. inhabitants (1990). Food industry. Astara city in northwestern Iran. Approx. 25 thousand. residents port on the Caspian m., in the estuary. Astara (border with Azerbaijan). Paragraph international transit. Astarte (Ashtart), in the Phoenician mythology, the goddess of fertility, motherhood and love, astral deities, the personification of the planet Venus. astatine (lat. Astatium), At, a chemical element of Group VII of the periodic system, atomic number 85, atomic weight 209, 9871, refers to the halogens. radioactive, most stable isotope 210At (half-life 8.1 h). Name from the Greek. astatos - unstable (has no long-lived isotopes). According to one non-metal properties similar to iodine, on the other - metal polonium. DEVICE astatic, electrical measuring instrument (ammeter, voltmeter et al.), Which measuring system is configured so that the position of the movable part (reading device) does not affect the external uniform magnetic field. Used mainly for precision measurements in electrical circuits AC and DC. ASTAFYEV Alexander (1816-63), the Russian military theorist Major-General (1863). The main work "On the modern art of war." ASTAFYEV Viktor (b. 1924), the Russian writer, Hero of Socialist Labor (1989). In psychological stories and novels about the war and modern Siberian village "Theft" (1966), "Shepherd and Shepherdess" (1971), "King-fish" (1976, USSR State Prize, 1978), in a series of autobiographical short stories and novels "Last bow "(Vol. 1-2, 1971-92), the story" a sighted staff "(1988, based on correspondence with the critic AN Makarov, the USSR State Prize, 1991) - confrontation moral decay, building on the foundations of the national life of the root the theme of the death of Russian nature; in the novel "The Damned and killed" (Vol. 1, 1992) - a grim situation barracks wartime suffering of soldiers - victims of senseless brutality of the Soviet repressive system. In the novel "Sad Detective" (1986) - diagnosis of a severe moral and social condition of society 1970-80s. Cycle of lyrical miniatures "notches" (published in 1972). Stories, screenplays.
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