Меню
Личный кабинет Вход и регистрация
Регистрация
Назад » »

ИЗ СЛОВАРЕЙ (206)


VALLAK (Vallak) Peet (pres. Name and fam. Peeter Pedayas, Pedajas) (1893-1959), an Estonian writer. Collections of short stories "Riot Brain" (1926), "Things turvy" (1935) about the life of the inhabitants of the city suburbs of Estonia; "Grains of the many bins" (Vol. 1-3, 1945-48). Vallathol Narayana Menon (1878-1958), Indian poet. Wrote in Malayalam and Sanskrit. National liberation, international motifs (vv "Crying Indian", "seventh day of November"). Valle (Wallach), Otto (1847-1931), a German organic chemist. Discovered and explored many terpenes. Nobel Prize (1910). De la Vallée Poussin, see. La Vallee Poussin. Aosta Valley (Valle d'Aosta), region in northwest Italy. 3.3 thousand. Km2. The population of 117 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Adm. c. - Aosta. Wallenberg (Wallenberg), financial and industrial group in Sweden. There was in the beginning. 20 in. Supervises banks and insurance companies. Associated with major corporations electrical industry and shipbuilding in the West. Europe. Vallin de la Mothe (Vallin de la Mothe) Jean-Baptiste Michel (1729-1800), a French architect. He worked in Russia in 1759-75. Buildings in St. Petersburg: Guest House (1761-85), the Small Hermitage (1764-67) in the style of early Russian classicism. Participated in the design of the building of Arts (1764-88) and warehouses "New Holland" (1765-80). Vallentin (Vallentin) Maxim (1904-1987), a German film director, theatrical figure. In 1950 created a studio in Berlin "Young Ensemble" (1952 Theater. Maxim Gorky). Wallenstein (Waldstein) (Wallenstein) Albrecht (1583-1634), commander, from 1625 Chief of the Habsburg forces unit in the Thirty Years War 1618-48. Won a series of victories over the forces of Danish King Christian IV and the German Protestant princes. Defeated at Lutzen the army of the Swedish king Gustav II Adolf (1632). On a charge of relations with the enemy relieved of his command and killed by his officers. Wallerius (Wallerius) Johan Gottschalk (1709-85), Swedish chemist, an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1776). Major works on general chemistry. Introduced a system of classification of natural minerals. Valles (Valles) Jules (1832-85), French writer and politician. A member of the 1st International. Member of the Paris Commune of 1871. In an autobiographical trilogy "Jacques Ventra" (1879-86, posthumously) - the history of the Paris Commune. Published the newspaper "Cri du ashes"; books of essays. VALLETTA (Valletta) (La Valletta), the capital of Malta, a port on the Mediterranean m. 9.2 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). International Airport. shipyard; food, textile, light industry; Crafts. University, armory, art gallery, an architectural monument of 16-18 centuries. Founded in the 60s. 16 in. Named for the Master of the Knights of St. John J. Parisot de la Jack. VALLIZER (Walliser) Otto (b. 1928), German geologist, paleontologist, a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; Foreign Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1988). Proceedings on biostratigraphy, paleoecology and evolution of the organic world. Author of classic works on Goniatite Devonian and Carboniferous, middle Paleozoic conodonts and tentakulitoideyam Devonian. Welsh (Welsh, Kimrsky), refers to the Celtic group of the Indo-European family of languages. Writing on the basis of the Latin alphabet. Welsh, see. The Welsh. Valais (Wallis) (Wallis), John (1616-1703), English mathematician. One of the founders of the Royal Society of London. Work "Arithmetic infinite" (1655) played an important role in the creation of the infinitesimal calculus. Vallisneria, born underwater perennial grass family Hydrocharitaceae. Ok. 10 species in freshwater tropical, subtropical and temperate zones. Vallisneria spiralis bred in aquariums. Wallonia (Wallon) Henry (1879-1962), French psychologist, social activist. Member of the Resistance Movement. Founder of the school in the field of child psychology. Major works on child and genetic psychology and abnormal psychology and applied psychology. Wallonia, the people in Belgium (approx. 3.9 million. People). They also live in France, USA and others. The total number of 4.1 million. People (1992). Speak Walloon dialect of the French language. Believers - Catholics. Vallotton (Vallotton) Felix (1865-1925), a Swiss graphic artist and painter. Stress-contrast concise woodcuts, portraits, landscapes, graphic series ("Story of a Crime"), dramatic scenes ("Demonstration", 1893). Valmiera (Valmiera) (until 1917 the official name of Wolmar), a city in Latvia, p. Gauja. 29.8 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Railway station. Plants: fiberglass, fire-fighting equipment; furniture factory; food industry. Theater. Museum. Known since the 13th century., In Russian chronicles - Vladimerets. Church Shimane (13 in.). Gross profit of the gross income of the enterprise, which remains with him after deduction of all costs. Gross output of the gross national product produced by the enterprise (association) or industry (industry, agriculture, construction, and so on. D.) For a certain period (usually a year), expressed in wholesale prices. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the rate of national income statistics in the national accounts; expresses the total value of final goods and services produced in the territory of the country, at market prices. In its natural-material form of GDP - a set of goods and services used during the year for consumption and accumulation. See. And Gross National Product. Gross income, cash revenues of industry and agriculture, resulting from the sale of products and services, net of material costs. Gross national product (GNP), the rate of national income statistics in the national accounts; correlated with gross domestic product (GDP). Expresses the total value of final goods and services at market prices. Includes the cost of household consumption of goods and services, government procurement, capital investment and the balance of payments. In contrast, GDP includes net income from abroad. VALSKHAP (Walschap) Gerard (1898-1989), a Belgian writer. Wrote in Dutch. Trilogy "Family Routgoftov" (1929-33), and others. Novels portray critically mores of contemporary society. Anti-colonial novel, "The uprising in the Congo" (1953). The novel "The Prodigal Son" (1958) and "The Double" (1964) on the formation of personality. Plays. Belshazzar, the son of the last king of Babylon Nabonidus. He died in 539 BC. e. the capture of Babylon by the Persians. Contained in the Bible description of the feast of Belshazzar ("Belshazzar's Feast"), and a prophecy of his death (which appeared on the wall the words "The writing on the wall") were reflected in art. Walter (Valters) Janis (1869-1932), Latvian painter. Expressive genre urban scene, folk types ("On the market", 1897), realistic landscapes. Walton (Valton) (pres. Fam. Vallikivi, Vallikivi) Arvo (b. 1935), an Estonian writer. Books grotesque satirical ("Eight Japanese women", 1968), of social stories and historical and philosophical short stories, parables ("Mustamäe love", 1979; "old scores", 1981). Collections of aphorisms ("hastily remorse", 1989), poems. In the historical novel-stylization of Genghis Khan "Path to the other end of infinity" (1978; translated into Russian - "Paths converge in eternity") - the theme of immortality, the active opposition of evil and good contemplative. French Horn (from it. Waldhorn, letters. - Forest horn, Italy. Corno), wind musical instrument. Appeared in the late. 17 in. as a result of improvements in hunting horn. The modern type of horn with valves created in the 1st Thurs. 19 in. Valois (Valois), the dynasty of French kings in 1328-1589. The most famous representatives: Charles V, Louis XI, Francis I, Henry II, Henry III. Valois (Valois) Nineth de (pres. Name and fam. Stannus Idris, Stannus) (p. 1898), the English ballet dancer and choreographer. Was among the founder and artistic director (1931-63) of the troupe "Sadler's Wells Ballet" (1957 Royal Ballet of Great Britain). Valuev Dmitry Aleksandrovich (1820-45), Russian historian, Slavophile. Initiated the study of regionalism. Issued "Sinbirsky collection" and "Collection of historical and statistical data on Russia and the peoples of the same faith and her edinoplemennyh" (2 m.). Valuev Petr (1815-90), Count (1880), Russian statesman. In 1861-68 the Minister of Internal Affairs, led the County and censorship reforms. In 1872-79 the Minister of State Property, in 1879-81 chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers. Maneuvered between "liberal bureaucrats" and conservatives. Author of "Diary." Valuy, agaric genus syroezhek order Agaricales. Edible. Used for salting, but requires a long soaking. Valuiki, a city in the Russian Federation, Belgorod region. Railway junction. 35.3 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Food industry. Founded in the late. 16 in. ROCKS rounded fragments of rocks ranging in size from 10 cm to 10 m in diameter. Rounded shape acquire when transferring water streams and glaciers; common in alluvial and glacial deposits. WETHER MUTTON, wether; well fattened. TREES AND ROMAN, the system of fortifications of the Roman Empire in the 1-2 centuries. for protection against attacks of the barbarians. Guarded 15-25-strong army. The best known are: Trajanov shaft on the territory of modern Moldova and Romania, Hadrian and Antonine in England and Verhnegermansky Rhaetian in ancient Germany. VALBERHOVA Maria Ivanovna (1788 / 89-1867), the Russian actress. Daughter II Valberha. Since 1807 (with a break) at the St. Petersburg stage. Comedic talent Valberhovoy appreciated Pushkin, Belinsky. Valbuena (Balbuena) Bernardo de (1568-1627), Spanish poet, Bishop of Puerto Rico. Follower L. de Gongora-and-Argote. The author of the epic poem "The greatness of Mexico" (1604), and others. Most of his manuscripts burned when committed by Dutch pirates fire episcopal palace. Waldeck-Rousseau (Waldeck-Rousseau) Rene (1846-1904), French Prime Minister in 1899-1902; in a political crisis caused by the Dreyfus affair, a cabinet, which included all categories of Versaillais General G. Galliffet to socialist A. Millerand. Waldemar I (Valdemar) (1131-82), King of Denmark from 1157. Captured in the Pomeranian Slavs about. Ruyan (Rugen, 1169). Relied on the church, pacified the rebellious lords. Valdemar II (1170-1241), King of Denmark from 1202 to subdue a number of territories in North. Germany (lost them, was defeated in 1227 by North German princes) and the North. Estonia (Estland, 1219). Valdemar IV Atterdag (Atterdag) (c. 1320-75), King of Denmark from 1340 restoring royal authority over most of the country. In the 1367-70 war with the Hanseatic League was defeated. Wald (Walden) Paul (Pavel Ivanovich) (1863-1957), a Russian chemist, academician of the USSR (1925; academician of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences since 1910, Academician since 1917), foreign honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1927). Latvian by birth. Since 1919 in Germany. Proceedings on the electrochemistry of solutions, optical isomers (ie opened. N. Walden inversion), the history of chemistry. Valdengo (Valdengo) Giuseppe (b. 1914), Italian singer (baritone). Soloists "La Scala" (1938-46), "Metropolitan Opera" (1947-54), and others., Became famous in lots of operas J. Verdi - Amonasro, Iago, Falstaff ("Aida," "Othello," "Falstaff "). The book "I sang with Arturo Toscanini" (1962) Waldersee (Waldersee) Alfred von (1832-1904), German Field Marshal (1900). In 1888-91 chief of staff, played for a preventive war against Russia and France. In 1900-01 commanded the combined forces powers in the suppression of the Boxer Rebellion. Valdes Leal (Valdes Leal) Juan de (1622-90), Spanish painter. The representative of the late baroque. Exalted religious paintings, preaching the impermanence of life ("Descent from the Cross", 1660-ies.). Valdes (Valdes) Juan de (1500-41), Spanish writer and scholar and educator. Author of the treatise "Dialogue on Language" (1530-36), and others. Valdivia, a city and port in the south of Chile, on the river. Valdivia. 121.8 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Food, pulp and paper, shipyards. University. Founded in 1552. Valdivia (Valdivia) Pedro de (1500? -1554?), Spanish conquistador, participated in the conquest of Peru and Chile, led a bitter struggle against the Araucanians. Letters Valdivia Emperor Charles V - a valuable source on the history of Chile. Valdis (Waldis) Burkard (1490-1556), German poet. "Burgher" drama "The Parable of the Prodigal Son" (1527), a collection of fables "Updated Aesop Arrangement poems" (1548). Waldmüller Ferdinand (1793-1865), an Austrian painter. The representative of the Biedermeier period. Portraits ("AK Razumovsky", 1835), poetic landscapes and scenes of peasant life ("Collectors of firewood in the Vienna Woods", 1855) differ benevolent attitude to people, subtlety of observation. Waldheim (Waldheim) Kurt (b. 1918), the Federal President of Austria in 1986-92. UN Secretary-General in 1972-81. In 1968-70 the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Austria. Woodcock (woodcock), a bird of the family Charadriidae. Length approx. 35 cm. It lives in the forests of Eurasia. In the spring the males current flights (morning and evening craving). The object of sport hunting. VALLE Inclán Ramon Maria del (1869-1936), Spanish writer. In the early prose - exquisite archaism, the influence of modernism, passion erotic theme (mundane cycle "Sonata" 1902-05). In a series of novels about the Carlist wars, original dramas - sharp social criticism, diversity of types, exaggeration, grotesque. Roman pamphlet "Tyrant Banderas" (1926), film series "Arena Iberian circus" ("Court of Miracles" 1927 "Long live my lord!", 1928). VALLE (Valier) Max (1895-1930), a German engineer, promoter of the idea of space travel. In 1928-29 carried out experiments on the use of rocket engines for vehicles, railcars, and others. He died in experiments with liquid rocket engine. VALLE-And-KAVEDES (Valle y Caviedes) Juan del (c. 1652-1694), a Peruvian poet and satirist. Follower F. de Quevedo-and-Villegas. His satires and epigrams diverged orally (the collection "Toothy Parnassus" was published only in 1873). VALLEJO (Vallejo) Cesar (1892-1938), the Peruvian writer. In the lyrics, the marked influence of modernism - the elements of traditional Indian attitude, motives of loneliness, death, human suffering (the collection "Black Heralds", 1918; "Trilse", 1923; "human poetry," published in 1939). A novel about Peruvian workers Indians "Tungsten" (1931). Book of essays "Russia 1931" (1931). Walzer (Walser) Martin (b. 1927), German writer, member of the "Group of 47". Social criticism, bright satirical imagery in the trilogy "Half of the game" (1960), "Unicorn" (1966), "Crash" (1973). Spiritual degradation of the individual, powerless to resist the social and ideological mechanisms of society, the tragic disunity of people in the novels "The disease Gallistlya" (1972), "On the Other Side of Love" (1976), "Swan House" (1980), "Surf" (1985); novels, plays. Robert Walser (1878-1956), a Swiss writer. Wrote in German. In social novels "Tanner Family" (1907), "The Assistant" (1908), "Jakob von Gunten" (1909), short stories - a parody of the rule of law in Switzerland. Valkyrie (al., Scand. Valkyrja, letters. - Choosing killed), in Norse mythology warlike virgins, decisive for the outcome of the will of the god Odin battles. Selected the bravest of the fallen soldiers and carried off to Valhalla. Valkyrie image used in music and poetry (the opera "The Valkyrie" Wagner et al.). Hips (Valmy), a village in France, to the west of Verdun (department Marne). Ok. Valmy 20/09/1792, during the war against revolutionary France 1st anti-French coalition, the French army was first defeated the army of the Austro-Prussian invaders and French royalists. Valmiki, the legendary ancient Indian poet. Is the author of the original text of the poem "Ramayana". Valmiki - one of the heroes of its 1st and 7th books of more recent origin. Gambrel roof, 4-pitched, with triangular ramps (hips) from the ridge to the eaves on the front face. If the hip does not extend to the eaves, roof called poluvalmovaya. Walras (Walras) Leon Marie Esprit (1834-1910), a Swiss economist. Constructed a general economic-mathematical model of the economy. Wallraf (Wallraf) Gunther (b. 1942), German writer, member of the "Group of 61". Journalistic essays ("Unwanted reports", 1970) and the documentary book "The Birth of a sensation ..." (1977), "The prosecution witnesses ..." (1976), "Handbook" Bild "(1981)," On the bottom "(1985). Balsamon Theodore (c. 1140 - after 1195), the Byzantine canonist. The author of commentaries on Nomocanon Photios, which became part of Pidaliona - Greek Rudder - and became one of the most important documents of the canon law of the Orthodox Church. boston, American ballroom dance free composition, with a characteristic stride on the first beat of the measure. The musical size 3/4. WALTER, automatic 8-charging gun of German company "Walter", caliber 9 mm. operated by the Nazi army (model 1938) was used in the 2 th world War. WALTER Alexander Filippovich (1898-1941), Russian physicist, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1933). Major works on dielectric breakdown. WALTER Anton Karlovich (1905-65), Ukrainian physicist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1951) . Proceedings of nuclear physics. Supervised construction of the first Soviet electrostatic electron accelerator to 2.5 MeV (1935-36). Member facilities electron linear accelerator to 1.8 GeV (1964, Kharkiv). WALTER (Walter) Bruno (pres. Name and fam. Bruno Walter Schlesinger, Schlesinger) (1876-1962), German conductor. He worked in opera houses in Vienna, Munich, London, Berlin, Gewandhaus Orchestra in Leipzig. In 1933 emigrated to the United States since 1939. Toured in Russia. Became famous for interpreting works of Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms, Mahler. WALTER (Walther), Johannes (1860-1937), a German geologist, foreign honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1930). Works on the paleoecology, Facies, Marine Biology. Develop methods actualism in geology. WALTER Peter Alexandrovich (1888-1947), the Russian scientist, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1933). Major works on aerodynamics and hydrodynamics. repressed; posthumously rehabilitated. Walter Scott, see. Scott W. Walther von der Vogelweide (Walther von der Vogelweide) (c. 1170 - c. 1230), German poet minnesinger. Landscape and love poems, satirical shpruhi against princely feuds and the papacy. Valhalla, Valhalla (ancient Scand. Valholl - palace of the dead), in Norse mythology, Odin's palace, where fall fallen warriors in battle and where they continue with their heroic life. Calendering (calendering) deforming workpieces in forging rolls of metal, rubber compositions and plastics. With rolling get finished parts, precision blanks for stamping and others. Waltz (from it. Walze - roller skating rink), a working blacksmith's tools, crushers and others. Machines - 2 rolls rotating in opposite directions, which enables the capture and processing of the material passing therebetween. Muller surface rippled in forging rolls available stream corresponding to the configuration details. Valladolid (Valladolid), a city in Spain, the administrative center of the province. Valladolid. 334 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Engineering, chemicals, non-ferrous metallurgy; manufacture of jewelry. University. Known since the 10th c. Church of Santa Maria la Antigua (11-14 cc.), The Church of San Pablo (15 in., In Plateresque) flanked by porticos Plaza Mayor (16 in.). CURRENCY (ital. Valuta, letters. - Value) 1) currency of a country and its type (gold, silver, paper); 2) The funds in the accounts, paper money, coins, bills, checks, used in international transactions (foreign currency). See. Also convertible currency. Currency monopoly, the exclusive right of the state to foreign currency, gold. Connected with the monopoly of foreign trade. WORLD CURRENCY SYSTEM, form of organization of international monetary relations, due to the development of the world economy and international agreements legally fixes. Its defining elements: national and collective currency units, the composition and structure of international liquid assets (foreign currency and gold reserves), the mechanism of currency parities and courses, conditions of mutual convertibility of currencies, the volume of foreign exchange restrictions, forms of international payments, the regime of international currency markets and global markets gold status interstate currency-credit organizations regulating currency relations. See. Also the gold standard, gold exchange standard, Jamaica agreement. NATIONAL CURRENCY SYSTEM, form of organization of exchange relations between the state, which is determined by national legislation. Its elements are: the national currency, the composition of official foreign exchange reserves, exchange rate parity and the exchange rate mechanism fomirovaniya conditions currency convertibility, the presence or absence of exchange restrictions, the order of the external accounts of the country, the regime of the national currency market and the gold market, the status of national institutions regulating currency relations countries. Currency bloc, grouping of states in which the currency of the participating countries was attached to the currency of the hegemonic. Emerged during the global economic crisis of 1929-33 (Sterling 1931 dollar 1933 gold 1933-36), was transformed into currency areas. Currency area groupings of states which have developed during and after the 2nd World War II on the basis of currency blocs. In currency areas known conducted monetary policy and coordination of external accounts. Major currency zones - sterling, dollar, franc zone. Currency restrictions, the system of government measures designed to restrict trading in foreign currencies, gold and others. Currency values. Established through legislation or administrative order; an integral part of monetary policy. Currency restrictions include: the prohibition of sale of foreign currency; surrender of its authorities at the official rate; regulation of transfers and payments abroad, capital exports; repatriation of profits. When foreign exchange restrictions currency transactions are concentrated in the central or specially authorized banks. Currency restrictions applied as a last resort against persistent imbalance settlements with foreign countries and to maintain the exchange rate, as well as for the purpose of raising funds for the payment of external debt. Foreign exchange transactions, banking transactions in the currency markets, related to the sale of foreign currency. Currency transactions carried out under the terms of immediate delivery rates ("spot") and in the form of forward transactions, ie. E. In the future delivery of currency at the exchange rate prevailing at the time of the transaction ("forward"). Forward exchange transactions are conducted for insurance against currency risks and for speculation on the difference between actual and expected rates. A number of currency transactions is a combination of transactions "spot" and "forward". Currency values, the values for which the government sets a limited mode of treatment. Thus, in the Russian Federation to currency values include: foreign currency and expressed therein vouchers, securities, precious metals (gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals), natural precious stones in raw and processed form (diamonds, rubies, emeralds , sapphire, alexandrite), pearls, except for household and other jewelry. articles of these metals and stones. Currency crisis, aggravation of contradictions in the monetary sphere, which manifests itself in the sharp fluctuations in exchange rates, balance of payments imbalances, movements of loan capital. The currency crisis is accompanied by increased government intervention in the form of devaluations and revaluations, the introduction of foreign exchange restrictions, event general economic nature. Exchange rate, price (quote) currency of one country, expressed in the currency of another country. Currency relations economically developed countries are based on the "floating" exchange rates, depending on supply and demand in the national currencies in their respective markets. Currency market, aggregate demand and supply on the currency. Currency market participants: banks, businesses, exporters and importers, investors, central banks, brokerage firms and others. Financial institutions. Mediates international payments. VALYUSHKIS Gediminas (b. 1927), the Lithuanian architect, honored architect of Lithuania (1977). Residential Zone Lazdynai in Vilnius (1965-66, 1969-73, and co-workers). Lenin Prize (1974). Vampilov Alexander V. (1937-72), Russian playwright. Ostrokonfliktnye moral-psychological play, "eldest son", "Duck Hunt" (both 1970), "Last summer Chulimsk" (1972), a satirical play. VAMPIRES (desmodovye), a family of bats. The body length of 6,5-9 cm. 3 species in tropical and subtropical America. Eat only fresh blood of mammals and birds. Vampires also called representatives of some other. Families of bats, for example. false vampires. Whampoa School, see. Huangpu school. "VAMPUKA ..." opera-parody, making fun of the conventions and dilapidated tradition in opera performances. Music conductor and composer V. Ehrenberg on the text of the play "Vampuka, Princess of Africa" MN Volkonskogo. Staged in St. Petersburg in 1909. The name "vampuka" is commonly used as a designation of all artificial, stilted in theatrical productions. Wampum (from Indian. Wampumpeag - thread strung with their shells), a means of storing and transmitting messages at the North American Indian tribes. America. The content of messages express the color, quantity and interposition shells.
Никто не решился оставить свой комментарий.
Будь-те первым, поделитесь мнением с остальными.
avatar