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ADZISIKI-TAKA, Japanese mythology, god of agriculture and agricultural implements of labor, the hero of folk songs. Adzva River, a river in the north-east of the European part of Russia, a right tributary of Usa. 334 km, the basin area of 10.6 thousand. Km2. Flows through Bolshezemelskaya tundra. ADI (Ady) Endre (1877-1919), a Hungarian poet and revolutionary democrat. Collections of romantic poetry: "Once again" (1903), "New Poems" (1906), "On the chariot Elijah" (1908). Adiabat (from the Greek. Adiabatos - impassable) line on the thermodynamic state diagram depicting adiabatic process. Adiabatic demagnetization, the physical process used for magnetic refrigeration and to achieve low temperatures based on the magnetocaloric effect. Adiabatic process (adiabatic process), the thermodynamic process in which the system does not receive heat from the outside and does not give it. Fast processes (eg., The propagation of sound) can be approximately regarded as adiabatic process in the absence of heat-insulating sheath. Adi-Buddha (Skt. Original Buddha), in Mahayana Buddhism the personification of all the buddhas - higher beings who have attained enlightenment. "ADIDAS" (Adidas), the German industrial company specializing in the production of athletic footwear, apparel and equipment. Founded in 1948. It has 8 companies in Germany and St. 25 subsidiaries in other. Countries, in Vol. H. In France, UK, USA, Canada, South Africa. With sales of 1.8 billion. USD., The number of employed 10.6 thous. People (con. 1980). ADIGE (Adige), a river in northern Italy. 410 km, the basin area of 14.7 thousand. Km2. Most of the flows in the Alps and flows into the Adriatic m. The average water flow of 266 m3 / s. Navigable. HPP. On Adige - Verona. Weakness (Gr. Adynamia - impotence), decreased motor activity, the sharp collapse during fasting, long debilitating and others. Illnesses. Adipic acid, HOOC (CH2) 4COOH, colorless crystals, mp 153 ° C. Raw materials in the production of polyamides, plasticizers, and lubricants. Adirondacks (Adirondack), a mountain range in the Appalachians (USA). Up to 1628 m. Coniferous and mixed forests. On the slopes of the resort in Lake Placid, the center of the Olympic Winter Games (1932, 1980). Aditya, in Vedic mythology the goddess-mother goddess intercessor; her sons - Adityas. Aditya, in Vedic and Hindu mythology one of the names of the deity of the sun, the son of Aditi; advocates also called Surya. Adler, Adler district of Sochi. Adler (Adler), Alfred (1870-1937), an Austrian psychiatrist and psychologist. Disciple of Sigmund Freud, the founder of individual psychology. The main source of motivation felt the desire to assert themselves as compensation arises in early childhood feelings of inferiority, defining specific to human "life-style". Influenced neo-Freudianism. Victor Adler (1852-1918), one of the organizers and leaders of the Austrian Social Democratic Party. The author of the first draft of the party program; participated in the development program of cultural-national autonomy. In 1918, Minister of Foreign Affairs. Guido Adler (1855-1941), Austrian music historian. One of the founders of modern European musicology. Proceedings of the methodology of music history, theory of musical styles, and aesthetics. ADLER Friedrich (1879-1960), one of the leaders of the Austrian Social Democratic Party and the ideologues of Austro-Marxism. Son of W. Adler. In 1911-16 Secretary of the Austrian Social Democratic Party, a centrist. In 1916, killed minister president K. Shtyurgka for refusing to restore the rights of the Reichsrat, dissolved in 1914. He was among the organizers and leaders of the 21/2-th (1921-23) and the Socialist Labour (1923-1940) International. Allerberg Vladimir Fedorovich (1791-1884), Russian statesman, General of Infantry (1843), Earl (1847). In 1842-57 the department operates post when it entered into Russian stamps. In 1852-70 the Minister of the Imperial Court and principalities. Administrative responsibility legal responsibility for administrative offense. See. Also the administrative collection. Administrative exile, 1) in Tsarist Russia removal without trial in the remote province on the orders of the king, some governors (from the 1850s.) Of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (1860-ies.). 2) Soviet legislation does not provide for administrative exile, but was used in violation of the law. Administrative jurisdiction, the activities of state bodies and their officials to resolve individual cases and administrative sanctioning of administrative order. Administrative Justice, a special procedure for resolving administrative and legal disputes in which the judicial or other. Special government bodies consider complaints about the actions of government and to make appropriate decisions. In the Russian Federation there is an isolated system of administrative justice. Administrative law branch of law that regulates social relations in the sphere of public administration. Administrative law determines the organization and activities of the administrative apparatus, the rights and duties of officials and citizens, the procedure for review of administrative disputes, administrative penalties and others. Administrative-territorial reform in the USSR 1923-29, the conversion of administrative-territorial division of the former Russian Empire on the principle of economic zoning. Abolished the province, counties and townships, created region (region), districts and regions. By 1930 in the RSFSR was 13 territories and regions (instead of the 72 provinces in 1922): Far East, Nizhny Novgorod, Lower Volga, Northern, North-Caucasus, Siberia, Middle Volga region, Western, industrial Ivanovo, Leningrad, Moscow, the Urals, Central Black Earth region. In al. Republics regional division initially introduced. In 1930 eliminated the district. Since 1932, with the economic development conducted unbundling territories and regions. Administrative-territorial division, the system of territorial organization of the state, on which are formed and function bodies of state power and administration. Provides for the division of the state territory into regions, districts, the districts, provinces, departments, and so on.. In the Russian Federation administrative units - the edges, regions and districts. Administrative offense (offense), unlawful, culpable act or omission that infringes on public order, the rights and freedoms of citizens on the established order management, involving administrative responsibility. In Russia, from 1989 cases on administrative offenses considered by judges to administrative and executive at district (city) people's courts. Administrative processes, activities of state bodies to resolve specific administrative affairs in public administration. According to the norms of the administrative process are considered, eg., Complaints and petitions of citizens, any disciplinary action. ADMINISTRATION (from Lat. Administratio - control), 1) the collection of state bodies exercising control functions. 2) Officials management, supervisory personnel institutions, enterprises. ADMINISTRATION (from Lat. Administro - Governors, Head), bureaucratic control method by command. Admiral butterfly family Nymphalidae. Wings span of 5-6 cm. Colouring mottled. Forest edges, in parks and gardens of Eurasia. Caterpillars on the leaves of nettles, thistles; crop plants do not harm. The number is decreasing. ADMIRAL (niderl. Admiraal, from Arabic. Amir al Bahr - the lord of the sea), military rank (rank) in the navies. In the Russian admiral ranks established by Peter I in the context. 17 - early. 18th centuries. Since 1940, there are titles: Rear Admiral, Vice Admiral, Admiral, Admiral of the Fleet (corresponding rank of Major General, Lieutenant General, Colonel-General, General of the Army), which have been preserved in the Russian Federation; 1955 was the title of Admiral (consistent with the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union). ADMIRALTY settlements kind of military settlements in Russia in the late. 18 in. - 1861 (in the region of Nikolaev and Kherson). Settlers served naval enterprise. ADMIRALTY ORDER, central government agency in Russia in 1700-12, was in charge of building and supplying weapons and Navy. Admiralty Islands (Admiralty Islands), in the Pacific c., In the Bismarck Archipelago. 2072 km2. The population of 32.8 thousand. People (1990). Height up to 719 m. The main town - Lorengau. Admiralty Board, the central state body of Navy in Russia in 1718 - 1827. Veda shipyards, linen and rope factory, the construction of harbors, training, arming and supplying the Navy. Admiralty, 1) military shipbuilding center; area by the sea or rivers, where the shipyards, workshops, warehouses for construction and repair of military ships. In Russia, there were the Admiralty in St. Petersburg, Voronezh, Sevastopol, Arkhangelsk and other cities.. 2) The building of the Admiralty in St. Petersburg, where in the 19th century. placed Headquarters Marine Ministry. Incorporated in 1704; rebuilt in the late. 20-30th. 18 in. architect IK Korobov, from 1806 AD Zakharov (completed in 1823), created a monumental building in the strict forms of the Russian Empire - the center of the architectural composition of the city. Sculpture of facades and interiors of the Admiralty work FF Shchedrin, I. Terebenev et al. 3) in the UK with the context. 17 in. the supreme organ of command and control of naval forces. Admiralty Council, governing body of marine agency in Russia in 1827-1917. Initially consultative body established by the Minister of the Navy, from 1836 higher economic institution of the Navy Department. Since 1907, the supreme institution of the Navy, headed by the Minister of Marine. Admiralty (Admiralty), a mountain range in the north-western part of Victoria Land (eastern. Antarctica). Up to 4163 m. Opened in 1841 British expedition J. Ross. Admony Vladimir G. (pres. Admony name Waldemar-Red-Wolf Goyshevich) (1909-93), Russian poet, translator, literary critic, linguist. The main area of interest - the history of German and Scandinavian literature, theory and history of the German language. Translated by H. Ibsen, B. Bjornson, G. Keller et al. Books: "Henrik Ibsen" (1956), "Thomas Mann" (1960), "The Poetics and reality. From the observation of foreign literature of XX century." (1975). Adnexitis (from Lat. Adnexa - appendages) (salpingo), inflammation of the uterus (fallopian tubes and ovaries) caused by staphylo-, streptomycin or gonococci, Escherichia coli, and others. Microbes. The main symptoms - pain in the abdomen. Adobe (Sp. Adobe), the same thing myself. Adolat Tarsus, Jerusalem (4 in.), The Christian ascetic monk. Memory in the Orthodox church on Saturday cheese. Adolat (4 in.), The Christian ascetic. Memory in the Orthodox church on Saturday cheese. Adomaitis (Adomaitis) Regimantas (b. 1937), Lithuanian actor, People's Artist of the USSR (1985). On the scene since 1962. Since 1967 the Lithuanian State Drama Theatre (Vilnius). Actor open, strong temperament, embodies the psychologically complex characters. Roles: Caligula ("Caligula" Camus, 1983), Moliere ("Moliere" Bulgakov, 1984), and others. Filmed in the movies: "This sweet word - freedom," "Julia Vrevskaya", "Centaurs" "Excuse me," and others. ADONAI (al., Eur.), in Judaism symbol of the god Yahweh; Russian equivalent to "the Lord". Adonis, the god of fertility in ancient Phoenician mythology. Corresponds to the Babylonian Tammuz. C 5. BC. e. Adonis cult spread to Greece, and later in Rome. Adonis, a small planet with a diameter of approx. 1 km, open E. Delporte (Belgium, 1936); revolves around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit with a period of 2.76 years. Adonis distance from the sun changes from 0.44 to 3.50 a. e. It may come closer to the Earth at a distance of up to 2 million. km. Adonis, born one or perennial grasses buttercup family. St. 20 species in the temperate zone of Eurasia and North. Africa; grow in dry open places. Adonis spring (Adonis) contains cardiac glycosides and used in medicine. Many species are poisonous. ADONTS Nicholas G. (1871-1942), an Armenian historian. Since 1920 abroad; 1930 Professor of the University of Brussels. Works on the history of Armenia, the Armenian-Byzantine relations. Adoratsky Vladimir (1878-1945), Russian politician, historian, academician of the USSR (1932). Member of the Revolution of 1905-07 (Kazan). Since 1920 one of the leaders of the Central Archives Department. In 1931-39 Director IMEL. Works on the history of Marxism. Adorno (Adorno) (Wiesengrund-Adorno) Theodore (1903-69), German philosopher, sociologist, musicologist. The representative of the Frankfurt School. Criticized the culture and society ("Dialectic of Enlightenment", 1948, together with M. Horkheimer) and the ideas of "negative dialectics". Adorno and his colleagues had in the beginning. 1940s. US study "authoritarian personality" as a socio-psychological preconditions of fascism. The concept of "new music" as the protocol fixing "unenlightened suffering" focuses on the work of the new composers of the Viennese school. Adrar des Ifoghas (Adrar de Iforas) (Iforas), a desert plateau cut by valleys, wadis, in the south of the Sahara, in the Republic of Mali. Height up to 890 m. Adrastea, Jupiter's moon, D. Jewitt opened and J.. Danielson (USA, 1979). Distance from Jupiter approx. 130 thousand. Km, diameter approx. 40 km. Adrastea, in Greek mythology, the goddess of retribution, was identified with the Nemesis. The name of the nymphs who raised Zeus. Adrenaline, the hormone of the adrenal medulla in animals and humans. The mediator of the nervous system of cold-blooded. Arriving in blood, increases oxygen consumption and blood pressure, blood sugar, stimulates metabolism, and so on. D. When emotional experiences, enhanced muscular work content of adrenaline in the blood. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, corticotropin), animal and human hormone produced by the pituitary gland. Stimulates growth of the adrenal cortex and education in her hormones - corticosteroids. In mobilizing the body's defenses adrenocorticotropic hormone synthesis is enhanced. Chemical nature - peptide. It is used in medicine for the lack of it in the body and many diseases. Adrainoliticaskie funds, medicinal adrenoceptor blocking agents to prevent or mitigate the effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and others. Adrenomimeticheskih funds due to violation of the interaction of a mediator with the appropriate receptors. Adrenomimeticheskim, medicinal substances that cause effects similar to the effects of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and irritation of the sympathetic nervous system. ADDRESS (fr. Adresse), 1) the location of the institution, business or residence of the person. 2) A written congratulations, mainly on the occasion of the anniversary. 3) Address in computing - symbolic designation field memory (cell or storage area), which houses the data; location is often called the address of the computer Kamanda. DESTINATION (it. Adressat), the recipient (person, institution), which addressed mail. SRES-CALENDAR, the official annual publication (1765-1916) in the Russian Empire, the list of officers of all public institutions (central and local). ADRIAN (Hadrianus) (76 - 138), Roman emperor from 117 of the Antonine dynasty. Relied on the riders. When it increased the imperial power and centralization of state institutions. On the borders of the empire Adrian has created a system of powerful fortifications and defensive walls. ADRIAN (Andrew) (1627 or 1639-1700), Russian patriarch to 1690. In 1678-86 Chudova Archimandrite Monastery. Since 1686, Metropolitan Kazan and Sviazhsky. Condemned the introduction of Peter I bradobritiya, smoking, cancellation Russian national clothes. Author ecclesiastical writings. ADRIAN (5 in.), A monk, a presbyter, the author of exegetical works of "Introduction to the Holy Scriptures," which is opposed to the allegorical method of interpreting the Bible. ADRIAN I (Hadrianus) (d. 795), the Pope with 772. He conducted a policy of close alliance with Charlemagne in order to enhance the Papal States; fought heresy adoptsionizma. Sent delegates to the condemned iconoclasm 7th Ecumenical Council of Nicaea, after which the improved relations between the Eastern and Western churches. ADRIAN IV (Hadrianus) (in the world Nicholas Breakspear, Nicholas Breakspear) (c. 1100-1159), Pope from 1154, single dad Englishman. The monk, then abbot of the Augustinian monastery of St. Rufus near Avignon, the Cardinal (1150), the papal legate in Scandinavia (1152), where he reorganized the church on the principles of the Gregorian reform. Fought with the republican movement in Rome, led by Arnold of Brescia. In 1155 crowned Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. ADRIAN VI (Hadrianus) (in the world Dedele Adrian, Adrian Dedel) (1459-1523), Pope from 1522, single dad, a Dutchman. A native of Utrecht; Professor of Theology, then rector of the University of Louvain. Since 1507 the teacher of the future Emperor Charles V. Bishop Tortosa (1516), inquisitor of Aragon and Navarre (1516), Cardinal (1517). During his short pontificate tried, albeit unsuccessfully, to reform the Roman Curia, to limit the spread of the Reformation, to reconcile and unite the rulers of Europe to protect against Turkey. ADRIAN Volokolamsk (16 in.), The Monk, the founder (along with Zosima Volokolamsk) Nursing monastery in Volokolamsk district (not preserved). Memory in the Orthodox Church, 8 (21) of May. ADRIAN Corinth (d. 251), the Christian martyr damaged in Corinth in the persecution of Emperor Decius. Memory in the Orthodox Church 17 (30) of April. ADRIAN Manganeysky (d. C. 309), the Christian martyr who suffered in Caesarea in Palestine in the persecutions of the Emperor Maximin. Memory in the Orthodox Church 3 (16) of February, March 5 Catholic. ADRIAN (in the world Amos) Monzensky (d. 1610), the monk, founder (1592) of the Annunciation Monastery on the river Monza near Kostroma. Memory in the Orthodox Church, 5 (18) of May. ADRIAN Nicomedia (d. Between 305-311), the Christian martyr pretoronachalnik damaged in persecution of the Emperor Maximilian; St. spouse. Natalia Nicomedia. Memory in the Orthodox Church on August 26 (September 8), in the Catholic 8 September. Adrian of Ondrusov (secular lord Andrew Zavalishin) (d. 1549), Martyr, disciple of St. Alexander Svirsky. Founder of St. Nicholas Monastery (Ondrusovskoy desert) on the eastern shore of Lake Ladoga. Killed by robbers. Memory in the Orthodox Church on August 26 (September 8) and 17 (30) May. ADRIAN Poshehonsky, Yaroslavl (d. 1550), founder (1540) and the abbot of the Monastery of the Dormition on the river. Votha near Poshekhonye in Yaroslavl province. Memory in the Orthodox Church, 5 (18) in March and 19 November (December 2). ADRIAN Solovetsky (d. C. 1632), a hermit. Memory in the Orthodox Church, 9 (22) August (the Cathedral of the Solovetsky saints). ADRIAN Uglich (d. After 1504), Hieromonk, student and attendant of the monk Paisius of Uglich, founded with him Grehozaruchny Nicholas Monastery (1489) and became its first abbot. Memory in the Orthodox Church on August 26 (September 8). ADRIAN E. D. cm. Adrian ED ADRIANOV Boris (b. 1921), test pilot, Distinguished Test Pilot of the USSR. He participated in the battles of the Great Patriotic War, was awarded. In 1960 set an absolute world speed record for a closed curve, marked by the International Aeronautical Federation medal de Lavaux. Hadrian-Peretz Varvara Pavlovna (1888-1972), Russian and Ukrainian literary critic, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1926) and the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1943). Studies of Old Russian and Russian literature of 17-18 centuries. Ukrainian literature. Adrianople, the Greek name of Edirne (Turkey). WORLD Adrianople, 09.14.1829, concluded Russian-Turkish war of 1828-29. Russia absorbed the mouth of the Danube islands and a number of fortresses on the eastern shore of the Black m. Turkey recognized the accession of Russia to Georgia, Imereti, Samegrelo, autonomy of Moldavia, Wallachia, Serbia and Greece. Adrianople battle, 9.8.378, approx. Adrianople, the rebels defeated the Visigoths Roman army of Emperor Valens. Adriatic Sea, part of the Mediterranean m., Between the Apennine and Balkan p-ovami. 144 thousand. Km2. Depth to 1230 m. Fishing (mackerel and others.). Oil and gas production on the shelf. Ports: Venice, Trieste, Rijeka, Split, Durres. Hadronic atoms, atomlike system in which the forces of electrostatic attraction bind positively charged nucleus with negative hadron ("p" -, K - mesons, antiprotons, and others.). Hadronic atoms produced during braking negative hadron matter. Hadrons elementary particles involved in strong interactions (baryons and mesons, including all resonances). "Hell-mail", the monthly satirical magazine, published in St. Petersburg in 1769 FA Emin. Published 6 books. In the form of correspondence of the two demons ridiculed abuse of officials, the serf; was persecuted. Adsorption device, in medicine - finely divided water-insoluble powders; used in diseases of the skin in the form of powders and inside in case of poisoning and certain gastrointestinal diseases. Adsorption pump, vacuum pump, the effect of which is based on the phenomenon of gas evacuated adsorption on the zeolite surface, or the like. Getter material in t. H. Getter. Adsorption (from Lat. Ad - on when and sorbeo - absorbing), the absorption of gases, vapors or liquids surface layer of a solid (adsorbent) or liquid. Adsorbents are typically large surface area - up to several hundred m2 / g. Physical adsorption - the result of dispersion and electrostatic forces. If the adsorption is accompanied by chemical reaction adsorbate with an adsorbent, it is called chemisorption. In industry, the adsorption is carried out in a special apparatus - adsorbers; used for drying gases, organic liquids and cleaning water collecting valuable or harmful waste products. ADSTRAT (from Lat. Ad - under, around and stratum - layer formation), 1) linguistic phenomena are explained as a result of the influence of one language into another prolonged contact peoples who speak these languages when there is no ethnic assimilation and dissolution of one language another; Wed. substrate superstratum. 2) Variety of bilingualism, due to the influence of a foreign language into the language of the natives. Adularia, 1) mineral colorless transparent variety of orthoclase; 2) in gemology - transparent orthoclase with white or blue reflections, tints. Jewelry stone. Characteristic of alpine lived. Opalescent adularia - moonstone. Adour (Adour), a river in south-west France. 335 km, the basin area of 22 thousand. Km2. Beginning in the Pyrenees, flows into the Hall of Biscay. The average water flow of 360 m3 / s. Navigable downstream. HPP. ADHYATMAN (Skt. Supreme Spirit), in the Vedic philosophy of the world soul. ADEKTIVATSIYA (from Lat. Adjectivum - adjective), transition words al. Parts of Speech in the adjectives. Eg., The adjectives "chopped", "colored" formed as a result adektivatsii participles. Associate (from Lat. Adjunctus - attached), 1) in a number of countries Zap. Europe and Russia until 1917 person passing scientific training, an assistant professor. 2) The officer engaged in adjuncture. Postgraduate, one of the main forms of scientific and scientific-pedagogical staff in universities and research institutions of the Armed Forces. Similar to the graduate school at civilian universities. Graduates of postgraduate and defended a thesis obtained PhD degree. Adjutant (it. Adjutant), officer, held in chief for various assignments. ADYUTOR African (d. Between 249-259), the Christian martyr. Memory in the Orthodox and the Catholic Church on 18 December.

FRIEDRICH WILHELM NIETZSCHE / ФРИДРИХ ВИЛЬГЕЛЬМ НИЦШЕ

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