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VETERAN (lat. Veteranus, from vetus - old), 1) Dr. Rome soldiers who served a term in the army. The veterans were granted land (in Italy and the provinces) or received monetary rewards, as well as the rights of Roman citizenship, were exempted from duties. 2) The old warrior; participant in the war in the past. 3) A person who has worked a long time on any field. Veterinary Science (from the Latin. Veterinarius - caring for animals, treating cattle), the area of science and practical activities aimed at the prevention and treatment of diseases of animals, protecting people from zooantroponozov, Issue benign in veterinary and sanitary products of animal husbandry and veterinary and sanitary protection of the environment . The earliest information about the treatment of animals belong to the 4th thousand. BC. e .; the emergence of professional veterinary medicine in Russia - to the 10-13 centuries. Becoming associated with the development of veterinary medicine, biology, chemistry, physics and others. Science. A major role in the development of veterinary scientists played Bourgelat K., E. Jenner, VI Vsevolodov, KI Skryabin, SN Vyshelesski et al. Veterinary combines Epizootology, parasitology, veterinary sanitation, veterinary and sanitary examination, clinical diagnostics, therapy, surgery, pharmacology, zoogigienu and veterinary microbiology and virology, normal and pathological anatomy and physiology of animals; is closely related to animal husbandry. The main problems of modern veterinary medicine - development of new methods to protect the animals from pathogens, primarily from virus and helminth infections of people - from antropozoonozov; study veterinary geography questions ehpizootologicheskogo forecasting, veterinary care of animals in breeding complexes and others. VETERINARY GEOGRAPHY, studies the impact of natural and geographic and socio-economic factors specific areas on the patterns of occurrence and spread of animal diseases. Veterinary Sanitation, studies and develops measures for the prevention and elimination of animal diseases and protection of people from infectious agents and invasions are common to humans and animals. Veterinary Station, provides treatment of animals and veterinary preventive measures. Veterinary Public Health Research Institute (NIIVS), established in 1955 in Moscow. Research and development on disinfection and disinfestation of livestock, storage and other. Premises. Veterinary and sanitary examination, determination of the suitability of the food animal products. Carried out at the enterprises of meat and dairy industry, markets, slaughterhouses. Veterinary and sanitary PLANT (recycling plant), enterprise, neutralizes animal carcasses, meat processing plants and industrial waste and raw leather processing enterprises and their meat and bone meal in animal feed. Veterinary and sanitary inspection system of measures for the control of animal health status and quality of livestock produced, as well as import and export of animal products and raw materials. Carried out by experts of veterinary uchrezhdeniy.VETERINARNY ITEM, veterinary facilities in the village, has a therapeutic and preventive care to animals, conducts animal health activities in the service area. Branch, city (1925) in Belarus, Gomel., A marina on the River. SOG. 9.6 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Light and food industries. Founded in the 17th century. Vietka CONSENT (vetkovtsy), a group of Old Believers beglopopovskogo sense, resettled in the context. 17 in. of the Russian state on about. Branch on the river. SOG (then Rzeczpospolita, now the Gomel region. Belarus). Lost its significance in the context. 18 in. Willow (belotal), willow tree kind. Vetluga city (from 1778) in the Russian Federation, Nizhniy Novgorod region., A marina on the River. Vetluga. 10.2 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Forestry, food industry. Museum. Homeland VV Rozanov. Vetluga river in the center of the European part of Russia, a left tributary of the Volga. 889 km, the basin area of 39.4 thousand. Km2. The average consumption of water in the lower reaches of 255 m3 / s. Rafting. The river is navigable for 700 km from the mouth. VETO (from Lat. Veto - forbid), 1) in the state law prohibitions imposed by a public authority (head of state) on the decisions of another public authority. Institute of veto originated in Other. Rome. Later, the most well known t. N. free (liberum) veto: Poland 17-18 centuries. the decision of the Seimas shall be deemed adopted if voted for him all the deputies. In some modern states veto is usually given the head of state in respect of laws enacted by Parliament. 2) The veto is also called the UN Charter principle of unanimity of the permanent members of the UN Security Council when deciding on non-procedural matters. Rags, sparse harsh cotton plain weave fabric (such as gauze). Used to cover a layer of cotton batting or when sewing winter outerwear. Cloth also called textile waste, old things. Anemone (Anemone), the genus of rhizomatous grasses (rarely subshrubs) buttercup family. Ok. 150 species around the globe. Many of them - early spring plants, some decorative. 2 species are protected. Windy BELT, peeling the north Vost. European Plain, south of the Onega Bay. Height up to 336 meters. Wind turbines, wind turbine system from and set in motion machinery (pumps, electric generators, and so on. N.). Wind Fedoseyevna Maria (1870-97), a revolutionary narodnitsa, a member of the "Group of the People." In 1896, lies in the Peter and Paul Fortress. In protest against the prison regime burned himself. Windfall, individual tree, felled by the wind. VETROVSKAYA demonstration, the square of the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg (03/04/1897) in the form of a memorial service for MF wind. Dispersed by the police. An antiflatulent, drugs that reduce the formation of gases in the gastrointestinal tract and facilitate discharge of their flatulence (eg. Dill water). Wind turbine, wind power to generate mechanical energy. Distributed mainly vane wind turbines, in which the axis of rotation of the propeller coincides with the direction of air flow. Wind energy industry energy associated with the development of methods and tools for converting wind energy into mechanical, thermal or electrical energy. Wind - a renewable energy source. Wind energy can be used almost everywhere; The most promising application of wind power plants in agriculture. WINDS OF LOCAL, with limited spatial distribution. Stand fast repetition, direction or other. Features (eg., Breezes, hair dryer, boron, dry wind, the sirocco, Khamsin, mountain-valley, ice, etc. Winds). Chickenpox, acute viral disease mainly of children with fever and rash in the form of bubbles in the crust dries. Contamination from the patient through the air. Vättern lake in southern Sweden. Area St. 1.9 thousand. Km2, length 129 km, depth to 119 m. It is located in the basin of glacial and tectonic origin. Shipping (included in the Gota Canal). By Vettern adjacent National Park Tiveden. The main port - Jonkoping. Wettstein (Wettstein) Richard von (1863-1931), an Austrian botanist, a foreign corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1924) and Foreign Honorary Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1927). Author of the concept of origin of the flower of angiosperms gymnosperms out of the gate. Opened seasonal dimorphism in flowering plants. The Old Testament, see. Art. The Bible. Ham, smoked, baked or boiled meat product made from salted pork leg. Vetchinkin Vladimir Petrovich (1888-1950), the Russian scientist, Honored Scientist of Russia (1946). One of the organizers of TsAGI. Proceedings on propeller aircraft flight dynamics and missiles, wind power, and others. USSR State Prize (1943). MILESTONES (hemlock), genus of perennial aquatic and marsh plants Umbelliferae. Ok. 10 species, mostly in North. America. In Eurasia common milestones poisonous, all parts of which contain a toxin that causes poisoning (often fatal) in humans and domestic animals. MILESTONE floating, navigational aids in the form of fortified moored buoy on the pole with any shape (cone, ball etc.), Painted in a certain color, or flag. Milestones are used for fencing navigational hazards, areas moorage, production work, and others. "Milestones", "Collection of articles about the Russian intelligentsia" (Moscow, 1909), released by the Russian religious philosophers and writers (Berdyaev, SN . Bulgakov, P. Struve, S. Frank, MO Gershenzon, A. rogue Kistyakovsky BA), criticized the ideology and practical guidelines revolutionary, socialist-minded intellectuals - atheistic materialism, political radicalism, the idealization of the people (in Marxism - the proletariat), and so on. n. "Milestones" proclaimed the primacy of the spiritual life of the community, "the inner life of the individual is the sole creative force of human existence." Veche, a popular assembly in ancient and medieval Russia in the 10-14th centuries. The greatest development - in Russian cities 2nd floor. 11-12 centuries. To decide the question of war and peace, calls and expelled princes, to pass laws to enter into treaties with other lands, etc... In Novgorod, Pskov and Vyatka land remained until the end. 15 - early. 16th centuries. Evening classes, a form of organization of educational process for persons who are combining study with professional employment. Provides for regular teacher training sessions with groups of constant composition is convenient for students after hours, often in the evening hours (hence the term). Vechornytsi, born mammals of the suborder of bats. The body length of 1-5 cm. 7 species in deciduous and mixed forests of Europe, Southwest, Eastern. and south-east. Asia. In deciduous forests and parks of the Caucasus Common noctule usual. In the European part and the Caucasus inhabited by small and giant noctule; last - guarded. The evening, a church service, performed in the evening hours; holidays connected with the morning as part of all-night vigil (Vigil). VECHINY (from Lat. Vicinus - neighbor), dependent peasants in Moldova (from the beginning. 16 in.) Bore duties in favor of the landowners and the state. Permafrost (permafrost), Disambiguation corresponding concepts: Permafrost, the permafrost zone. Eternal image, fictional characters, which limiting the generality of art and spiritual depth report all mankind, vsevremennoe value (Prometheus, Don Quixote, Don Juan, Hamlet, Faust, Majnun). Eternal snows, perennial accumulations of snow and ice in the polar regions and in the mountains above the snow line. Perpetual motion (lat. Perpetuum mobile - perpetuum mobile), 1) a perpetual motion machine of the 1st kind - an imaginary continuously operating machine, which, when once launched, committed to work without external energy. A perpetual motion machine of the 1st kind is contrary to the law of conservation and transformation of energy and is therefore not feasible. 2) Perpetual motion of the 2nd kind - an imaginary heat engine, which as a result of a circular process (cycle) completely converts the heat received from any one "inexhaustible" source (ocean, atmosphere, and so on. N.) To work. Action perpetual motion of the 2nd kind is not contrary to the law of conservation and transformation of energy, but it violates the second law of thermodynamics, and therefore such an engine is not feasible. The Eternal Jew (Ahasuerus) (lat. Ahasverus), the hero of medieval legends, Jewish wanderer, condemned by God to eternal life and wanderings of what Christ did not give a rest (in many versions, hit it) on the way to Calvary. By the legend of Ahasuerus turned Goethe, the German Romantic poets (KF Schubart, H. Lena), E. Xu et al., "Eternal Peace" between Russia and the Commonwealth (Moscow, 05.06.1686). Confirmed the terms of the Treaty of Andrusovo 1667. consolidate the Russian Left-bank Ukraine and Kiev, led to Russia's participation in the anti-Turkish coalition. Eternal flame constantly maintained in a special burner flame at the monument at the memorial complex, cemeteries, graves; symbol of the memory of the fallen heroes and their exploits, and other victims of fascism. The eternal flame was lit for the first time in 1920 at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Paris, in the Soviet Union - in 1957 in Leningrad at the Champ de Mars near the monument "To Fighters Revolution." Eternal flame lit on the tomb of the Unknown Soldier near the Kremlin wall in Moscow (1967), in other localities, as well as in the field of commemorative events. Vechorko in the East Slavic mythology the goddess of the afterglow. VESCINE Yaroslav (1860-1915), Bulgarian painter. Realistic paintings on the theme of the Balkan Wars of 1912-13, domestic scenes. VESHSHELENI Miklos (1796-1850), Baron, one of the leaders of the noble opposition to the Hungarian State meeting in the 1830-1840-ies. He played for the country's independence from Habsburg, conducting limited bourgeois reforms. Real number is the same as a real number. SUBSTANCE, kind of matter that has a rest mass (elementary particles, atoms, molecules, and others.). In chemistry, a substance can be subdivided into simple, formed by atoms of the same chemical element and compound (chemical compound). Property law, a kind of property rights relating to the number of absolute rights. The object of property law is a specific thing. Types of property law: the right of ownership, easements, right of pledge and others. THING, in civil law - the object of property rights and other rights. Owner has the right to possess, use and dispose of a thing within the limits prescribed by law. THING, in philosophy - the subject of material reality, has a relatively independent and sustainable existence. "Thing in itself" (it. Ding an sich), a philosophical concept, meaning things as they are in themselves ("a"), as opposed to how they are "for us" in the knowledge; one of the central concepts of "Critique of Pure Reason" Kant. Winnowing machine to separate the grain from the heap obtained after threshing crops. Replaced by a more sophisticated grain cleaners. One to one correspondence, such a correspondence between the elements of two sets in which each element of the first set corresponds to one specific element of the second set, and each element of the second set - one particular element of the first set. Relatively prime positive integers with no common factors other than 1; eg., 15 and 16. The mutual learning (Monitorial System), a system of primary school at which the older and more knowledgeable students under the guidance of teachers held classes with other students. Developed by British teachers A. Bell (1753-1832) and George. Lancaster (1778-1838). Russia has been used since 1818; some schools operated until the 1860s. INTERACTION philosophical category, reflecting the impact of processes objects at each other, their mutual conditionality and causing one object of another. Interaction - the universal form of movement, development, shall determine the existence and the structural organization of any material system. Interaction between fundamental physics, known 4 types: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational. For protons at an energy of 1 GeV due to the intensity of these interactions processes are respectively 1: 10-2: 10-10: 10-38. Developed a unified theory of electromagnetic and weak interactions (electroweak interaction). Some models also include the strong interaction (grand unification). Attempts to describe all four interactions on a common basis. Interchangeably in the art - the property of the same parts, assemblies or aggregates of machines, devices and other structures, allows to assemble or replace them without first fitting. Fungibility of resources, the ability to use different types of resources in order to achieve national economic optimum. Distinguish interchangeability of technical and economic resources. The economic-mathematical model for calculating the efficiency of the interchange of resources. RECIPROCITY LAW, the same as the Bunsen - Roscoe law. RELATIONSHIP, in philosophy - interdependence of objects to each other; cm. Communication. Uplift, geology - steeply dipping fault for which the hanging wall rocks are shifted upward relative to rocks lying wing. Slurries, suspensions in which the particles float or settle very slowly due to the small difference in densities of the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium. Weighing, determination of the mass of bodies by means of weights. When weighing on balance scales, does not require high accuracy, weight shall be equal to the algebraic sum of the masses of weights, balances the body and testimony indicating device weights. Platoon, military unit consisting of several (2-4) branches, calculations or crews. Is part of the company (ies) or directly into the mix, and other part. Cantankerous Herold I. (b. 1936), the Russian scientist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1994). Writings on the history of ancient art and culture. USSR State Prize (1982). SEASIDE, 1) of the surface of the sea adjacent to the coast. 2) coastal strip of land (eg., Riga beach). 3) Seashore estuary - delta of the river and the relevant part of the surface of the sea. Explosion, release of large amounts of energy to a limited extent in a short period of time. Explosion leads to very hot gas with a very high pressure at which the expansion exerts a mechanical effect (pressure, damage) the surrounding body. In the solid medium is accompanied by its destruction and fragmentation. Explosions occur due to the release of chemical energy (mainly explosives) of nuclear energy (nuclear explosion), electromagnetic energy (spark discharge, laser spark et al.), Mechanical energy (in the fall of meteorites on the surface of the Earth, volcanoes, etc.). . Projected explosions carried out mainly industrial explosives and are the basis of many industrial processes. See. Also directed blast. Fuses, device informing the explosive momentum bursting charge artillery shells, mines, missiles, bombs, torpedoes and other. Fuses can be triggered at a meeting for the purpose of, after a certain period of time at a given depth under water, and others. Blast, shock wave arising in the explosion. Front of the blast wave moves from the center of the explosion at a speed exceeding the speed of sound, and the front surface of the blast wave increases monotonically, and its velocity and intensity decrease. Blasting machine (subversive machine), a portable source of electric current electric detonators for blasting. Used for industrial blasting and military affairs. Explosive treatment, the method of machining metals (welding, forging, hardening), is based on the energy of the explosion. When welding explosion occurs collision parts and forms a jet stream of metal work piece. Stamping is instantaneous (ms, ms) the annex to the slab stress, greatly exceeding the elastic limit of the material. Explosive technologies, controlled demolition, moving, changing the structure and shape of natural (rocks, ice, wood) or synthetic materials (metals, plastics, concrete, and so on. N.), Which is carried out at the expense of the energy released in the explosion of industrial explosives. Used in mining, construction, metal, etc.. High explosive (HE), the individual chemical compounds or mixtures capable of under the influence of an external pulse (shock, heat, and so on. D.) To a self-propagating at high speed (km / s) of chemical to form a gaseous reaction products and heat. RECOVERY OF ADMINISTRATIVE, punishment for an administrative offense (the offense). Types of administrative penalties: warning, fine, administrative arrest, confiscation or compensated seizure of the subject which appeared instrument or object of the offense, corrective labor, deprivation of special rights. Penalty unquestionably recovery of the orders of the authorities empowered and executive notary without a hearing in court, bankruptcy court and other organs. Bribery is the same as honey collection. BRIBERY, obtaining official by any means and in any form of wealth or giving him wealth for committing (or failure) in the interests of the briber acts within the jurisdiction of the officer. Viaduct (from Lat. Via - road, path and duco - am), the construction of the bridge type, erected at the intersection of the road with a deep ravine, hollows, gorges and t. N. Viaduct are usually built with economic or technical inappropriate erection of high embankments. Stone viaducts known since Dr. Rome. VIAM see. Institute of Aviation Materials. Vian (Vian) Boris (1920-59), French novelist, playwright. Built on a mixture of pathos and parody creativity Viana was one of the earliest manifestations of nonconformist "youth rebellion" in Western culture 50-70-ies. 20 .: "Mood Indigo" (1947), "Autumn in Beijing" (1947), "Red Grass" (1950), "Serdtseder" (1953). Play "Universal knacker's yard" (1950), "Breakfast generals" (published in 1962), "Empire Builders" (1959). Collections of poetry ("The texts and songs", published in 1966). Pauline Viardot-Garcia (1821-1910), French singer (mezzo-soprano), composer. Daughter of Spanish singer M. Garcia. Fidesz ("The Prophet" Meyerbeer), Orpheus ("Orpheus and Eurydice" Gluck), Rosina ("The Barber of Seville" by Rossini). Author romances, comic opera to a libretto by Ivan Turgenev, her close friend. VIAREGGIO (Viareggio), a climatic health resort in Italy, on the shores of the Ligurian m., To the north-west of Pisa. VIBRATO (ital. Vibrato, from Lat. Vibro - hesitation), periodic changes in pitch (frequency vibrato) or volume (amplitude vibrato). It is used in singing, playing the bow string and wind instruments in elektroorgane. Sound with vibrato becomes warm, emotionally saturated. VIBRATOR (from Lat. Vibro - hesitation (smiling)) system, which can be excited oscillations (mechanical, electromagnetic, etc..). Eg., The vibrator in radio physics and radio - cut straight conductor through which an alternating current flows, emits electromagnetic waves; in electric engineering - the moving part of the vibration measuring devices of the type (eg., frequency). Vibrator - all working body vibration machines. Vibraphone, percussion instrument with definite pitch sound, the type of xylophone. Vibration disease, occupational disease caused by prolonged exposure to vibration. Characterized by changes in vessels of the extremities, neuromuscular and osteoarticular apparatus, etc.. Vibrating machines, machine, working body which reports oscillatory motion to implement or intensification of a running process. Distinguish vibration machines with mono-, bi- and polyharmonic vibrations; unstressed and shock-vibration. Used in construction for compaction of road surfaces, forming concrete products, dive into the soil piles and pipes, and so on. N. (Eg., Vibratory rollers, vibromoloty); in the manufacture of molds shakeout flasks (lattice vibration); rock drilling, loading and transportation of the rock mass (vibroconveyor); screening (vibrating screens); machines food industry, agriculture and so on. d. vibrating processing method of machining parts and pieces in an abrasive environment (sometimes with the addition of chemicals) when exposed to the environment or the product of mechanical vibrations. It is used for cleaning castings, descaling and corrosion products from the surface of the workpiece, deburring and fin, reducing the surface roughness, and so on. N. VIBRATION CONTROL, automatic control, the actuating element which is in continuous wave (vibration). The most common vibration control voltage, the actuator element which - electromagnetic relay - closes (at lower voltage) and opens (if enlarged) the excitation of the generator. VIBRATION TRANSPORT, device for guiding the movement of bulk and lump materials, pastes, liquids, ongoing operating vibration (load bearing) of vibrating machines (conveyors, pumps, feeder, feeders, hoppers). Vibration (from Lat. Vibratio - Oscillation), mechanical vibrations in engineering (machines, structures, etc.). Useful vibration is excited deliberately vibrators (working bodies vibrating machines) and is used in construction, engineering, medicine, and so on. N. A harmful vibration occurs, eg., When moving vehicles, and engines, turbines, and so on. D. And may violate modes and failure. To protect against vibration applied vibration isolation. The action of vibration on the body may be beneficial and harmful (vibration disease), depending on the frequency of vibration. Vibriosis, the same as campylobacteriosis. Vibrio (fr. Vibrion, from Lat. Vibro - hesitate to wriggle), a genus of bacteria. Gram negative curved rods in the form of a comma. Capable of rapid vibrational motion (hence the name). They live in water, soil, gut contents. Pathogenic species of Vibrio cause animal vibriosis and cholera in humans. Vibrissae (lat. Vibrissae), long hard sensitive (tactile) hair in mammals. Beams are usually located around the eyes, on the upper and lower jaws (eg., A feline whiskers), and sometimes in other parts of the body (on the feet of many marsupials). VIBRO ... [from the Latin. vibro - hesitation (smiling)], part of the composite words meaning: relating to the vibrational motion and vibration.
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