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Anglo-French agreement in 1904, on colonial issues (about the "rights" of Great Britain in Egypt, France, Morocco and others.). Together with the Franco-Russian alliance 1891-93 and the Anglo-Russian agreement of 1907 was the basis of the Entente. Anglo-Japanese alliance, concluded 30.01.1902; directed against Russia and was aimed at strengthening the rule of allies in China and Korea. Based on the Anglo-Japanese alliance, Japan launched a Russian-Japanese war of 1904-05. At the Washington Conference of 1921-22 Anglo-Japanese alliance agreement replaced the United States, Britain, France and Japan. England, a Germanic tribe. Lived in the south of Jutland Peninsula. In the 5-6 centuries. parts of England participated in the Anglo-Saxon conquest of Britain; on their behalf is called England. Daub (French. Engobe), a coating of white or colored clay, applied to the ceramic article (before roasting) to remove surface imperfections and give it some color. Angrboða (al., ISL. Sulyayev Mount), a giantess in Norse mythology, which spawned three chthonic monsters - Fernira wolf, snake Ermunganda and ruler of the kingdom of the dead Hel. Angren, city (1946) in Uzbekistan, Tashkenskaya region., At p. Akhangaran. Railway station. 132.6 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Center lignite mining. Plants: Chemical-Metallurgical, nitrogen fertilizer; manufacture of rubber products. 2 Power Plant. Pedagogical Institute. Historical museum. Angren deposit coal in Uzbekistan. Developed since 1940. The area of 70 km2. Jurassic coal-bearing deposits. Powerful (40-150 m) deposits of brown coal. Balance reserves to a depth of 860 m - 1.9 billion. M. Coal and peat, brand B2. Calorific value of 13.9 MJ / kg. Extraction of 6.4 million. Tons (1990). ANGSTREM (denoted by A), off-system unit of length, 1 A = 10-10 m = 8.10 cm = 0.1 nm, introduced by A. Angstrom J. (1868), used in optics, atomic physics, solid state physics, etc. . ANGSTREM (Ongstrem), Swedish scientists, father, son and grandson: .. 1) Andres Jonas (1814-74), physicist and astronomer, one of the founders of spectral analysis ... 2) Knut Johan (1857-1910), a geophysicist created a compensation pyrheliometer and pyrgeometer ... 3) Anders Knutsson (p. 1888), a geophysicist, created a pyranometer, investigated changes in the solar constant and solar activity. Angouleme (Angouleme), a city in western France, on the river. Charente, Charente department administrative center and the main city of the historical region of Angoumois. Approx. 100 thousand. Residents. Machinery, paper, printing, pottery industry; brewing. Late Romanesque Cathedral of Saint-Pierre (1st floor. 12 in.) With 6 domes and sculptural decoration. Angoumois (Angoumois), a historical region in France. 6.1 thousand. Km2. The population of 350 t. H. The main town - Angouleme. On the territory of Angoumois - Charente department and partly Dordogne. Angus, in Irish mythology powerful wizard-seed, has the ability to invisibly become airborne and can be hidden items that he closed the hollow of his cloak. Andalib Nurmukhamed Gharib (c. 1712-80), the Turkmen poet. Romantic epics ("Layla and Majnun"), poems ("Nesimi" - an Azerbaijani poet, legendary and historical "Oguzname"); poetic story "Melike Mehrinigar." Andalucia, mineral silicates subclass island, Al2SiO5. The hardness of 6.5-7.5; the density of 3.1-3.2 g / cm3. Gray, yellow and others. Crystals and their aggregates in metamorphic rocks. Raw materials for high-alumina refractories and tonkokeramicheskih products. Andalusia (Andalucia), an autonomous region in southern Spain. 87.3 thousand. Km2. The population of 7 million. People (1992). Adm. c. - Sevilla. Includes provinces: Almería, Granada, Cadiz, Cordoba, Malaga, Seville, Huelva, Jaen. Baetic Depression, southern Spain, mainly in the basin. Guadalquivir. Thickets of Mediterranean shrubs. Citrus groves, olive trees, vineyards; grain crops. Major cities - Seville, Cordoba, Cadiz. Andalusian mountains (Baetic System), a mountain system in the south of Spain. Length approx. 630 km, height up to 3478 m (Mt. Mulhacen). Deciduous forest and Mediterranean shrubs. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India, on the same island. 8.3 thousand. Km2. The population of 279 thousand. People (1991). Adm. c. - Port Blair. Andaman Islands in the Indian approx. Between Bengal hall. and the Andaman m., part of the territory of India. St. 6 th. Km2. Surrounded by coral reefs. Height up to 732 m. Tropical monsoon forest. The Andaman Islands - Port Blair. Andaman Sea, Indian c., Between the mainland of Asia, chain Andaman and Nicobar Islands and about. Sumatra. 605 thousand. Km2, depth up to 4507 m. The main ports: Yangon, Georgetown. Andamanese, the indigenous people of the Andaman Islands (India). Number of approx. 100 people. Languages form an isolated family. Andamanese stick mostly traditional beliefs. Andante (ital. Andante, letters. - Walking pace), in music - .. 1) a moderate pace, step corresponds to a quiet ... 2) The name of the product or part of the sonata cycle (usually 2nd) in the andante tempo. Andantino (ital. Andantino, reduce. From andante), in music - .. 1) pace, more lively than andante ... 2) The name of the product or part of the cycle at a pace Andantino. Andvari (al., ISL. Caution), dwarf in Norse mythology, the keeper of the golden treasure. Known for the song "Elder Edda" "Speech Regina" and "Speech Fafnir." Andghuladze Yasonovich David (1895-1973), Georgian singer (dramatic tenor), People's Artist of the USSR (1950). Since 1929 in the Tbilisi Opera and Ballet Theatre. Professor of the Tbilisi Conservatory (1958). USSR State Prize (1947). UNDERGROUND (underground) (Eng. Underground letters. Underground), art direction in contemporary art (music, literature, film, visual arts, and others.). For underground characterized by a break with the dominant ideology, the rejection of common values, norms of social and artistic traditions, often outrageous public rebellion. Underground appears in the 2nd floor. 20 in., As a rule, in the countries where the art is subject to ideology. Andesite, effusive average rock composed mainly of plagioclase, augite, and others. Minerals and volcanic glass. Porphyritic structure or aphyric. The density of 2280-2680 kg / m3. Together with basalt forms the bulk of extrusive rocks in the field of ancient and modern volcanism. Acid-resistant material, building stone. ANDERS (Anders), William (b. 1933), US astronaut, Master of Science, retired Air Force Maj. The first flight to the Moon with access to a lunar orbit on "Apollo 8" (December 1968). ANDERSEN (Andersen) Hans Christian (1805-75), Danish writer. Worldwide fame brought him stories, which combine romance and realism, fantasy and humor, satirical beginning with irony. Based on folklore ("Flint"), imbued with humanism, lyricism and humor ("The Steadfast Tin Soldier", "The Ugly Duckling", "The Little Mermaid", "The Snow Queen"), tales condemn social inequality, selfishness, greed, complacency of the powerful ("Emperor's New Clothes"). Poems, plays, novels ("improviser" 1835; "Only violinist", 1837), an autobiography "A Tale of My Life" (1846). Andersen Nexo Martin (pres. Fam. Andersen, pseudo. Nexo) (1869-1954), Danish writer. Novels: "Pelle the Conqueror" (1906-10), "Ditte - Children of Men" (1917-21), unfinished trilogy "Morten Red" (1945-48), short stories, essays about the Danish labor movement. The cycle of stories "Memories" (1932-39). ANDERSON (Andersson) Dan (1888-1920), Swedish writer. Stories, autobiographical film series "Three homeless" (1918) and "The legacy of David Ramm" (1919), poems about the workers. Anderson (Anderson) Charles David (1905-91), American physicist. Opened positrons in cosmic rays (1932) and muons (1936). Nobel Prize (1936). Marian Anderson (1902-93), African-American singer (contralto). In 1925-65 appeared in concerts in 1955 she made her debut as an opera singer on the stage, "the Metropolitan Opera." She has toured in many countries (in the USSR in 1934-35). Philip Anderson (b. 1923), American physicist. Works on the quantum theory of solids. Nobel Prize (1977, together with John. Van Vleck and N. Mott). Sherwood Anderson (1876-1941), American writer. Collections psychological novels "Winesburg, Ohio" (1919), "The Triumph of eggs" (1921), "Horses and People" (1923) about the spiritual squalid backwater where things suppress human. Novels, autobiographical works. Anders (Andersch) Alfred (1914-80), German writer (since 1958 in Switzerland). Was influenced by existentialism. Socio-critical novels "Zanzibar, or final reason" (1957), "Ephraim" (1967), "Winterspelt" (1974). Anjali Anton I. (1892-1974), a Russian artist, master of the art of makeup. In 1925-27 the studio "State Committee for Cinematography", then on "thumbnail", from 1945 on "Mosfilm". Created Grima historical characters in many movies. USSR State Prize (1949). Andzhaparidze Vera (Veriko) Ivlianovna (1897-1987), a Georgian actress, People's Artist of the USSR (1950), Hero of Socialist Labor (1979). Since 1938 in the Georgian Theater. Mardzhanishvili. Acted tragical and dramatic roles: Ophelia ("Hamlet" by William Shakespeare, 1925), Jawara ("Exile" Vaja Pshavela, 1945), Mary Stuart ("Mary Stuart" Schiller, 1955). Since 1923 he starred in the movie. USSR State Prize (1943, 1946, 1952). Andzhaparidze Zurab I. (b. 1928), Georgian singer (lyric-dramatic tenor), People's Artist of the USSR (1966). In 1952-59 and since 1970 in the Tbilisi Opera and Ballet Theatre (in 1979-82 Director), in 1959-70 at the Bolshoi Theatre. Andrzejewski (Andrzejewski) Hedgehogs (1909-83), Polish writer. The novel "Ashes and Diamonds" (1948) reflected the severity of the class struggle in post-war Poland. The novel "cometh leaping upon the mountains" (1963) - a parody of the modern Western society; novel "hash" (1981) about the fate of modern intellectuals. Stories, novels. Angelica (Angelico) (Fra Giovanni da actually Fiesole, Fra Giovanni da Fiesole) (nicknamed Angelico) (c. 1400-55), Italian painter. The representative of the Early Renaissance. Religious and contemplative art Angelico permeated light naive lyricism, colorful mythical (frescoes of the monastery of San Marco in Florence, 1438-45). ANDZHETI, in Egyptian mythology, god of the Old Kingdom - the patron of Busiris, depicted as a man with two feathers on his head, his staff and his whip. Andiev Exiled Petrovic (b. 1952), the Russian sportsman, Honored Master of Sports (1973). Olympic champion (1976, 1980), the world (1973, 1975-78), Europe (1974-75, 1982) and the USSR (1973-78) in freestyle wrestling. Andijan, a city in Uzbekistan, the center of Andijan region. Railway junction. 298.3 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Engineering (electrical, irrigation equipment), light (cotton ginning, cotton, footwear, knitwear, clothing), food processing industry; hydrolysis plant. 4 university. 2 theater. Known since 9. called Andukan, 1876 in the Russian Empire. Andijan region of Uzbekistan, in the eastern part of the Fergana Valley. 4.2 thousand. Km2. Population 1,839 thous. People (1992). Adm. c. - Andijan. Andijan uprising, anti-colonial movement of peasants in the Fergana region. in May 1898 (2 thousand. members). The local nobility and the clergy under the slogan gazavat tried to use the Andijan uprising to restore the Kokand Khanate. Suppressed by the tsarist government. Andean ridge in the north-eastern part of the Greater Caucasus, on the left bank of the river. Andean Koisu. Length approx. 60 km. Height up to 2736 m. Andi languages, see. Dagestan languages. Andi (self - Andal), the people in the Russian Federation in Dagestan. Number of approx. 30 thous. People (1992). Andean language. Believers - Sunni Muslims. ANDO Seeki (c. 1700 - c. 1760), the Japanese thinker, atheist. Criticized the social order in Japan, depicted a society without private property and exploitation. ANDO (Ando) Tadao (p .1931), a Japanese architect. Private houses made of concrete, with high fences and patios, inscribed in dense urban areas; in their buildings seeking special open interior space, specially building the interior lighting (Kosik house in Osaka, 1981). Andokides, Greek potter and vazopisets 2nd floor. 6. BC. e. The name is associated Andokides transition from black-figure vase painting in red-technique (amphora "Feasting Hercules"). Andokides MASTER (worked 530-515 / 10 BC. E.) Vazopisets, who worked at a potter Andokides, one of the first to work in the red-figure style (Hercules on Olympus, c. 530 BC. E.). Andoma sublime, in the north-west of the East European Plain, in the Vologda region. and Karelia. Height up to 293 m. Hilly moraine relief. Andorra (Catalan., App. Andorra, French. Andorre), the Principality of Andorra (Catalan. Principat d'Andorra, Spanish. Principado de'Andorra, French. Principaute d'Andorre), a state in southwestern Europe, in East. Pyrenees, in the valley. Valeera (bass. P. Ebro). 468 km2. The population of 61.9 thousand. People (1993), in Vol. H. 11 thousand. Andortsev. Official language - Catalan. Believers - Catholics. Administrative divisions: 7 communities. Capital - Andorra la Vella. Head of state - the president of France and the Bishop of Urgel. Legislature - the General Council. For the first time the name is mentioned in Andorra 805 documents of the bishopric of Urgell (Spain). Since 1278 Andorra was under the joint authority of the French and the Spanish bishop of Seo de Urgell. In 1993 adopted the first Constitution of Andorra, Andorra proclaimed a sovereign state. The basis of the economy - serving foreign tourists. (St. 10 million. People annually). International Finance Centre. Flavoring industry, light industry. Grazing, mostly sheep. French and Spanish currency. Andorra la Vella (Andorra la Vella), the capital of Andorra. 20.4 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Manufacture of tobacco products, and various souvenirs. Founded in the beginning. 9. Church of Sts. Armengolya (11-12 cc.), The seat of government, "House of the valleys" (16 in.). ANDO-Tsez peoples (Ando-Dido peoples), a group of people in the Russian Federation, in the west of Dagestan - Andi, Akhvakh people, Bagvalal people, Botlikh people, Godoberi people, carotene, Tyndall Chamalal people, tsezy (Tsez people) bezhtiny, gunzebtsy, Hinukh people, Khwarshi people. Languages Dagestani branch. Believers - Sunni Muslims. ANDO Equatorial LANGUAGES macrofamily language families and isolated South Indian languages. America (according to the classification of the American linguist George. Greenberg). Includes: .. 1) Andean languages, in Vol. H. Family Quechua-Aymara, the southern group (Yagan, Alacalufe people, chon, Araucanian languages) Zaparoan languages, Leko, Simakov; .. 2) Jivaro (Shuar people) -kandoshi, Esmeralda kofskie, yaruro languages et al.; .. 3) Tukan family (toucan, Katukína Language et al.) and puinave; .. 4) equatorial family (Arawakan languages, a group of Tupi-Guarani, Timothy, useful, samuko, and Salives et al.). Andrassy (Andrassy) Gyula Senior (1823-90), Count, a member of the Revolution of 1848-49 in Hungary, 1867-71 Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Hungary, 1871-79, Foreign Minister of Austria-Hungary. Andre (Andre) Carl (p .1935), American sculptor, sculpture - created t. N. minimalist direction. Builds his compositions, many times repeating one basic geometric shapes. ANDRE (Andree) Salomon August (1854-97), Swedish engineer, Arctic explorer. In 1897 a balloon "Eagle" with 2 satellites flew from Svalbard to the North Pole; all members of the expedition were killed. The remnants of the expedition found in 1930 on the island. White. Andrea del Sarto (Andrea del Sarto) (1486-1530), Italian painter. The representative of the Florentine school of the High Renaissance. Monumental, majestic altarpieces ("Madonna of the Harpies", 1517), the Florentine fresco cycles in the monasteries. Andreapol, city (1967) in the Russian Federation, Tver region., At p. Zap. Dvina. Railway station. 9.6 thousand. Residents (1992). Porcelain Factory. Andre (Andree) Johann Valentin (1586-1654), a German occult thinker and writer. Close to the Rosicrucians. Religious mysteries and utopia "Fama fraternitatis" (1614), "Fortress of Christ, or the description of the republic Hristianopol" (1619) and others. Alexander Andreev Ignatievich (1887-1959), Russian historian, archaeographer, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor. Proceedings on Diplomatique, the history of the Russian North, source Siberia, historical geography, the history of Russian science. Andreev Alexander F. (b. 1939), the Russian physicist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1987). Proceedings on Low Temperature Physics. Developed a theory of dynamic intermediate state of superconductors, quantum crystals, predicted the phenomenon of quantum diffusion and others. Lenin Prize (1986). Andrey Andreyevich (1895-1971), politician. In 1924-25 Secretary of the Communist Party. Since 1930 the chairman of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b), the USSR People's Commissar of RCTs and deputy chairman of SNK. Since 1931 the People's Commissar of Railways. Since 1935 Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b); simultaneously in 1943-46 Commissar of Agriculture of the USSR, in 1939-52 chairman of the CPC with the CPSU (b). Member of the Party Central Committee in 1920-21, 1922-61; member of the Politburo of the CPSU (b) in 1932-52. Andreev Boris Fedorovich (1915-82), the Russian actor, People's Artist of the USSR (1962). His characters are endowed with spiritual breadth, strength, good humor ("tractor", "Great Life", "Two Soldiers," "The Tale of Siberian Land", "Kuban Cossacks"). More psychologically complex characters in the film "Cruelty", "Optimistic Tragedy" and others. USSR State Prize (1948, 1950). Andreev Vadim Leonidovich (1902-76), the Russian writer. Son LN Andreev. After 1917, remained with his father in Finland. Then lived in Switzerland. Collections of poetry: "Lead Time" (1924), "Illness Being" (1928), "Second Wind" (1950); poem "Rise of the Stars" (1932). Autobiographical novel "Childhood" (1963), "The Story of a journey" (1966), "Return to Life" (1969), "Twenty Years" (1974); novel "Wild Field" (1965) and others. Andreev Vasily Vasilyevich (1861-1918), a Russian musician who plays the balalaika. Organizer and leader of the first Russian Folk Orchestra (1888, 1896 - Great Russian Orchestra). Andreev Victor S. (1905-88), a Russian architect, People's Architect of the USSR (1978). Worked in Moscow: office building on the street. Gorky (Tver, 1949), the Embassy of Czechoslovakia (1952-54) and China (1956-59); planning and development of residential areas Medvedkovo Sviblovo (head). USSR State Prize (1950). Vladimir A. Andreev (b. 1935), the Russian actor, director, People's Artist of the USSR (1985). Since 1952 in the Theater. Yermolova (in 1970-85 chief director, artistic director since 1990). In 1985-88 the chief director of the Maly Theater. Professor of the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts (GITIS until 1991; 1978). Daniel Andreev Leonidovich (1906-59), Russian poet, mystic, visionary. Son LN Andreev. In early poetry - suspense disasters looming on Russia. In the years of political prisoners (1947-57) wrote a poem (included in "poetic ensemble" "Russian gods", 1989), documenting his mystical contemplation "worlds of enlightenment" and "worlds of revenge", and the treatise "Rose of the World" (published 1991) - knowledge and experience metahistorical plan of salvation of mankind by joint efforts of world religions - Rose petals united. Poetic drama "Iron mystery" (published 1990). Evgeny Andreev (b. 1926), a skydiver test, Hero of the Soviet Union (1962). Experienced parachute systems, space suits and others. Means. In 1962 the world's only run, jump from a height of 25.5 km. Andreev Ivan Ivanovich (1880-1919), the Russian chemical engineer. First developed (1915) and implemented (1917) in the plant-wide process for the preparation of nitric acid by catalytic oxidation of ammonia. Andreev Leo (b. 1931), the Russian immunologist plants, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1984). Basic research on the physiology of plants and pathogenic relationships of organisms. Andreev Leonid G. (b. 1922), the Russian literary critic. Professor of Moscow State University (1969). Major works are devoted to the French and Belgian literature of the 20th century. Books: "French literature 1917-1956 gg." (1959), "Marcel Proust" (1968), "Surrealism" (1972), "The modern literature of France. 60s." (1977) and others. Leonid Andreev (1871-1919), Russian writer. Early stories were democratic and realistic character ("Bargamot and Garaska", 1898). Sympathizing with the revolutionaries ("The Seven Who Were Hanged", 1908), depicted the revolution as a spontaneous rebellion ("Sawa", 1906); crisis of religious consciousness - in the novel "Life of Basil Thebes" (1904); madness and horror of war - in the story "The Red Laugh" (1905). Along with domestic drama "Days of Our Lives" (1908) - philosophical and allegorical tragedy ("The Life of Man", 1907; "Anathema", 1908). Andreev Mikhail Stepanovich (1873-1948), Russian ethnographer and linguist, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1929), Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan (1943). Writings on life, folk art, traditional beliefs Tajiks; on the East Iranian languages. Andreev Nikolai Andreyevich (1873-1932), a Russian sculptor, Honored Artist of Russia (1931). Monuments Gogol (1904-09), AI Herzen and NP Ogarev (1918-22), Ostrovsky (1924-29) - all in Moscow. A series of sculptures (approx. 100) and graphic portraits of Lenin, based on sketches from nature. Andreev Nikolai Nikolaevich (1880-1970), Russian physicist, founder of the national scientific school on Acoustics, Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1953), Hero of Socialist Labor (1970). Proceedings on the propagation of sound and others. Issues of physical and technical acoustics. Andrei Pavel Z. (1874-1950), Russian singer (bass-baritone), People's Artist of the USSR (1939). In 1909-48 in Leningrad (Mariinsky) Opera and Ballet Theatre. Professor at the Leningrad Conservatory (1926). Andreev Yuri A. (b. 1930), the Russian literary critic, essayist, Doctor of Philology (1973). The main area of interest - the history and theory of Soviet literature, modern literary process. Books: "The Russian Soviet historical novel: 20-30s" (1962), "Revolution and Literature. Displaying October and the Civil War in Soviet Russian literature and the emergence of socialist realism (20-30-ies.)" (1969) "Our life, our literature" (1974), "The movement of realism" (1978), "The Magic vision. The specificity of literature in modern refractions" (1983), "Soviet literature: Its history, Theory, and the current state of global significance" (1988), and others. Andreeva (pres. fam. Yurkovskaya) Maria Feodorovna (1868-1953), Russian actress. On the scene since 1886, in 1898-1905 at the Moscow Art Theatre. Game characterized by grace, lyricism: Rautendeleyn ("sunken bell" G. Hauptmann, 1898), Natasha ("The Lower Depths" Gorky, 1902) and others. Civil wife of Maxim Gorky. Participated with Gorky and AA Blok in the creation of the Bolshoi Drama Theater (Petrograd, 1919), until 1926 this theater actress. Publisher of the Bolshevik newspaper "New Life" (1905). Commissioner theaters and circuses in Petrograd (1918-21). In 1931-48 director of the Moscow House of Scientists. Andrea BURLAK Vasily Nikolaevich (1843-88), Russian actor. On stage with 1868. One of the organizers of the "First Russian partnership actors" (1883). Master the art of reading. ANDREEVICH Coon George (1904-64), a Serbian painter and graphic artist. Founder of socio-critical areas in the Serbian art 30s. Member of the Spanish Civil War of 1936-39, the National Liberation Struggle in Yugoslavia 1941-45. Cycles of Prints and Drawings ("Red Gold", 1934; "Partisans", 1941-45); portraits, images of the common people. ANDREEVSKIY Ivan E. (1831-91), a Russian lawyer, Professor (since 1864) and Rector (1883-87), St. Petersburg State University. In 1890-91 editor in chief of "Encyclopedic Dictionary" Brockhaus and Efron. Works on the history of public law, in Vol. H. On the history of ancient Novgorod. ANDREEVSKIY Monastery (Transfiguration), male, in Moscow, on the right bank of the river. Moscow, at the Sparrow Hills. Founded in 1648 by FM Rtishchev. Academic brotherhood of monks (Epiphany Slavinetsky et al.) And the College. Abolished in the 18th century. Architectural monument of 17-18 centuries. ANDREEVSKIY Sergei A. (1847-1918), a Russian lawyer. Since 1869 judicial activist. In 1878, the prosecutor refused to speak on the case Zasulich, dismissed. Lyric poems, sketches about Russian writers. St. Andrew's flag, ensign ships of the Russian Navy, White (1865) with diagonal blue cross (t. N. The cross of St. Andrew); established in 1699 by Peter I. Andreescu (Andreescu) Jon (1850-82), Romanian painter. Portraits of peasants and national landscapes in the spirit of the Barbizon school differ lyricism, subtlety of color. ANDREW Alexandria (d. C. 250), the name of each of the two Christian martyrs who suffered in Alexandria in the persecution of Emperor Decius. Memory in the Orthodox Church, 6 (19) of September. Andrew Bogolyubskii (c. 1111-74), Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal (from 1157), son of Yuri Dolgoruky. Made the capital city of Vladimir. Killed by the boyars in his residence with. Bogoljubovo. * * * Andrey Bogolyubsky (about 1111 - June 29 1174), Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal and Grand Prince of Kiev (from 1157). The eldest son of Yuri Dolgoruky and the daughter of the Polovtsian Khan Aepa. Married first marriage to the daughter of the first owner of Moscow Stefan Ivanovich piles, and the second on the prisoner brought from a campaign in 1164 on the Volga-Kama Bulgaria. Children, apparently not imel.Nachalo reign In 1149 Andrew received from his father in content Toompea, but a year later was transferred to the western Russian lands, where the city held Turov, Pinsk and Peresopnitsu. In 1151 he was with the consent of the father returned to his native land of Suzdal, where, apparently, had the lot (Vladimir-on-Klyazma). In 1155 he was transferred to the newly Toompea, where, contrary to the will of his father fled to Vladimir-Zaleski, took with him an icon of the Mother of God, written, according to legend, St. Luke (the image of Our Lady of Vladimir) After the death of Yuri Dolgoruky in 1157 Andrew inherited the throne of Kiev, but in Kiev, despite the custom did not go live. At the same time he was elected prince of Rostov, Suzdal and Vladimir. Based on their "milostnikov" (servants), in 1162 Andrew drove out of the limits of the Rostov-Suzdal not only their relatives, but also his father's retinue. At the same time he moved the capital from Suzdal to Vladimir and his residence - in Bogoljubovo on the Nerl (for which he received his nickname). Relationship with the church about 1160 Andrew made the first attempt in the history of Russia Russian church divided into two metropolitan. He asked the Patriarch of Constantinople to establish a second metropolitan Vladimir independent of Kiev, but this request was rejected. In 1168 Andrew sends Suzdal abbot Theodore on the largest cathedral in Kiev in order to achieve the displacement of Metropolitan Constantine. Not finding support among the Russian bishops, Theodore went to Constantinople, hoping to persuade the Patriarch designate Metropolitan himself, but made only placing Rostov bishop. In 1169 Andrew Bogolyubsky conflict with quarrelsome and ambitious Theodore, which ended with the Prince Bishop issued at the Metropolitan Court in Kiev, where Theodore was executed on charges of eresi.Kultura when Andrew Bogoliubsky During his reign in Vladimir and suburbs of a widespread construction: in 1164 were built the Golden Gate (like Kiev, Constantinople and Jerusalem), the town castle Bogoljubovo, as well as a number of churches, in Vol. h. the famous Cathedral of the Assumption (1158-61), the Intercession on the Nerl (1165) Nativity of the Virgin in the Bogolyubov (1158-65). According to some researchers, Andrew Bogolyubskii sought to free himself from Byzantine influence in Russia. He, in particular, invited for the construction of Vladimir Church of Western architects. The trend toward greater cultural autonomy can be traced to introduce them to the new Russia holidays not taken in Byzantium. At the initiative of the prince were established holidays Saviour (August 1), and of the Holy Virgin (October 1) .In the night of 29 on June 30, 1174 Andrew was killed in Bogolyubov group of conspirators of his entourage. Initially, he was buried in the Vladimir church of the Assumption; later the remains were repeatedly postponed. In 1934 Andrew Bogolyubski burial were examined and identified by archaeologists and anthropologists; the skull found in the burial, sculptor and anthropologist Mikhail Gerasimov was able to recreate a unique sculptural portrait knyazya.Literatura: Prince Andrew M. Pogodin Bogolyubskii // Journal of the Ministry of Education. 1849. Ch 14.Voronin NN Bogolyubskii Andrew and Luke Hrizoverg: From the history of Russian-Byzantine relations XII century. // Byzantine Annals. M., 1962. T. 21.Povest about the murder of Andrew Bogolyubski / Prepare. Text, trans. and comments. Kolesov VV // Monuments of Ancient Rus literature: XII century. M .: artist. Lighted., 1980. S. 324-337.Kostomarov NI Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii // Kostomarov NI Russian history in the lives of its principal figures. M .: Book, 1990. Pr. 1. S. 71-96.Danilevsky I. "Although samovlastets be alone ..." // Knowledge is power, 1993. № 6.I. N. Danilevsky Andrei Ivanovich (1490-1537), Staritskiy feudal prince, the youngest son of Ivan III. In 1537 rebelled against Elena Glinsky. Died in zaklyuchenii.ANDREY chaplain, French writer 12. Imbued with Neo-Platonic motifs treatise "On Love" (1184-86), influenced the lyrics of the troubadours and poets "sweet new style" (see. "Dolce Stil Novo"), Dante and Petrarch FA. Andrew of Crete (c. 660-740), the Christian preacher, Archbishop of. Crete. Author of many hymns, chants, omily and repent "Great Canon" (approx. 250 troparia) annually readable in the Orthodox Church during Lent. July 4. Andrei of Polotsk (1325-99), a Russian prince, the son of Grand Duke of Lithuania Algirdas. Reigned in Pskov, Polotsk. Member of the Battle of Kulikov and campaigns against the Livonian Order. Fought for Lithuanian throne. Served as Grand Duke Vytautas. Was killed in battle with the Tatars. Andrew, the apostle to the church legend, one of the first (hence the title) and the closest disciples of Christ. Russian chronicles called it the first preacher of Christianity in the Dnieper and Ilmen. Was the patron of the country in Russia and Scotland. According to legend, was crucified in Greece on the oblique cross - t. N. the cross of St. Andrew, who became familiar Order of St. Andrew, as well as placed on the naval flag of St. Andrew. ANDREW Syracuse (d. C. 886), the Christian martyr killed by the Muslim Arabs in Africa. Memory in the Orthodox Church on September 23 (October 6). ANDREW Ephesus (d. 730 or 735), presbyter, the martyr, the victim in the iconoclastic persecution of emperor Leo III Isaurian. Memory in the Orthodox Church on September 21 (October 4). Andrey (Andreiko) Andris (1942-76), Latvian athlete, International Grandmaster (1966). World champion (1968-72), the Soviet Union (8 times in 1961-76) international drafts.
FRIEDRICH WILHELM NIETZSCHE / ФРИДРИХ ВИЛЬГЕЛЬМ НИЦШЕ
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