Меню
Личный кабинет Вход и регистрация
Регистрация
Назад » »

ИЗ СЛОВАРЕЙ (66)


Antithesis (Greek. Antithesis - antithesis), in the logic - judgment, are opposed to the thesis; in the philosophy of Hegel - stage of the triad, the moment of negation in the dialectical development. ANTIBODIES globular proteins (immuno-globulins) human plasma and warm-blooded animals having the ability to specifically bind to antigens. Interacting with microorganisms, prevent their reproduction or neutralize toxic substances secreted by them. In some pathological conditions in the body occur antibodies to self antigens, which may damage various organs. Antibody response to the antigen used for the diagnosis of various diseases, the identification of certain substances and microorganisms. Antitoxin (from anti ... and toxins), specific proteins (antibodies) neutralizing the toxins of microorganisms (eg., Tetanus, diphtheria), plants (ricin, abrin) and animals (snake venom, Black Widow). Anti-Trinitarians (from anti ... and armor. Trinitas - Trinity), adherents of movements, sects in Christianity, not taking one of the basic tenets of Christianity - the doctrine of the Trinity. Antifascist Committee of Soviet Women (AKSZH), a public organization in 1941-56, women represented the USSR in the International Democratic Federation of Women. Renamed the Soviet Women's Committee; 1992 Russian Union of Women. Antiferromagnetism magnetically crystalline solid state, in which the magnetic moments of all or part of the atoms (ions) in the neighboring lattice points so oriented (generally anti-parallel), a substance that magnetization as a whole is zero. Under the influence of an external magnetic field antiferromagnets become weak magnetization. Increasing the temperature to the Neel point leads to the loss of magnetization and the transition to the paramagnetic state (see. Paramagnetism). Antiferromagnets, a substance having an antiferromagnetic ordering of the magnetic moments of the atoms at a temperature below the Neel point QN (see. Antiferromagnetism). By antiferromagnets belong solid oxygen (a-modification, the current at T <24 K), chromium, a number of rare earth elements and approx. 1000 metal compounds (typical: NiF2, CoCl2, FeO, MnCO3, CuSO4). Antiferromagnetic Curie point, the same as the Neel point. Antiferromagnetic resonance, selective absorption antiferromagnet electromagnetic waves whose frequency (10-1000 GHz) is close to the natural frequencies of the precession of the magnetic sublattice magnetization vectors. Antifa from Egypt (2nd floor. 4 in. BC. E.), The ancient Greek painter, pupil Ktesidema. He worked at the court of Egyptian kings of the Ptolemies. Paint a picture, "Alexander the Great - a boy," "Alexander, Philip and Athena", "Grillo" (connection features of a human face with the features of the animal), "Boy, fan the fire," "Workshop yarn" and others. Antiphonal singing (from the Greek . antiphonos - sounding in response), alternating two choirs singing. Used in the Christian church music. Antiphon from Athens (5th c. BC. E.), Greek philosopher-sophist, according to Xenophon, - Socrates opponent. Basically the book "The Truth" conventionality social institutions and moral standards as opposed something true nature of man, his natural inclinations and instincts. Antifreeze (from anti ... and English. Freeze - freeze), aqueous solutions of certain substances (ethylene glycol, glycerol, inorganic salts, and others.), Does not freeze at low temperatures. Used in the cooling systems of internal combustion engines in ambient temperatures from -75 to 0 ° C. Antifriction materials (from anti ... and armor. Frictio - friction), have a low coefficient of friction and are used for the manufacture of parts, working mainly in terms of sliding friction (bearings, bushings, bearings, and so on. D.). By antifriction materials include alloys or Sn-based Pb (babbitt metal), Cu (bronze), Fe (gray cast iron), etc .; Plastics (PCB, Teflon-4 and others.); sintered materials (bronzografit, zhelezografit); some species of wood and plastics drevesnosloistyh; rubber. Lubricants, greases used to reduce wear and reduce the sliding friction in the mechanism. Widespread lubricants - Solid oils. ANTICHRIST, in Christian mythology enemy of Christ, which will be the eve of the "end of the world" and will be defeated by Christ. Anticyclone area of high pressure in the atmosphere, with a maximum in the center (at sea level 1050-1070 hPa). Anticyclone diameter - about thousand kilometers. Anticyclone system is characterized by winds blowing clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and against - in the South, mainly clear and dry weather and light winds. Anticipation (lat. Anticipatio), .. 1) anticipation of ... 2) Early onset of a phenomenon. Antiparticles elementary particles having the same mass, spin, lifetime and some other internal characteristics as their "twins" -particles, but different from the particles signs of electric charge and magnetic moment of the baryon charge, lepton number, strangeness, and others. All elementary particles, but the absolutely neutral, have their own antiparticles. In the collision of particles and antiparticles is their annihilation. Ancient Art, the name of the ancient Greek and Roman art, which arose during the Renaissance. Originated in the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula, on the islands of the Aegean arch. and the west coast of Asia Minor and survived the highest flowering in Other. Greece in 5-4 centuries. BC. e. In the Hellenistic period its influence spread over a vast area adjacent to the Mediterranean and Black Seas, and the Middle and Wed. East (as far as India), where local schools have developed Hellenistic art. The tradition of ancient Greek and Hellenistic art new development in the art of Dr.. Rome. The best works of ancient art, embodied in the classically clear, sublime forms of high humanistic ideals, are usually associated with the notions of artistic excellence and artistic reach of the sample. ANTIQUE versification see. The metric verse. Antiquity (from Lat. Antiquus - ancient), in the broadest sense, the term, Russian equivalent "antiquity", in the narrow and the more common sense - Greco-Roman antiquity (History and Culture Dr. Greece and others. Rome). Antique cities in the Black Sea; arose during the Greek colonization with 6 in. BC. e. The largest ancient city in the north - Thira, Olvia, Chersonesos, Theodosius, Panticapaeum, Phanagoria Tanais; on the Caucasian coast - Gorgippia, Dioscuriada, Phasis. Traded with Dr. cities. Greece and Asia Minor, the Scythians. In the 5th century. BC. e. of the towns merged in the Bosporus state. C 3. BC. e. attacked the Scythians, Sarmatians. During 2. BC. e. under the authority of the state of Pontus and then Rome. After the invasion of the Goths and Huns (ser. 3 - con. 4 c. BC. E.) Fell into disrepair. Antokolsky Mark Matveevich (1843-1902), Russian sculptor. Was close to the Wanderers. Deep historical and psychological certainty marked his images Russian historical figures ("Ivan the Terrible" 1871, "Peter I", 1872) .ANTOKOLSKY Mark Matveevich (Morduch Matysovich) [October 21 (November 2) in 1843, Vilnius - June 26 (9 July) 1902, Bad Homburg, Germany], the Russian artist. The largest master Russian school of sculpture 2nd half of the 19th v.Vyhodets from a wealthy family of the owner of the inn. He studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts (1862-68) in NS Pimenov. He lived in St. Petersburg from 1871 - in Italy, since 1877 - in Paris. He participated in the exhibitions of the Association of the Wanderers, with great sympathy for their search for "the truth in the art of" opposing the dilapidated canons akademizma.Rannie small Antokolsky high relief (of wood or bone) with warm humor embody the typical Valais Jewish provincial life ("Tailor", 1864; "The Miser", 1865, both in the Russian Museum). Its main theme soon becomes Russian history, the largest of its shape, the person whom he seeks to reveal in all their dramatic complexity. Seeking acute psychological expressiveness of details and the general silhouette, he has been nominated in the number of major sculptor of his time. The most famous are his images of Ivan the Terrible, immersed in a serious thought (1871, bronze version of the Russian Museum, Marble, 1875 - in the Tretyakov Gallery), and Peter I (1872; bronze statue as a monument installed in Petrodvorets, Taganrog and Arkhangelsk) last complete proud figure of power, seen as a symbol of Russia, the opening phase of its new European istorii.S years in the works Antokolsky enhanced features of philosophical thought. Following the typical European sculpture of the time trend to the maximum "live" form, he creates works of generalized symbolic nature, seeking to portray not only the specific historical characters as plastic examples of moral quest, doubts and inspirations of the spirit. These are his "Christ before the court of the people" (bronze version - 1874), "The Death of Socrates" (1875), "Spinoza" (1882), "Mephistopheles" (1883, all - Russian Museum), "Christian martyr" ("Not from world ", 1887, Tretyakov Gallery). Modeling of these works - usually in the final version of the executable in white marble - reaches a particular nervous subtlety. They largely precede sculpture symbolism. And in the later period Antokolsky, although less frequently refers to the motives of Russian history, creating epic compositions such as high relief "Yaroslav the Wise" (majolica, 1889), "Nestor the Chronicler" (marble, 1890), "Ermak" (bronze, 1891 all - Russian Museum) .Antokolsky - author of a number of tombstones (MA Obolensky in Rome, 1877; FM Dmitriev in Moscow, 1888, both - marble, etc.) and portrait busts, including criticism Stasov (bronze, 1873, Tretyakov Gallery), with whom he had a long-standing friendship and correspondence. In his letters and articles (collected and edited in the collection Stasov 1905) called his ideals of "sincerity" and "soul in the arts." His judgments about the crisis of contemporary art culture similar aesthetics LN Tolstogo.Literatura: E. Kuznetsova VM Antokolsky: Life and Work. M., 1989.Mark Antokolsky: Exhibition of the 150th anniversary of his birth. Catalog / State Russian Museum. SPb., 1994.M. Sokolov Antokolsky Paul G. (1896-1978), Russian poet. Poem "The Commune '71" (1933), "The Son" (1943, USSR State Prize, 1946), "In the alley behind the Arbat" (1954), a collection of poems "Workshop" (1958), "Time" (1973), a book "Pushkin" (1960, poems and essays) differ striving for historical and cultural generalizations. Translations. ANTHOLOGY (Gr. Anthologia, letters. - A collection of colors), a collection of selected works (literary, philosophical, musical) by different authors. Antonello da Messina (Antonello da Messina) (c. 1430-79) was an Italian painter of the early Renaissance. In clear plastic, poetic paintings, portraits Distinguishing used the technique of oil painting, achieving color depth, saturated light ("Crucifixion", 1477 "St. Sebastian," 1476). Antonescu (Antonescu) John (1882-1946), the dictator of Romania in 1940-44, Marshall (1941). Member of the suppression of the peasant revolt. 1907 intervention against the Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919. The government Antonescu in 1941 plunged Romania into the war against the Soviet Union. In 1946, executed by the verdict of the tribunal. Antoniadi (Antoniadi) Eugene Michel (1870-1944) was a French astronomer. During the great opposition of Mars (1909) found that the dark bands on its surface, "channels", consist of separate spots and can not be the result of intelligent activity. Antony of Siya Monastery, men's, founded in 1520 on the river. Sion, a tributary of North. Dvina (the territory of modern Arkhangelsk region.), Monk Antony. Played an important role in the economic development of Pomerania. Abolished after the October Revolution. Landmark con. 16-18 centuries. Anthony (in the world Dobrynia Yadreykovich) (d. 1232), Archbishop of Novgorod, the author of "The Pilgrim Books" of the journey to the holy places. Anthony the Great (c. 250-356), the founder of Christian monasticism, the hermit in Egypt. Canonized by the church. ANTHONY Mark (Marcus Antonius) (c. 83-30 BC. E.), Roman general. Supporter of Caesar. In 43 with Octavian and Lepidus formed 2nd triumvirate, defeated the army of Brutus and Cassius (42). In 42 took control of the eastern provinces of the Roman empire. Friends with the Egyptian queen Cleopatra. After the declaration of war by the Senate and the defeat of Cleopatra, the Egyptian fleet of Actium (31) committed suicide. ANTHONY Martkopi, Iver (6 in.), A Christian monk Stylite; disciple of St. John Zedazeni, who came with him from Antioch to Georgia. Preached in Kakheti; founded a monastery and built a temple Saviour image. The last 15 years of life lived on a pillar. Memory in the Orthodox Church on January 19 (February 1) and 7 (20) of May. ANTHONY Nikopol (Armenian) (d. C. 319), one of the forty-five Christian martyrs damaged in Nikopol Armenian in the persecution of Emperor Licinius. Memory in the Orthodox Church 10 (23) of July. Anthony of Padua (1195-1231), a saint of the Catholic Church, a Franciscan friar, a famous preacher. Memory in the Catholic Church on June 13. Anthony of the Caves (983-1073), founder (1051) of the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery. In 1069 fled from the wrath of Izyaslav Yaroslavich in Chernihiv, where he founded a monastery. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church. Antonik Vladimir Vladimirovich (b. 1953), the Russian actor. The main role of the romantic hero. Roles: Ratibor ("Primary Russia", 1986), Gurov ("Corruption", 1990), Ring ("Tsar Ivan the Terrible", 1991), Nikita ("Wild Field", 1991), red ("white robes", 1993 , a TV movie based on the novel VD Dudintsev), Hurricane ("Wizard of Oz", 1994), and others. antonyms (from anti ... and Greek. onyma - name), words with opposite meanings. Ex .: "true - false," "poor - rich." Antonin Caesarea (PNA) (d. 308), presbyter, the martyr damaged in persecution of emperor Maximian Galerius. Memory in the Orthodox Church 13 (26) of November. Antonin Maccabee (d. 166 BC. E.), According to legend, one of seven brothers - Old Testament martyrs killed for refusing to violate the law of Moses in the persecution of Antiochus IV Epiphanes (2 Maccabees 7). Memory in the Orthodox Church 1 (14) of August. Antoninus Pius (Antoninus Pius) (86-161), Roman emperor from 138, from the Antonine dynasty. Continuing the policy of Hadrian, avoiding wars and built the fortifications on the borders. Antonin Syracuse (d. C. 886), the Christian martyr, who was killed in Africa Muslim Arabs; son of the martyr St. John of Syracuse. Memory in the Orthodox Church on September 23 (October 6). Antonin Syrian (d. 440), the Christian monk-ascetic struggle in Syria at the top of the mountain. Memory in the Orthodox Church on February 23 (March 8). Antonin Uglich, Basil (d. 1609), the abbot, the martyr who died in the ruin of Uglich Poles in the Time of Troubles. Memory in the Orthodox Church on May 23 (June 5) (Cathedral of the Rostov-Yaroslavl saints). ANTONINA (Antonini), the dynasty of Roman emperors in the 96-192. Named after Antoninus Pius. The most significant: Trajan, Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius. Took shape under the Antonines monarchical power and bureaucracy. Conducted an aggressive foreign policy (especially Trajan). Antonioni (Antonioni) Michelangelo (b. 1912), an Italian film director. Expanded perspective of neo-realism to include motifs tragic loneliness of people, their spiritual emptiness, miscommunication. Movies: "Adventure" (1960), "Night" (1960), "Eclipse" (1961), "Red Desert" (1964), "Zabriskie Point" (1970), "Profession: Reporter" (1975), "identification of a Woman "(1982) and others. Antonov Alexander Stepanovich (1888-1922), head of the peasant uprising in Tambov, Voronezh and parts of the lips. Dissatisfied with the policy of "war communism" (1920-21), t. N. Antonov. A member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party to 1906. After the February Revolution of 1917 he returned from exile in Tambov, the chief of the county police. The autumn of 1918 led the revolt in the villages Rudovka, Vasilevka and Nikolsky, soon suppressed; summer of 1919 organized the squad had grown rapidly to 2 armies in 50 thousand. man with whom attacked the warehouses of weapons, police, army units. In November 1920 headed by the chief operational headquarters of the rebels, acting under the slogans "Down with the surplus-appropriation !," Long live free trade! and so on. n. After the liquidation of the uprising (the Red Army, the Cheka troops, VOHR and often special purpose (CHON), under the overall supervision Tukhachevsky) disappeared. Killed during the arrest. Antonov Antonov (1896-1962), military commander, General of the Army (1943). During the Great Patriotic War, the chief of staff of a number of fronts, 1st deputy. Chief of General Staff (1942), Chief of General Staff (1945). In 1946-48 and 1954 1st Deputy Chief of Staff, and in 1955 and Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the United States - the Warsaw Pact. Antonov Vladimir Konstantinovich (1927-92), the Russian chemist bioorganik, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1990). The structure and function of proteolytic enzymes and their possible use in genetic engineering. USSR State Prize (1984). Anton Ivanov, Z. (1919-60), Mordovia writer. The novel "In one family" (1954) on the cohesion of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War, essays and short stories. Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov (1906-84), aircraft, academician of the USSR (1981) and the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1967), Hero of Socialist Labor (1966). Under the leadership created a number of Antonov aircraft, t. H. An-124 ("Ruslan"). Lenin Prize (1962), the USSR State Prize (1952). Antonov Sergey Petrovich (1915-1995), Russian writer. Stories and novels mainly about modern village "Poddubenskie ditties" (1950), "It was in Penkovo" (1956), "Torn ruble" (1966), "From the first person. Stories about writers, books and words" (1973) . Tale of the dramatic lives of people in 1930 .: "Vaska" (1987) about the builders of the subway; "Ravines" (1988) - about collectivization. USSR State Prize (1951). Olga Antonova (b. 1937), the Russian actress, People's Artist of Russia (1994). Works in St. Petersburg Comedy Theatre. NP Akimov. Roles in the theater: the mudflow ("Misanthrope" JB Molière), Filomena ("Filomena Morturano" E. De Filippo) Cheboksarova ("Mad Money" by Alexander Ostrovsky), and others. Game Antonova characterized by subtle psychological development of the characters brilliantly manifested in collaboration with CG Muratova (Natasha in the film "asthenic syndrome", 1989). Filmed in the movies: "Regicide" KG Shakhnazarov, "Castle" AO Balabanov, the television movie "The Curse of Durant," "Almost funny story," "My people" and others. ANTONOVICH Bonifatevich Vladimir (1834-1908), Ukrainian historian, ethnographer, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1901), Professor. Proceedings on Ukrainian archeology, history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and Ukraine. Publisher "Archive Southwest Russia." ANTONOVICH Isidorovich Daniel (1889-1975), actor, People's Artist of the USSR (1954). On the scene since 1919. From 1926 to the Ukrainian Theater. Shevchenko (Kharkiv). USSR State Prize (1948). ANTONOVICH Maxim A. (1835-1918), the Russian literary critic and publicist. In 1860-66 employee "Contemporary". He played for the democratic literature. Advocated materialism, Darwinism. Author of memoirs. Antonivka, winter apple varieties: antonovka ordinary, antonovka kamenichka (old Russian variety), antonovka shestisotgrammovaya and others. The fruits are large and medium-sized, tartrate, with a distinctive aroma. Yields of 500 kg or more of the tree. Antonov Vladimir Aleksandrovich (1883-1939), politician. During the October Revolution secretary of the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee (MRC), led the capture of the Winter Palace. In 1917-19 one of the organizers of the Red Army, the commander of Soviet forces in southern Russia. In 1922-24, Head of Political RVS USSR. Since 1924, Ambassador to Czechoslovakia, Lithuania, Poland. Since 1934, the prosecutor of the RSFSR. Since 1936 Consul General in Barcelona. Since 1937 the People's Commissar of Justice of the Russian Federation. repressed; posthumously rehabilitated. Antofagasta (Antofagasta), a city and a seaport in northern Chile, adm. c. region. Antofagasta, 219 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Food and chemical industries. Non-ferrous metallurgy. University. Founded in 1870. ANTOTSEROTOVYE mosses, mosses class, with a paddle or rosette thallus. St. 300 species (4 genera), mainly in the tropics. Anthocyanins, pigments (pigments) plant red, blue and purple. Dissolved in the cell sap; along with other pigments determine color fruits, flowers and leaves. Anthracnose, plant diseases caused by parasitic fungi. Hit legumes, fruit, melons and other crops. On aboveground organs spots, sores with dark red or black edges. Anthracosis, pneumoconiosis caused by exposure to coal dust. Intermission (fr. Entr'acte, from the entre - between and acte - action) .. 1) the break between acts (actions) of stage performances, part of the concert ... 2) Instrumental entry to any act (except 1st ) in the opera, ballet, drama productions. Anthraquinones, light yellow crystals, m.p. 287 ° C. Anthraquinone - the starting material for the synthesis of anthraquinone dyes which differ in brightness and coloration and durability are used for dyeing wool, silk paint preparation. Anthracene, colorless crystals, mp 216 ° C. Contained in coal tar. Scintillator materials for the synthesis of anthraquinone. Anthracene oil, liquid distillate of coal tar (boiling range 280-360 ° C). Comprises anthracene, phenanthrene, and other aromatic compounds. Anthracene oil is used for the isolation of anthracene in carbon black production, in wood preservatives. ANTHRACITE (until 1962 Bokovo-Anthracite), city (1938) in Ukraine, Lugansk region. Railway station. 72.8 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Extraction of coal. Repair of mining equipment; food and light industry, etc.. anthracite coal fossil highest stage of coalification. The density of 1500-1700 kg / m3; calorific value 33,8-35,2 MJ / kg. Comprises (in the combustible mass) up to 9% volatiles 93,5-97% carbon. High-quality power fuel. It is also used in the production of carbides, electrodes and others. The main deposits of anthracite - in the Russian Federation, Ukraine, the United States and China. Antrim (fr. Entree - the entry, exit the stage) .. 1) the appearance of the clowns in the circus on the arena (originally), now a comic scene with Buffon receptions ... 2) In the introductory part of the expanded ballet pas de deux (pas de trois), the output of one or more performers. Antrea, the name of Kamennogorsk in the Leningrad Region. until 1948. Entrepreneur (French. entrepreneur - owner), the owner, tenant, landlord of the private, public entertainment (theater, circus, etc.) - repertory. LOFT (mezzanine) (fr. Entresol), .. 1) the upper mezzanine house (in mansions 18-19 cc.) ... 2) The upper part of the room, divided into 2 mezzanine ... 3) In a modern home flooring on the ceiling storage space. Antrim (Antrim), basalt plateau in the northeast of. Ireland. Height up to 554 m. Abrasion arches, caves, hexagonal columns of up to 6 m (t. N. Giant's Causeway). Near Antrim - oz. Lough Neagh. Antrim, mucosal inflammation and bone cell walls of the largest (antrum) of the mastoid process of the temporal bone; observed mainly in inflammation of the middle ear in children during the first months of life. ANTHROPOLOGICAL ... (from the Greek. Anthropos - people), a part of the composite words meaning: relating to a person (eg., Anthropology). Alexei Petrovich Antropov (1716-95), the Russian painter. Portraits Antropov distinguish parsuna connection with the tradition, the truth of the characteristics of Baroque painting techniques (portrait of Peter III, 1762). Human evolution (from anthropo ... and genesis), the process of historical and evolutionary formation of the physical type of person, the initial development of his work, speech. The doctrine of anthropology - anthropology section. Anthropogenic vegetation (from anthropo ... and ... the gene), plant communities, resulting from human activities (crops and planting, grazing, deforestation, drainage of wetlands, etc.). Anthropogenic impact on the nature of the various forms of the impact of human activities on the environment. Anthropogenic impacts cover individual components of nature and natural systems. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of human impacts is anthropogenic load. Anthropogenic impacts can be both positive and negative; Recently, the application calls for special environmental measures. Anthropogenic system (period) (anthropogenic), the same as the Quaternary system (period). Anthropogeography, for socio-economic geography, based on the ideas of geographical school (sociology), to recognize that the natural conditions of a decisive role in the distribution of population and economy. Arose in the context. 19 in. Anthropologism (anthropological principle), a philosophical concept, is seen in the concept of "man" main category and coming out of it in the explanation of nature, society and thought. Anthropological principle in philosophy introduced and justified Feuerbach, in which he became the basis for criticism of German classical idealism. In Russia, a supporter of the ideas of Feuerbach was NGChernyshevsky. Anthropologism developed in various philosophical concepts (Friedrich Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, a number of representatives of existentialism). In a worldly sense the word anthropologism - part of the philosophical doctrine of man. See. Also philosophical anthropology. Anthropology Institute. DNAnuchina Moscow State University, founded in 1922. The research in all fields of anthropology. At the Institute of Museum (founded in 1879; anthropological, archaeological and ethnographic collections). Anthropological School in Cultural Studies, developed in Britain in the 1860s. (E. Taylor, A. Lang, J. Fraser, in Russia - Veselovskii), due to the similarity of mythology and folklore of different peoples of the identity of human nature and the unity of primitive thinking (animism, the process of analogy); argued that, having arisen, similar stories have become eternal associates ("remnants") culture. Anthropological type, historically complex genetically stable features of the physical structure that characterizes a group of people in a certain area. The term "physical type" is referred to as the big race, and their subdivisions. Anthropology (from anthropo ... and ... logy), the science of the origin and evolution of man (see. Anthropogenesis) formation of human races and the normal variations of the physical structure of man. As an independent science was formed in the middle. 19 in. The main sections of anthropology: the human morphology, the study of anthropology, rasovedenie. From the middle. 20 in. intensively developing complex disciplines united under the name of "human biology" (the study of physiological, biochemical and genetic factors that influence the variation of the structure and development of the human body). PHILOSOPHICAL ANTHROPOLOGY see. Philosophical Anthropology. ANTHROPOMETRY (from anthropo ... ... and meters), in anthropology - measurement system of the human body and its parts. Anthropomorphism (from anthropo ... and Greek. Morphe - form, type), likening man endowed with human qualities (eg., Consciousness) of objects and phenomena of inanimate nature, celestial bodies, mythical creatures. Anthroponimics (from anthropo ... and Greek. Onyma - name), a section of onomastics studying the origin, change, geographic distribution, social functioning, and so on. N. Of proper names of people. Anthroponoses (from anthropo ... and Greek. Nosos - disease), a group of infectious diseases, agents which can affect a person only (typhoid, malaria, scarlet fever, etc.). ANTHROPOSOPHY (from anthropo ... and Greek. Sophia - wisdom), for in the spiritual life of the 20th century. Emanating from R. Steiner-based "science of the spirit" - extrasensory knowledge of the world through self-knowledge of man as a cosmic being. In 1913 founded the Anthroposophical Society (in 1988 approx. 47 thous. Members in different countries), in 1923 - "Free University of Science of the spirit" (Goetheanum) in Dornach (Switzerland). Ideas anthroposophy received realization in Education (Waldorf schools), art (eurythmy), medicine (in Vol. H. Pharmaceutics), agriculture and others. Anthroposphere (from anthropo ... and Greek. Sphaira - ball), a component of sociosphere, encompassing humanity as a collection of individuals. Anthropophagy (from anthropo ... and Greek. Phagein - present), cannibalism; cm. Cannibalism. Anthropochore (from anthropo ... and Greek. Choreo - go along), unintentional distribution of plants by man (under various traffic and so on.). Eg., Ragweed weed introduced to Europe in the 19th century. from the North. America. Anthropocentrism (from anthropo ... and center), conception, according to which man is the center and the ultimate goal of the universe. Antsla (Antsla), city (1938) in Estonia. Railway station. 1.7 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Manufacture of knitted garments and furniture. Known since 1405. Antson (Antson) Alexander (1899-1945), an Estonian writer. In the pre-war works (the collection "Epigrams," 1-3, 1927-33, plays) exposed the German and Estonian fascists. Historical novel "Victory" (published 1946).

FRIEDRICH WILHELM NIETZSCHE / ФРИДРИХ ВИЛЬГЕЛЬМ НИЦШЕ

НИЦШЕ / NIETZSCHE / ЕССЕ HOMO / ВОЛЯ К ВЛАСТИ / К ГЕНЕАЛОГИИ МОРАЛИ / СУМЕРКИ ИДОЛОВ /
Никто не решился оставить свой комментарий.
Будь-те первым, поделитесь мнением с остальными.
avatar