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Azotemia (from nitrogen and Greek. Haima - blood), excessive blood levels of nitrogen containing products of protein metabolism (urea, uric acid, creatinine, and others.) At renal diseases, enhanced dissolution of tissue proteins, a sharp decrease in chloride content, and so on. D. NITRIDING saturation nitrogen surfaces of metal products (mainly steel and titanium) for increasing hardness, wear resistance, fatigue strength, corrosion resistance. Nitrogen mustard, a group of organic compounds of the general formula RN (CH2CH2Cl) 2, where R - CH3, C2H5, SH2CH2Cl; by obscheyadovitomu and strong blister similar to mustard gas. Some derivatives of nitrogen mustards, suppress cell division, is used as anticancer drugs. Nitric acid, HNO3, colorless liquid with a pungent suffocating odor; density of 1.513 g / cm3, melting point -41,59 ° C, boiling point 82,6 ° C. Since water is mixed in all respects. Industrially produced by catalytic oxidation of ammonia. Used to produce fertilizers, cellulose nitrate, pigments, sulfuric acid pickling of metals and semiconductors as an oxidizer propellant components "nitrating acid" (sulfuric acid). Salts and esters of nitric acid - nitrates. Nitrogen Industry and Organic Synthesis Institute of the State (GIAP), founded in 1931 in Moscow. Studies on the chemistry and technology of nitrogenous fertilizers, ammonia, nitric acid, caprolactam monomer for the production of polymeric materials in hydrogen energy and others. Nitrogenous fertilizers, mineral substances containing nitrogen and used as a source of nitrogen nutrition of plants. Nitrogen fertilizers are divided into ammonia (ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and others.), Ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate, and others.), Nitrate (sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate) and amide (urea, etc.). Nitrogen fertilizers are effective on different soils under different crops, especially in the Non-Chernozem zone and in the irrigated areas. Improper use of nitrogen fertilizers contributes to the accumulation of excessive amounts of nitrates in agricultural products (fruits, vegetables). Azotobacter genus of free-nitrogen-fixing aerobic bacteria. 4 species, mainly in cultivated soils of different zones. Produce a number of vitamins, antibiotics. From Azotobacter prepared fertilizer - azotobacterin. AZOTOLY, arylamides number of aromatic acids having an affinity for cellulose fibers. Intermediates for azo dyes for m. N. cold dyeing. Nitrogen fixation, binding of molecular nitrogen atmosphere and transfer it into nitrogen compounds. Biological nitrogen fixation is carried out by nodule bacteria living in symbiosis with higher plants (symbiotic nitrogen fixation), as well as free-living nitrogen fixers - Azotobacter, cyanobacteria, spirillae, enterobacteria, mycobacteria (nesimbioticheskaya nitrogen fixation). Nitrogen fixation plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle in nature and enriching soil and water bound nitrogen (symbiotic nitrogen fixation annually can enrich one hectare of soil 200-300 kg nitrogen nesimbioticheskaya - 15-30 kg). In industry, nitrogen fixation occurs when ammonia from synthesis gas of H2 and N2 at a relatively high temperature and pressure. The possibility of nitrogen fixation at room temperature and atmospheric pressure under the influence of transition metal complexes. Azul, blue crystals, mp 99 ° C. Found in some essential oils, eg., Chamomile, sage. Has anti-inflammatory action. Included in the toothpaste, cosmetic creams. AZURIT (from the French. Azur - blue, blue) (blue copper) class mineral carbonates, Cu2Cu [CO3] 2 (OH) 2. Dark blue, earthy masses blue (blue copper). The hardness of 3.5-4.0; density 3.8 g / cm3. Formed in the oxidation zones of copper deposits. Copper ore, raw materials for paints. AZHAR (al-Azhar al-Jami al-Azhar), a complex of Muslim religious and secular institutions of higher education and research institutions in Cairo; includes the Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Al-Azhar University with faculties of Islamic law, engineering, agricultural, medical and other. Founded in the 10th century. when the eponymous mosque. Azikh cave, parking Acheulian culture (Hadrut region of Azerbaijan). Remains of houses, stone tools; sanctuary - a cache of cave bear skulls, jaw fragment of fossil man (AZIKHANTROP). Hades (Hades, Pluto), in Greek mythology, god of the underworld and the realm of the dead; Hades - as the very realm of the dead. Aizawl (Ayzaul), a city in India, the administrative center of the piece. Mizoram. 154 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Crafts. AIYANAR, Tamil deity of agriculture; usually depicted seated on a horse. AIL 1) Mongolian nomadic peoples of the family group. 2) In Kyrgyzstan, rural administrative-territorial unit. AEI Thebaid (4 or 5 in.), The Christian ascetic. Memory in the Orthodox church on Saturday cheese. AIR, a genus of perennial herbs of the family aronnikovyh. 2 species in the extratropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere, blooms from early summer to autumn. The rhizome (root irny) containing essential oils and other. Substance used in medicine (to improve digestion and as a tonic) in the perfume, the confectionery industry. IPB Members in Irish mythology the goddess of healing, the daughter of the god-healer Diane Kekhta. With the help of the miraculous source of life and strength returned soldiers during the battle with Fomhoire. Erodium (geranium), a genus of annual or perennial herbs of the family Geraniaceae. The shape of the fruit is similar to the head of a stork. St. 80 species in the temperate zone of Eurasia and the Mediterranean. It grows in dry meadows, plains, foothills. Erodium tsikutovy - common weed fields and gardens; medicinal plant. Ciconiiformes, the same as the long-legged. Stork, wading bird family unit. 18 species are widely distributed. Live in areas rich in water; nests in trees, roofs. In the Palearctic 3 types: white (length 110 cm), black and Far East. The last 2 are protected. Aitana in Etruscan mythology chthonic deity identified with the Greek Hades. AIFAL (Antillag) Arbelsky (Persian) (d. 380), the martyr, the deacon in Naessone (in Persia); suffered in the persecution of Shapur II. Memory in the Orthodox Church 1 (14) September 3 (16) noyabrya.AY river on South. Urals, left tributary of Ufa. 549 km, the basin area of 15 thousand. Km2. The average water consumption of approx. 80 m3 / s. Stoke regulated. At p. Ah - the town of Zlatoust. Ai Qing (b. 1910), a Chinese poet. The poem "To the Sun" (1938), collections of "North" (1939), "The news of the Dawn" (1943), "Spring" (1956) and others. - The homeland and socialist construction. Collection of "Song of return" (1980). The book "On Poetry" (1940). Aybek (pres. Tashmuhamedov name Musa) (1904 / 05-68), Uzbek writer, People's Writer of Uzbekistan (1965), Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan (1943). Novels "Holy Blood" (1943) about the events of the 1st World War, "Navoi" (1945), the autobiographical novel "Childhood" (1962), poems. USSR State Prize (1946). Quince, genus of trees and shrubs in the family of pink, fruit crops. 1 species - common quince. Grown in Europe, North. America, North. Africa, Eastern. and Wed. Asia. From fruits (40-100 kg per tree) - jam et al. Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (1817-1900), Russian painter seascape. In the romantic paintings ("The Ninth Wave" 1850 "Black Sea", 1881) portrayed the sea, the courage of people fighting against the elements, sea battles. * * * Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky [17 (29) July 1817, Theodosia - 2 (14 ) in April 1900, ibid], a Russian artist. One of the best painters of sea-scapes 19 v.Vyhodets of Armenian merchant family, retained throughout his life a strong connection with the ancient traditions of the Armenian-Christian culture. He studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts Mikhail Vorobyov. Since 1845 settled in Feodosia. Many traveled to Russia and Europe, Middle East, Asia and Afriki.Rannie paintings by Aivazovsky suggest careful development of the canons of the sea landscape, going back to painting Lorrain, on the effect of MN Vorobyov and late Sylvester Shchedrin. Species accuracy combined here with the classicist rationality composite designs ("View of the coast in the vicinity of St. Petersburg", 1835, Tretyakov Gallery) .Chisto romantic worldview, admiration vast, ever-changing elements of the sea is a mature expression in the works of the 1840s. When the artist wins European fame. A number of foreign academies elected him an honorary member, John. Turner says an enthusiastic ode in honor of one of his paintings. Famous works of this period - painting "The Ninth Wave" (1850, Russian Museum). Typical of the iconography of romanticism topic shipwreck given here surrounded by strong chiaroscuro effects that enhance the overall impression of infinity raging prostranstva.Hudozhnik unusually prolific, Aivazovsky often resorted to compositional and coloristic stamps. However, in the best picture - such as the "Black Sea" (1881, Tretyakov Gallery) - appear the best features of his talent: a sensitive understanding of the aesthetics of the sublime, subtle tonal mastery of light transmission, penetrating the thick vody.Sredi large number of terrestrial landscapes made Aivazovsky, stand out for their bravura effects Panoramic cycles of paintings inspired by impressions from a trip to Ukraine and the Caucasus (1850-60-ies.). More than once he turned to the Bible stories of Creation and the Flood, to the Gospel and antique motives - as in George. Turner portrayed figures look small staffage among majestic, "space" landscapes. Created paintings on the theme of the Armenian culture ("Visiting J. G. Byron Mkhitarists monastery near Venice", 1880, National Gallery of Armenia, Yerevan). Among the favorite writers Aivazovsky belonged to Alexander Pushkin, in the verses which he found his own poetic expression Marinism. In the late period of the artist repeatedly turned to the image of the great poet - "Pushkin at the seashore" (figure of the poet written Ilya Repin, 1897, Pushkin Museum, St. Petersburg) calculation.Important chapter in the legacy of battle painting Aivazovsky . From 1844 he was an artist of the Naval Staff, wrote many significant paintings on the theme of the history of the Russian Navy ("The Battle", 1848, Feodosia art gallery named after Ivan Aivazovsky) .Buduchi one of the richest Russian artists, he did much to his hometown: its funds were built outside the local art gallery, archaeological museum, a lot of work on the improvement of Feodosia, the construction of the port and railway. From the studio that he created in 1845, came a series of outstanding masters of the landscape (AIKuindzhi, KF Bogaevsky et al.). Most fully represented in the career of the master he founded Feodosia art gallery, now bears his imya.Literatura: Aivazovsky: Documents and Materials. Yerevan, 1967.Barsamov NS Ivan Aivazovsky. M., 1967.Vagner LA, Grigorovich NS Ivan Aivazovsky. M., 1970.Pilipenko VN Ivan Aivazovsky: Album. L. 1983.M. Sokolov quince, Ava (pers.), Willow, Lebanon, 1) in the Central Asian homes, mosques and others. - Terrace with a flat roof on the columns or pillars. 2) The vaulted hall, open to the inner yard (reception halls in the palaces of Parthia and Sasanian Iran, in the mosques and palaces of the medieval Wed Asia, Iran, Afghanistan and others.). AYVASEDAPUR river in Zap. Siberia, the right component p. Pur. Formed by the confluence pp. Erkalnadeypur and Etypur. The length from the source Erkalnadeypura 601 km, the basin area of 26.1 thousand. Km2. Ives (Ives), Charles (1874-1954), American composer. One of the founders of modern American music. 5 symphonies, chamber and instrumental works and songs. AIGI Gennady (b. 1934), the Russian poet, translator. Also writes the Chuvash language. In poetry (the collection "In the name of the Fathers", 1958, "Poems 1954 - 1971", 1975, "Award-winter", 1982, the last two were published abroad), was influenced by the French poetic culture, philosophy of existentialism and Russian religious thought, reveals the relationship between man sometimes painful, irrational depths of existence. Anthology "Poets France XV - XX centuries." (1968, in the Chuvash language). Aigun AGREEMENT between Russia and China (signed on 05.28.1858, Mr. Aigun), set boundaries along the Amur. Thus, Russia is returning territory seized by the Qing government to the Treaty of Nerchinsk 1689. Swimming on pp. Amur and Ussuri Songhua permitted only Russian and Chinese vessels. IDAHO (Idaho), a state in the western United States. 216 thousand. Km2. The population of 1.1 million. People (1992). Adm. c. - Boise. Aydit (Aidit) Dipa Nusantara (1923-65), Chairman of the Communist Party of Indonesia (KPI) in 1959-65 (in 1954-59 general secretary of the Central Committee). After the defeat of the anti-government insurgency September 30, 1965 was killed. Ajdukiewicz (Ajdukiewicz) Kazimierz (1890-1963), the Polish logician and philosopher. Belonged to the Lvov-Warsaw School of logic. Developed a semantic theory of language. Work on the philosophical interpretation of logic. Aye-aye, a kind of prosimians; the same as Dyschirius. Ayer (Ayer) Alfred Jules (b. 1910), English philosopher, representative of neo. Promoted the ideas of the Vienna Circle; late works are characterized by a tendency to linguistic philosophy. Eisenach, a city in Germany, see. Eisenach. Eisenberg Gregory Z. (1904-94), the Russian scientist, an expert in the theory and technique of antennas for radio, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1946), Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1965). Under the direction of Eisenberg designed almost all domestic broadcasters and communications devices, in Vol. H. For MW, LW and SW ranges. USSR State Prize (1947, 1984). Lenin Prize (1957). Eisenhüttenstadt (Eisenhuttenstadt) (Eisenhuttenstadt), a city in Germany, Brandenburg. 50 thousand. Inhabitants (1988). Port on the channel Oder - Spree. Iron and Steel Works "Ost", shipbuilding. Aizenshtein Semen Moiseevich (1884-1962), a Russian radio technician, one of the pioneers of domestic radiotelegrafirovaniya. In 1907 he founded and headed the Society of the wireless telegraph and telephone, where he developed projects for the construction of radio stations in Moscow and Tsarskoye Selo, in 1914-17 created the first domestic radio tubes and radios. In 1912-14 he published the first Russian Radio Engineering Journal "Herald of telegraphy without wires". From 1922 - in England. Yzerman Naimark (1913-92), a Russian scientist in the field of control theory, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1947). Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Russia (1965). Works on the theory of automatic control theory and differential equations. Under his leadership, created a universal system of industrial pneumatic elements. Lenin Prize (1964). Ajzkraukle (Aizkraukle) (until 1990 Stuchka), city (1967) in Latvia, at p. Daugava near. railroad Art. Ajzkraukle. 10.3 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Pļaviņas HPP. Plants: telephones, asphalt concrete. Aizman David Yakovlevich (1869-1922), Russian writer and playwright. Stories and novels from the life of the Jewish poor (many of them published in the collections of the Association "Knowledge"). In tragedy, "the bush" (1907; published in Russian in 1920), the romantic pathos of the revolutionary struggle is combined with stylization biblical motifs. Contemporary developments in the story "White romance", "Black Romance" (both 1908). Aizpute (Aizpute) (until 1917 the official name Gazenpot), a city in Latvia, p. Tebra. 6.3 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Manufacture of fabricated metal products, food companies. Originated in 1248. "Aikap" ("Mirror"), Kazakh socio-political and literary-critical magazine. Published in 1911-15 (88 rooms) in Troitsk, Chelyabinsk region now. IQ, see. IQ. Ailanthus, the genus of deciduous trees Simaroubaceae family. Approx. 10 species in South. and east. Asia and northern Australia. Ailanthus altissima (Chinese ash) are grown in the south of Europe, the Caucasus and Wed. Asia. In China, on the leaves of ailanthus aylantovogo bred moth. Medicinal and ornamental plants. Wood is used in construction, handicrafts, paper making. Ailill in Irish mythology husband of Queen Medb, to argue with her about whose race older and richer. War between them has become the central plot of the saga of the hero Cuchulainn cycle "Táin Bó Cúailnge." Akram Aylisli (pres. Fam. And name Naibov-Aylisli Akram Najaf oglu) (b. 1937), the Azerbaijani writer. Collections of short stories ("With a heart do not joke", 1973, et al.). The cycle of stories "People and Trees" (1966-68) on the life of the Azerbaijani village during the Great Patriotic War and in the postwar years. Translations. IMAC, 1) clan, tribe Mongolian and Turkic peoples. 2) administrative and territorial unit (district) in Buryatia and Altai Republic. 3) The basic administrative unit of Mongolia. "Ayman Sholpan", Kazakh folk lyric and epic 1st floor. 19 in .; magnifies the image of a brave and generous Kazakh girl. Ayman Shaken Kenzhetaevich (1914-70), the Kazakh actor and film director, People's Artist of the USSR (1959). Since 1933 the Kazakh Theater. Auezov (Alma-Ata). One of the first directors of the national cinema. Movies: "We live here" (1957), "Our dear doctor" (1958), "Land of the Fathers" (1967), "The End of Ataman" (1971) and others. USSR State Prize (1952). Aymara Indian people in Bolivia, Peru and Chile. The total number of 2.55 million. People (1992). Aymara. Believers - Catholics. Aymara language Aymara. One of the three official languages of Bolivia. Traditionally belongs to the family kechumara (Quechua-Aymara) Indian languages. Writing on the basis of the Latin alphabet. Aymedova Mayagozel (b. 1941), the Turkmen actress, People's Artist of the USSR (1987). Since 1964, the Turkmen Youth Theatre. Filmed in the movies. USSR State Prize (1973). AYMURZAEV Zholmurza Murzauly (b. 1910), Karakalpak writer, People's Writer of Uzbekistan (1981). Novels, short stories, novels "On the banks of the Amu Darya" (1958), "I love you people" (1978). Poetry, poems. Plays. Ainazi (until 1917 the official name Gaynash), city (1928) in Latvia, Riga coast hall. Railway station. 1.2 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). The Museum of Naval School. Aynalov Dmitry Vlasyevich (1862-1939), a Russian art historian, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1914). Works are devoted to the aesthetic, historical and cultural interpretation of the Byzantine, Russian, Italian art. AINI (pres. Sadriddin name Said Murodzoda) (1878-1954), the Tajik writer, scholar, social activist. The first president (1951), Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan. story; In the novel "Dohunda" (published 1930) and "Slaves" (1934) reflected the life of the Tajik people for over a century; "Memories" (Vol. 1-4, 1949-1954). Works on the history and literature of the peoples Avg. Asia. USSR State Prize (1950). Ainu language, the language of the Ainu. Genealogical connection is not established. In the 20th century. came from the live use. Ainu people on the island. Hokkaido, Japan. 20 thous. People (1992). Ainu language. Believers - Buddhists. IOWA (Iowa), staff on Wed. Western United States. 146 thousand. Km2. The population of 2.8 million. People (1992). Adm. c. - Des Moines. AYOVAN, the genus of herbaceous plants of the family Umbelliferae. Approx. 20 species in Africa and Asia. Ayovan fragrant (ajwain, cumin or Indian) cultivated (in Vol. H. In the Wed Asia) as a spice plant and for essential oil (in fruit) containing thymol. Iona, an island in the East Siberian m., At the entrance to Chaun Bay. Approx. 2 thousand. Km2. Height up to 64 m. The prevailing arctic tundra. AYOTSDZORSKY RIDGE (Daralagez hr.), In the south of the Armenian plateau, within the Republic of Armenia. Length of 70 km. Height up to 3120 m. The mountain meadows and steppes. Ai-Petri, the top of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains, near Alupka. 1233 m. Airavata in Vedic and Hindu mythology, the elephant, which appeared in the beginning of creation, also acts as an accessory Indra. HAYRAPETYAN Boris Alexandrovich (b. 1955), the Russian writer and director. Put on his own script for the film: "Where the sky is on the ground" (1988), "The Killer" (1993) and others. Founder and President of National Award "St.. Anna" among film schools in Russia, CIS and Baltic countries. AYRENY, monostroficheskaya verse form of Armenian medieval poetry. Consists of four 15-syllable line. See. Kuchak Naapet. "Iron Maiden" (Iron Maiden), English rock band, formed in 1976 in London. Ingredients: Steve Harris (bass), Dave Murray (guitar), Paul Di Anno (vocals), Doug Simpson (drums). Working group initiated the style of heavy metal, in particular, the "speed metal" and part of "trash." In the works of the group there are elements of art rock. Called "progressive metal band." One of the best drives - "The Number Of The Beast" (1982). The album "Somewhere In Time" (1986), many original arrangements, beautiful transitions from "heavy" to the art-rock. The main composer of the group - Steve Harris, a master of improvisation. Ayrton (Ireton) Henry (1611-51), the ideologist of moderate Independents during the English Revolution of the 17th century .; associate O. Cromwell. 1650 Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. ICEBERG (Eng. Iceberg), a breakaway from the glacier arrays of different shapes; may be afloat or sit on the rocks. The height above the water surface to 70 m (Arctic), 100 m (Antarctica); most of the water volume. The main areas of education - the ice shelves of Antarctica, the islands of the Canadian Arctic arch., Greenland. Aysor see. Assyrians. AYSTIS (Aistis) (pres. Fam. Aleksandravičius; Cossu-Aleksandrishkis) Jonas (1904 - 73), Lithuanian poet. Since the 1930s. lived in the West. Europe, from 1946 - in the United States. Poetry elegiac mood: collections "extinct Chimera's Eye" (1937), "In the crystal coffin" (1957), "Catharsis" (Vilnius, 1988). Books of essays. Aytaç Nedirbay (1894-1938), politician. Since 1923, deputy chairman, chairman of the Turkestan CEC. Since 1925, the CEC Chairman of the Turkmen SSR. Groundlessly repressed; posthumously rehabilitated. House spirit, in Lithuanian mythology fiery serpent, bringing wealth to people. Aitiev Gapar Aytievich (1912-84), the Kyrgyz painter, People's Artist of the USSR (1971), corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Arts (1973), Hero of Socialist Labor (1982). Epic quiet, poetic landscapes ("Afternoon in Issyk-Kul", 1954), portraits ("Gallery of portraits of contemporaries", 1979), painting, etc.. AITMATOV Ilgiz (b. 1931), the Kyrgyz scientist, academician (1989) and president (1990), Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyzstan. Brother Aitmatov. Major works in the field of geomechanics rock masses. USSR State Prize (1989). AITMATOV Genghis (b. 1928), Kyrgyz writer, People's writer of Kyrgyzstan (1968), academician (1974), Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyzstan, Hero of Socialist Labor (1978). Writes in Kyrgyz and Russian languages. In the story "Jamila" (1958), "Mother's Field" (1963), "Farewell, Gulsary!" (1966), "The White Ship" (1970), "Spotted Dog Running Edge of the Sea" (1977), in his novel "The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years" ("Buran stop", 1980), "scaffold" (1986) - acute philosophical, ethical and social issues of our time. Aitmatov's prose combines psychological analysis with the traditions of folklore and mythological imagery, tends to the genre of the parable. Chief editor of "Foreign Literature" in 1988-90. Lenin Prize (1963), the USSR State Prize (1968, 1977, 1983). Ai-Todor cape on the southern coast of Crimea, 8.5 km to the south-west of Yalta. Limestone rock. Castle "Swallow's Nest" (con. 19 in.) And the remains of a Roman camp Charax. Aitkhozhina Abenovich Murat (1939-87), Kazakh biochemist, Academician (1983) and president (1986-1987), Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan. Major work on protein synthesis and its regulation in higher plants. Lenin Prize (1976). Aitys. (Kazakh). (Aytysh) song improvisation in the form of a dialogue-match two akyns in Turkic Avg. Asia and Kazakhstan. AYFE in Irish mythology queen warrior Cuchulainn is trained in martial arts and given birth to a son (Saga "Tochmarc Emire"). Eich (Eich) (Eich) Gunther (1907-72), German writer. A member of the "Group of 47". Humanistic lyrics, using techniques of modernist poetry (the collection "Epistle Rain", 1955, "On the case", 1964). Short stories, radio plays. Ayhan, an urban village in Yakutia. 13 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Formed in 1962 in connection with the discovery of diamond pipe "Aikhal." Eichenwald Julius Marshak (1872-1928), a Russian critic and publicist. The representative of t. N. impressionistic criticism. In the works of Russian and Western literature ("Pushkin", 1908; "Sketches of Western writers," 1910; "The poets and poetesses", 1922), they used a method of intuitive "understanding." In the book of essays "Silhouettes of Russian Writers" (1906) - Review of literary reputation (in Vol. H. Gorky, V. Bryusov). In post-revolutionary journalism regarded as the Bolshevik coup tragically natural ending history of the empire. Sent abroad (1922). Aisha-Bibi mausoleum 11-12 centuries. with. Golovachevka, near the town of Jambul (Kazakhstan). Brick, dome-centric, with pillars at the corners and rich decor of carved terracotta. Ayoub ZU-H-NUN (b. 1908), writer and publicist Arabic (Iraq). One of the pioneers of the genre of realistic story in the national literature (the collection "Workers", 1939). Novels, in Vol. H. Antiwar publicist "Peace on Earth" (1972). Mohammad Ayub Khan (1907-74), President of Pakistan in 1960-69, the leader of the Muslim League in 1963-69. In 1951-54 and 1956-58 chief of the armed forces; after a coup in 1958 the head of the military regime. Ayyubid (Eyyubidy) dynasty that ruled in the context. 12-13 centuries. in Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, South. Arabia. Founded in 1171, Salah al-Din. Waged a successful war against the Crusaders. Basic (Egyptian) branch Ayyubid 1250 eliminated the Mamluks. Aya, a cape on the southern coast, 13 km south-east of Balaklava. Haya de la Torre (Haya de la Torre) Victor Raul (1895-1979), one of the organizers (1924) and leader of the national-reformist Peruvian People's Party (until 1945 American Popular Revolutionary Alliance - APRA). Ayyam al-Arab (letters. - The days of the Arabs), the genre of Arabic epic of tribal wars; formed in 5-7 cc .; known in the records of 8-10 cc. (cycles "War Basus," "War Abs and teeth"). Aka Gündüz (1885-1958), a Turkish writer. Novels "Dikmen Star" (1928), "The Unknown Soldier" (1930) about the national liberation struggle. Social and ethical novels ("Daughters of the earth", 1935). AQABA (Al-Aqaba), the city and port in Jordan, on the banks of the hall. Aqaba Red m. Approx. 40 thousand. Residents. International Airport. Fishing. Crafts. Aqaba Gulf Red m., Between the p-ovami Arabian and Sinai. The length of 180 km, width up to 28 km, depth up to 1828 m. Port - Aqaba. Academicism (fr. Academisme), 1) a theoretical direction, traditionalism in science and education. 2) The isolation of science, art, education of life, social practice. 3) At the direction of the visual arts, the prevailing art academies in 16-19 centuries .: ought to external forms of classical art of antiquity and the Renaissance, imposed a conditional idealized images that are far from living subjects, abstract standards of beauty.
FRIEDRICH WILHELM NIETZSCHE / ФРИДРИХ ВИЛЬГЕЛЬМ НИЦШЕ
НИЦШЕ / NIETZSCHE / ЕССЕ HOMO / ВОЛЯ К ВЛАСТИ / К ГЕНЕАЛОГИИ МОРАЛИ / СУМЕРКИ ИДОЛОВ /
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