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PROFILE (French. Enquete, letters. - Investigation), a questionnaire to obtain any information on who fills it, or to get answers to questions, drawn up by a special program. Questionnaires, technical means of concrete social research, preparation, distribution, study questionnaires. It is used in the social sciences, with the census, the study of public opinion. ANKIL, in Roman mythology shield that Numa Pompilius in the reign fell from the sky, becoming the key to the security and prosperity of the Roman state. Ankil and eleven of these boards, made by order of Numa, stored Salii priests. Ankylosis (from the Greek. Ankylos - bent), joint stiffness caused by coalescence mainly articular surfaces after inflammation or injury. Treatment operative. Ancylostoma (hookworms), a family of worms, nematodes class. Approx. 70 species, mostly in the tropics and subtropics. Parasites in the intestines of humans and mammals. Cause hookworm, bunostomoz et al. Disease. Hookworm infection, invasive disease of dogs, foxes and foxes caused by nematodes - Ancylostoma, parasitic in the small intestine. Symptoms: vomiting, diarrhea. ENCLAVE (Enclave) (fr. Enclave, from Lat. Inclavo - Lockable), territory or part of the territory of one state, surrounded on all sides by the territory of others. State (eg., Lesotho). If enclave has access to the sea, it is called poluanklavom. ANCONA (Ancona), city and port in the Center. Italy, on the Adriatic m., Administrative center of the province. Ancona and the Marche region. 103.5 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Engineering, oil refining, light and food industries; production of musical instruments, majolica, glass products. Balneological resort. Triumphal Arch of Trajan (beginning. 2 in.), The Romanesque cathedral (11-13 cc.). Naval base. ANCHORAGE (Anchorage), city and port in the United States, pcs. Alaska. 226 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Major trade and transport center. International Airport. Timber, food (fish processing), printing industry. University. Museum of Indians and Eskimos of the Arctic; J. monument. Cook. Ankudinov Timothy Dem'yanovich (1617-53), the clerk. In 1643 escaped from Russia. Pretended to be the son of Basil Shumsky - Ivan. Claiming the throne, sought support Rzeczpospolita, Turkey, the pope, Italian and others. States. In 1653 the Duke of Holstein issued. Executed. ANLUND (Ahnlund) Nielsen (1889-1957), Swedish historian. Works on the history of the 17th century Sweden. ANNA (1 in. BC. E.), Holy, righteous, wife of Jehoiakim, the mother of the Blessed Virgin Mary, she gave birth after 20 years of infertility. Memory in the Orthodox Church on July 25 (August 7), 9 September and 9 (22) of December in the Catholic on 26 July. Anne of Austria (Anne d'Austriche) (1601-66), the French queen, his wife (1615) of Louis XIII. In 1643-51 regent for juvenile Louis XIV. ANNA Adrianople (3 in.), The Christian martyr. Memory in the Orthodox Church on October 22 (November 4). Anne Boleyn, see. Anne Boleyn. Anna Ivanovna (Anna Ivanovna) (1693-1740), Empress of Russia from 1730, the niece of Peter I, Duchess of Courland to 1710. enthroned Supreme Privy Council. The de facto ruler when it was EI Biron. * * * Anna Ivanovna (Anna Ivanovna) [January 28 (February 7) in 1693, Moscow - 17 (28) October 1740, St. Petersburg], Empress of Russia (since 1730). Daughter of Tsar Ivan V Alekseyevich and PF Saltykova. After his father's death in 1696 with his mother and sister lived in the village of Izmailovo, where she received her education at home. In 1708 on the orders of Peter I the family moved to St. Petersburg, and in 1710, Anna was married to the Duke of Courland Friedrich Wilhelm, who died in January 1711 on the way from St. Petersburg to Kurland, where the young went soon after the wedding. Anna wanted was to go back, but at the urging of Peter I was forced to live in Mitau. Courland nobility was greeted with hostility, she soon fell under the influence of Russian resident P. Bestuzhev, who became her favorite. Being in very straitened material circumstances, the beloved own mother Anne had to constantly turn to the Russian court, and their relatives in St. Petersburg with the humiliation of asking for help. In 1726 as a result of the intrigues of Alexander Menshikov, to claim the throne of Courland, upset Anna's marriage with Count Maurice of Saxony. After withdrawal Bestuzheva from 1727 it became a favorite EI Biron, from which according to some sources, Anna had a son, born wife officially considered Biron. In 1730, in a dynastic crisis after the death of Peter II, she was invited by members of the Supreme Privy Council on the throne and to sign the proposed Supreme Privy her "condition", limiting the autocracy. However, upon arrival in Moscow, Anna tearing "condition" was proclaimed autocratic empress. Her supporters were supported autocratic rule and gvardiya.Harakter, lifestyle Anna Ivanovna had a difficult nature, was capricious, different rancor and revenge. Petersburg court of Anna Ivanovna was a mixture of old Moscow orders with elements of a new European culture, brought to the Russian Peter's innovations. Not having the ability and inclination to state activity, empress spent time in idle court entertainments among clowns, midgets, blissful, fortune tellers, old women retainers. She loved to play the role of matchmaker, adored hunting, exterminating every year several hundred have been driven to her animals. Special popularity was arranged by her in February 1740 clown wedding of Prince Golitsyn with Kalmyk-Kvasnikov A. Buzheninova in a specially built ice house. However, the court was popular Italian opera and ballet. By order of Anna Ivanovna was built theater with 1,000 seats, and in 1737 opened the first Russian ballet school. Domestic politics Domestic and foreign policy of Russia in the era of Anna Ivanovna was generally focused on the continuation of the line of Peter I. After the dissolution in 1730 of the Supreme Privy Council was reset to the Senate, and in 1731 established the Cabinet, actually govern. Not trusting the former political top and guards, empress created new Guards regiments - Izmailovsky and Horse are staffed by foreigners and freeholders in southern Russia. Was satisfied at the same time a number of the most important requirements of the nobility put forward during the events of 1730. In 1731 was canceled Peter's decree on primogeniture (1714) with regard to the order of inheritance of immovable estates, established gentry housing for children of nobles, in 1732 to double the salaries of Russian officers in 1736 fitted with a 25-year lifespan, after which the nobles could retire, allowed to keep one of his sons to manage the estate. At the same time continued its policy on enslaving of all categories of the population: the decree of 1736 all factory workers declared the property of their respective owners. Anna Ivanovna's reign marked the rise of the Russian industry, especially metallurgy, which appeared on the first place in the world for the production of pig iron. Since the second half of the 1730s. began the gradual transfer of state-owned enterprises into private hands, which was confirmed Berg Regulations (1739), encourage private enterprise. Biron Anna Ivanovna's reign also included in the historiography and as a time of "Biron", which is usually treated as the dominance of foreigners and toughening of police repression. In reality, he held senior positions at her court Biron, BK Minich, AI Osterman, brothers Levenvolde et al. Participated in the struggle for political influence on the Empress, along with Russian grandees not forming united "German party". The number of prisoners in the years of the Secret Chancellery on average almost did not differ from that of the previous and subsequent time, and among them are almost no cases of anti-German sentiment. The best known processes against Prince Dolgoruky, Prince Dmitry Golitsyn, as well as dealing AP Volyn. Anna was emphasized pious, superstitious, takes care of the strengthening of Orthodoxy. When it opened new seminaries, established the death penalty for blasphemy (1738) The outer policy of de facto head of the Russian foreign policy during Anna Ivanovna was AI Osterman, in 1726 has achieved the signing of the treaty of alliance with Austria, which determined the nature of foreign policy on the several decades. In 1733-1735 allies jointly participated in the war for "the Polish Succession", the result of which was the expulsion of Stanislaw Leszczynski and the election of the Polish throne August III. During the Russian-Turkish war of 1735-1739, the Russian army twice (1736, 1738) was part of the Crimea and ruining it, were captured by the Turkish fortress Ochakov and Hawtin. However inept commander of the army Minich, which led to a large loss of life, forced Russia to sign unprofitable for it Belgrad peace, in which she had to return to Turkey all the conquered lands. Shortly before his death, Anna Ivanovna declared heir to the throne of his infant nephew Ivan Antonovich, as regent for him Biron. Anna Ivanovna was buried in the Peter and Paul Cathedral Peterburga.Literatura: Anisimov EV Russia without Peter. SPb., 1993.A. B. Kamensky Anna Leopoldovna (1718-46), the ruler of Russia in 1740-41 for minor son - Emperor Ivan VI Antonovich, granddaughter of Ivan V. Since 1739 married to Prince Anton Ulrich of Brunswick. Overthrown in November 1741; died in exile. Anna Perrin (lat. Anna Perenna), in Roman mythology, the goddess of the new year, the festival in her honor accounted for Ida March (March 15). Anna Petrovna (1708-28), daughter of Peter I. In 1725 the wife of the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, the mother of Peter III, the actual founder of Holstein-Gottorp line of the Romanov dynasty (1761-1917). ANNA Seleucia (Persian) (d. C. 345), the Christian martyr damaged in persecution of king Shapur II. Memory in the Orthodox church on November 20 (December 3), in the Catholic 20th of November. Anna Stewart (Anne Stuart) (1665-1714), Queen of England from 1702, the last of the Stuart dynasty. Anne of Kiev (c. 1024 - not before 1075), the daughter of Yaroslav the Wise, the wife (1049-1060), the French King Henry I. Ruler of France in the infancy of his son - Philip I. Annaba (Bon), the city and port in northeastern Algeria, the administrative center of the wilaya Annaba. 305.5 thousand. Inhabitants (1987). Transport hub. International Airport. Metallurgy, metal processing, chemical, textile industry. University. Mosque of Sidi Bou Merouana (1033). Annaberg-Buchholz (Annaberg-Buchholz), a city in south-east Germany, Saxony. 26 thousand. Inhabitants (1988). Machinery, light industry. Gothic church Annenkirhe (1499-1525). ANNAKULIEVA Annagul (b. 1924), the Turkmen singer (soprano), People's Artist of the USSR (1965). Since 1941 the Turkmen Opera and Ballet Theatre. Annales, the first Roman historians, expounded mainly Roman weather events. The best known are: Quintus Fabius Pictor (3 in. BC. E.), Cato the Elder (2 in. BC. E.). Annales writings come down to us in fragments and in subsequent references to Roman authors. Annals (lat. Annales, from annus - year), Roman and medieval history. In a broad sense - a record of the most significant events over the years. Annam .. 1) the name given to the territory of modern Chinese emperors North. and partly Center. Vietnam, under their domination in the 7-10 centuries. Later was used in European and Chinese literature as the name of the whole country (hence the old name of the country - Annamites) ... 2) the administrative center name. Vietnam (Chungbo) in 1884-1945 under French colonial rule. ANNAMSKIE MOUNTAINS, Vietnam and Laos; cm. Chyongshon. ANNAN (Annan) Kofi Atta (b. 1938), UN Secretary-General (1997), the representative of Ghana. Since the 1960s. held various positions at the United Nations. In 1990 the head of the UN humanitarian mission in Iraq during the Iraq-Kuwait war. The representative of the UN Secretary General in the former Yugoslavia. Since 1995, UN Under Secretary General for Peacekeeping Operations. ANN ARBOR (Ann Arbor), a city in the north of the United States, pcs. Michigan. 110 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Training and Research Center. 2 University, Institute of Science and Technology (space and nuclear research). Manufacture of computers. Annatto (medieval Latin. Annata, from Lat. Annus - year) in the West. Europe Ser. 13 in. One-time fee in favor of the papal treasury to persons receiving the vacant ecclesiastical benefice. By the beginning. 19 in. in most of the states are no longer charged. Anneke (Anneke) Friedrich (1818-72), one of the organizers (1848) Workers' Union of Cologne in Germany, the Prussian artillery officer. Member of the Baden-Palatinate uprising in 1849; Colonel Union Army in the Civil War in the United States 1861-65. ANNEXATION (from Lat. Annexio - accession), the type of aggression, annexation (capture) all or part of the territory of others. State or nation, as well as the forcible retention of nationality within the boundaries of another state. Annelids, the same as annelids. Ivan Annenkov (1802-78), Decembrist, Lieutenant. A member of the Northern Society. Sentenced to 20 years in prison. From 1827 to Nerchinsk mines in 1835-56 in exile in the West. Siberia. Annenkov (Kokin) Nikolai Alexandrovich (b. 1899), Russian actor, People's Artist of the USSR (1960), Hero of Socialist Labor (1990). In 1924 at the Maly Theater. Since 1961 Professor of Theater School. Shchepkina. USSR State Prize (1947, 1948, 1949). Pavel Annenkov (1813-87), the Russian literary critic, memoirist. The representative of aesthetic criticism. Prepared the first scientific edition of the works of Alexander Pushkin (1855-57) and published materials for a biography of the poet (1855). Annenkov Julius Lazarevic (pres. Fam. Soliterman) (b. 1919), the Russian writer. Romanized biography of F. Joliot-Curie (1954), Pablo Neruda (1962). Front-line experience is embodied in the novels "The flag of the destroyer" (1958), "Shturmanok paves the course" (1972) and others. Pieces for musical theater: "Sevastopol Waltz" (1961), "Southern Cross" (1971) and others. Yuri Pavlovich Annenkov (1889-1974), a Russian graphic artist and painter. Distinguishing portraits of writers, artists, politicians, illustrations ("Twelve" Blok, published in 1918). Author of memoirs. Since 1924 abroad. Annenkovo Praskovja Egorovna (Gebl Polina) (1800-76), the wife of the Decembrist IA Annenkov; As the bride, followed him into the Trans-Baikal region in 1828. The author of "Notes". Annensky Innocent Fedorovich (1855-1909), Russian poet. NF Ann's brother. In lyrical poetry (the collection "Cypress Chest" 1910; "Posthumous Poems", 1923) - Tragic tension subtle psychology. Critical articles ("The Book of Reflections", vols. 1-2, 1906-09). Translations in t. H. Tragedies of Euripides. Annensky Nikolai Fedorovich (1843 - 1912), Russian economist, populist publicist. Brother JF Ann's. The employee magazine "Business", "Notes of the Fatherland", "Russian wealth." Head of the County of statistics in a number of provinces. One of the leaders of the "people's rights", "Union of Liberation." The founder of the Popular Socialists. Annecy (Annecy) (Annecy), a city in eastern France, in the Alps, the administrative center of the Haute-Savoie. St. 50 thousand. Residents. Machinery, textile, paper industry. Climatic resort. Annihilation of a pair (from pozdnelat. Annihilatio - destruction, disappearance), one of the types of transformations of elementary particles occurring in a collision with a particle antiparticle. In the annihilation of particle and antiparticle disappear, turning into others. Particles, the number and variety of which are limited by conservation laws. Eg., At low collision energies in the process of annihilation of electron-positron pairs appear photons, and a pair of nucleon-antinucleon - mostly pions. The reverse process of annihilation - the birth of a pair. Annina (Annenfeld), the name of Shamkhor Azerbaijan 1928-37. Anninsky Lev (b. 1934), the Russian critic, essayist, literary critic. Considers the works of literature, cinema, theater, photography and so on. D. As an expression of the spiritual state of society. The book is dedicated multinational Soviet literature ("The kernel nut", 1965, "The Betrothed with the idea of" 1971 - about NA Ostrovsky, "thirties - Seventies", 1977, "Contact", 1982, "Elbows and Wings", 1986) , the history of Russian literature ("Leskov necklace", 1982, "Three heretic", 1988), theater ("Ticket to Paradise", 1988), an adaptation of the classics ("Tolstoy and the cinema", 1980), the national film industry in 1960 -x years. ("The sixties and we", 1990). Annonay (soursop), genus of trees and shrubs in the family Annonaceae. Approx. 110 species in tropical and subtropical America, Africa. Many American species are bred for edible fruit. Abstract (from Lat. Annotatio - note), a brief description of the content of printed or manuscript. Annuity (from medieval Latin. Annuitas - annual payment), the type common in the 17-19 centuries. government loans for which the lender receives income (rents), which included the repayment of principal and payment of interest thereon. Divided into immediate and lifelong. CANCELLATION (cancellation) (from the Latin. Annullo - destroy), cancel, invalidate any act, contract rights or powers. Annunzio Gabriele D'see. D'Annunzio. Anoa (dwarf buffalo), a family of cloven-hoofed animals bovids. The body length of approx. 1.7 m. Horns are short and straight. Inhabit the forests of. Sulawesi. In the past, the object of hunting (meat, skin). Rare in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. ANODE (from the Greek. Anodos - upward movement climbing) electrode RF or electrical device or devices (eg., An electrochemical cell, an electron tube, electrolytic baths), characterized in that the motion of electrons (through the external circuit) it is directed to (to the cathode). ANODIZING (electrochemical oxidation), electrolytic deposition of the oxide film on the surface of metals, alloys and semiconductors. The film protects against corrosion, has insulating properties, provides a good basis for the coatings used for decorative purposes. Anodic-hydraulic metal processing, based on dissolution (electrolysis) and carries the material flow of the electrolyte. It is used for machining of complex configuration (dies, turbine blades, and so on. N.), Engraving and so on. D. Anodic metal machining, based on the simultaneous use of anodic dissolution and mechanical removal of waste products. It is used for cutting, grinding cutting tools, grinding and others. MAGNETIC ANOMALY, deviations of the values of the magnetic field of the Earth from its normal range. Distinguish continental magnetic anomalies (area of 10-100 thousand. Km2, eg. East Siberian), regional (1-10 thousand. Km2) and local (the latter are often associated with the occurrence of iron ore, for example. Krivoy Rog, Kursk). ANOMALY (Gr. Anomalia), deviation from the norm, by general law, is wrong. Anomalous dispersion, see. The dispersion of waves. Anomalous children, children with significant variations in the physical and mental development: intellectual disability (mental retardation, mental retardation), speech, locomotor apparatus, analyzers - visual (blind, blinded, visually impaired), hearing (deaf, deafened, hard of hearing) . By abnormal children are also children with complex defects (deaf-blind, visually impaired, mentally retarded, and others.). Called "primary" disorders cause a number of "secondary" abnormalities in the development of abnormal children; eg., disorders of the musculoskeletal system prevent the material and practical activity, which causes the lag in the development of thinking and so on.. Most abnormal children are educated and trained in the special pre-school and educational institutions, which solved the problem and compensate for a defect correction and social adaptation . Problems of development, training and education of abnormal children are the subject of defectology. Eat before the term "defective children" in modern science does not apply. Abroad abnormal children are included in the category of "children with disabilities", "exceptional children" and others. Anomie (from the French. Anomie - the absence of law, organization), sociological and socio-psychological concept that refers to the moral and psychological state of the individual and social consciousness, which is characterized by the expansion of the system of values caused by the crisis of society, the contradiction between the stated goals and the inability to implement them for the majority. Expressed in human self-alienation, apathy, frustration in life of crime. The concept of anomie introduced Emile Durkheim, anomie theory developed by RK Merton. Anonymous (from the Greek. Anonymos - nameless) .. 1) the author of the letter or essay, concealing his name ... 2) The writing without a name of the author. Anorak (popsicle.), Windproof jacket with a hood. Anorectics (from the Greek. An- - a negative prefix and orexis - appetite), drugs that suppress the appetite. In combination with a diet (calorie reduction) is used in obesity. Anorthite, group mineral feldspar, Ca [Al2Si2O8]. Color gray, pink. The hardness of 6-6.5; density approx. 2.8 g / cm3. Mainly magmatic origin. ANORTHOSITE (Labrador, oligoclase, plagioclase), the common name of the underlying rocks of gabbro group, consisting mainly of plagioclase. Usually bright, holocrystalline. The density of 2700-3000 kg / m3. Building and facing material. Anosmia (from the Greek. An- - a negative prefix and osme - smell), in medicine - the lack of smell; occurs more frequently with anatomical changes in the nasal cavity (inflammation, polyps, and others.), at least in patients with lesions of the olfactory nerve. Anosov Dmitry V. (b. 1936), Russian mathematician, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1992). Proceedings on differential equations, geometry and topology. USSR State Prize (1976). ANOSOV Pavel Petrovich (1799-1851), the Russian metallurgist. Known for his works on high-quality cast steel. Created a new method of its preparation, combining carburizing and melting metal. Opened in the Middle Ages lost the secret of making Damascus steel. Author of the book "On the Bulat" (1841). The first to use a microscope to study the structure of steel (1831). Anopheles, the same as malarial mosquitoes. Anofriev Oleg A. (p .1930), Russian actor, singer, People's Artist of the Russian Federation. In 1954-59 in the Central Children's Theatre, in 1962-73 at the Moscow Academic Theatre. Moscow City Council. Filmed in the movies: "Good luck!" (1957), "Colleagues" (1963), "Peace be canceled" (1983), "The Man from Boulevard des Capucines" (1989), "I want to - fall in love" (1990) and others. The author and performer of songs in many films. Voiced many characters cartoons ("The Bremen Town Musicians", 1969, "How cub and tortoise sang", 1970 et al.). Anophthalmia (from the Greek. An- - a negative prefix and ophthalmos - eye), congenital absence or loss of one or both eyes. ANOKHIN Pyotr Kuzmich (1898-1974), a Russian physiologist, academician of the USSR (1966) and Academy of Medical Sciences (1945). Fundamental works on neurophysiology - conditioned reflex mechanisms and internal inhibition ontogeny of the nervous system and others. He studied the activity of the whole organism on the basis of his theory of functional systems (since 1935), which contributed to the development of a systematic approach in biology and cybernetics. Lenin Prize (1972). Anokhin Sergey Nikolaevich (1910-86), Distinguished Test Pilot of the USSR (1959), Colonel, Hero of the Soviet Union (1953), Honored Master of Sports (1950). Testing of a number of experienced fighters, MiG-19 taking off from a catapult glider flutter to failure. USSR State Prize (1953). Anrep Gleb Vasilyevich (1889-1955), a Russian physiologist. In 1920 he emigrated to the United Kingdom. From 1931 until his death he headed the department of physiology at the University of Cairo (Egypt). Works in the field of higher nervous activity, the physiology of digestion and circulation. Member of the Royal Society of London (1928). Henriot (Hanriot) Francois (1761-94), leader of the French Revolution, a Jacobin, one of the leaders of the uprising in 1793, which led to the establishment of the Jacobin dictatorship. Thermidorians executed. ANSA (ANSA - Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata), the Italian news agency, Rome. Founded in 1945, the owners of the Italian newspaper and magazine publishers. ENSEMBLE (fr. Ensemble - the totality, harmonious whole) .. 1) in the performing arts orchestration of all components of the performance, subordinate to a single concept ... 2) A group of artists, serving as a single artistic team ... 3) musical works for several performers (duet, trio and others.) ... 4) In architecture and urban planning - a harmonious unity of the spatial composition, including buildings, engineering structures (bridges, embankments, etc..) and green spaces. In the composition of the architectural ensemble often included works of various types of fine art (see. Synthesis of the Arts). Folk Dance Ensemble under the direction and. A. Moses, the largest dance team, established in 1937 in Moscow; 1965 Academic. Performs dances of the peoples of the world. Sukhishvili Georgian National Ballet, choreographic collective, founded in 1945 in Tbilisi N. Ramishvili and S. I. Sukhishvili; 1971 Academic Since 1985, the artistic director of Ramishvili and TI Sukhishvili. Song and Dance Ensemble twice Soviet Army. Alexandrov, the largest army art group, founded in 1928 in Moscow; 1978 Academic. Founder and artistic director - AV Alexandrov, in 1946-86 artistic director - BA Alexandrov, 1987 - IG Agafonnikov. ANSARI Abu Ismail (1006-88), novelist and poet of Persian Sufi (see. Sufism). Works in Persian, written in rhymed prose. Translated (from Arabic) and supplemented works Sulami (d. 1021) "Bits of the Sufis," affected the "hagiographic" Sufi literature. Ansgar (801-865), a Christian missionary, "the Apostle of the North", a Benedictine monk, bishop; preached in Germany, Denmark, Sweden. Memory in the Catholic Church on February 3. Ancel (Ancel) Mark (1902-90), a French lawyer, member of the Institute of France, a specialist in criminal law, criminology, Comparative Law. President of the International Association of Law (1965-68); Foreign Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1982). Anselm (Anselm) Canterbury (1033-1109), theologian and philosopher, representative of early scholasticism Augustinian direction, church leader, led the fight for the independence of the Church against the kings of England. Developed t. N. ontological proof of God's existence, bringing the existence of God from the very concept of God. Seen in the faith premise of rational knowledge: "I believe in order to understand." Anselmo (Anselmi), Giuseppe (1876-1929), Italian singer (tenor), a representative of the art of bel canto. Repeatedly (since 1904) has toured in Russia. Ansermet (Ansermet), Ernest (1883-1969), Swiss conductor. Music director of "Russian Ballet Sergei Diaghilev" (1915-23), the organizer (1918) and Head of Orchestre de la Suisse Romande. Author of musical works and books about music. Ansimov George P. (b. 1922), the Russian director of opera and operetta, People's Artist of the USSR (1986). In 1955-64 and since 1980 the director of the Bolshoi Theatre, in 1964-75 the chief director of the Moscow Operetta Theater. Anzoategui (Anzoategui), a state in northeastern Venezuela. 43.3 thousand. Km2. The population of 924 thousand. People (1990). Adm. c. - Barcelona. ANSYR measure mass (weight) in Russia 16-17 centuries. Originally ansyr 1 = 128 spool (Bukhara ansyr), with Ser. 17 in. Ansyr 1 = 96 = 1 large Spools grivenka = 1 pound. ANSEYSKIE agreement, concluding in 1854-58 United States, Britain, Russia, France, the Netherlands and Japan during the Ansei (the official name of the reign of Emperor Komei's). Put an end to more than two centuries of isolation of Japan from the outside world. Established free trade foreign merchants in some ports and cities of Japan. Revised in 1894-99. ANT, the common name of the aircraft, developed in 1922-42 under the direction of the aircraft Tupolev. In 1940-70-ies. aircraft Tupolev Tu called. Entablature (fr. Entablement), the upper part of the structure, usually lying on the pillars, an integral element of architectural order; member on the architrave, frieze, cornice. ANTAGONISM (from the Greek. Antagonisma - dispute, fighting), a contradiction, characterized by acute struggle of hostile forces and trends. Antagonists in the anatomy and physiology - muscles acting at the same time (or alternately) in two opposite directions (eg., The muscles - flexors and extensors of extremities); opposing teeth of the upper and lower jaws. Antadze Isaac (Dodo) K. (1900-78), director, actor, People's Artist of the USSR (1971). Headed the major theaters of Georgia, t. H. The Georgian Theatre. Mardzhanishvili and Russian Theatre. Griboyedov. Antakya (Antakya), a city in southern Turkey, administrative center il Hatay. 124 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Food and textile industry. Antakya (ancient Antioch) was founded in 300 BC. e .; the capital of the Seleucid empire. Monument of the Hellenistic architecture. Antall (Antall) Jozsef (1932-93), Prime Minister of Hungary since 1990. Chairman of the Party of the Hungarian Democratic Forum since 1989. ANTALYA (Antalya), city and port in the south of Turkey, administrative center of Antalya il. 378 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Metallurgy, textile mills, ship repair. ANTANANARIVO (Antananarivo) (Tananarive), the capital of Madagascar, the administrative center prov. Antananarivo. 802 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). International Airport. Flavoring, leather and footwear, chemical, wood processing enterprises. University. Founded in the 1st floor. 17 in. Until the end. 19 in. residence of the kings of Madagascar. In 1890-1960-ies. the administrative center of the French possession of Madagascar. Since June 1960 the capital of the Malagasy Republic, from December 1975 - Democratic Republic of Madagascar.

FRIEDRICH WILHELM NIETZSCHE / ФРИДРИХ ВИЛЬГЕЛЬМ НИЦШЕ

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