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In the third letter of the Russian alphabet; dates back to the Cyrillic letters ("lead"), which had, in addition to the sound, as the numerical value of 2. Waal see. Baal. Waal (Vaal), a river in South Africa, a right tributary of the Orange. Ok. 1250 km. The average consumption of water in the lower reaches of 114 m3 / s. Used for water supply and irrigation. On Baal - of Vereeniging. Waals NY. D. van der See. Van der Waals JD Vaarandi (Vaarandi) Deborah (b. 1916), Estonian poet, People's Writer of Estonia (1971). In the collection of lyrical poems "To the sound of the surf" (1948), "The Dreamer window" (1959), "Bread coastal plains" (1965), "In light of the Wind" (1977) - associative imagery, philosophy, intense emotionality. Vabalninkas (Vabalninkas) (until 1917 the official name Vobolniki), city (1950) in Lithuania, 27 km from the railway Art. Kupiškis. 1.9 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Vabbe (Vabbe) Adolf (1892-1961), Estonian painter and graphic artist, Honored Artist of Estonia (1946). The influence of Impressionism and Futurism ("Family with a car", 1960); made a significant contribution to the development of the Estonian book graphics. Vabkent, city (1981) in Uzbekistan, Bukhara region., 28 km from the city of Bukhara. 13.1 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Textile industry; Poultry. Wawel (Wawel), the name of a hill in Krakow, to the south of the old city. Rotunda of the Virgin Mary (2nd floor. 10 in.), Royal Castle (13-17 cc., Now in it placed Staatliche), the Gothic Cathedral (14th c., The tomb of the Polish kings and leaders of national history). Babylas of Antioch (d. 251), bishop, martyr damaged in persecution of emperor Decius. Memory in the Orthodox Church, 4 (17) of September, the Catholic Jan. 24. Vavila Nicomedia (d. Between 305-311), the Christian martyr, a teacher, who was killed along with the children in the persecution of the Emperor Maximilian. Memory in the Orthodox Church, 4 (17) of September. Vavila Sicilian (d. Con. 3 in.), The Christian hermit who lived on about. Sicily; Holy Martyr. Memory in the Orthodox Church on January 24 (February 6). VAVILOV Alexander (1922-83), the Russian scientist, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1976). Proceedings on research techniques for absolute stability in nonlinear control systems. Nikolay Ivanovich Vavilov (1887-1943), a Russian biologist, geneticist, founder of the modern theory of the biological basis of selection and the doctrine of the centers of origin of cultivated plants, academician of the USSR (1929), academician (1929) and the first president (1929-35) of Agricultural Sciences, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1929). Brother Vavilov organized botanical-agronomic expeditions to the Mediterranean, North. Africa, North. and South. America, established in their territory the oldest centers of formation of cultivated plants. Brought together the world's largest collection of seeds of cultivated plants, laid the foundations gossortoispytaniya field crops. Justified the doctrine of immunity of plants (1919), discovered the law of homologous series in genetic variability of organisms (1920). Initiated the creation of a number of research institutions. Bravely defended genetics in the fight against "doctrine" Lysenko. Member of the Central Executive Committee, the CEC of the USSR. President of the All-Union Geographical Society (1931-40). Prize. Lenin (1926). repressed; posthumously rehabilitated. VAVILOV Peter (1918-84), a Russian biologist, botanist, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1979), academician (1973) and president (1978-83) of Agricultural Sciences. Major works on radiobiology and experimental mutagenesis, crop and plant introduction. Sergei Ivanovich Vavilov (1891-1951), Russian physicist, founder of the Soviet scientific school of physical optics, academician (1932) and president (1945), Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Brother Nikolai Vavilov. Fundamental works on physical optics, mainly on Luminescence and its practical application. Under the direction of Vavilov discovered Cherenkov radiation - Vavilov. Writings on the philosophy of science and the history of science. Popularizer of science. The first chairman of the All-Union Society "Knowledge" (1947), chief editor of TSB (since 1949). USSR State Prize (1943, 1946, 1951, 1952, posthumously). Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders, with RAS. Founded in 1992 on the basis of the Russian republic of society and a number of branches of All-Union Society of Geneticists and Breeders them. Vavilov (1966-91). Central Council - in St. Petersburg. In 1993, approx. 5 thousand. Man. Babylon, ancient city in Mesopotamia, to the southwest of modern Baghdad. In the 19-6 centuries. BC. e. the capital of Babylonia. Archaeological excavations since 1899. Babylon, the state early. 2nd millennium. - 539 BC. e. in southern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq). In the heyday (with Hammurabi, 18th c.) - A centralized slave state. Conquered by the Persians. Babylonian exile period in the history of the ancient Hebrews from 586 to 539 BC. e. (forcible resettlement of the Jews in Babylonia after the capture of Jerusalem by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II until their return to Palestine after the Babylonian conquest of the Persian king Cyrus II). Babel, the Bible story of an attempt to build after the Flood, the Tower of Babylon, and to the skies. Angered by the audacity of people God "confused their languages" so that people no longer understand each other, and scattered them throughout the earth. In a figurative sense - how to play a complete mess, fuss. Otakar Vavra (b. 1911), a Czech film director. Movies: "La Muette barricade" (1949), "Jan Hus" (1955), "Citizen Bricha" (1959), "Romance for Bugle" (1967), "Days of Betrayal" (1973), "Sokolovo" (1974) "Liberation of Prague" (1976), "The Wanderings of Jan Amos" (1983) and others. VAVRZHINETS fROM Březova (Lawrence of Březova) (1370 - after 1437), the Czech chronicler, poet, writer. The main work - "Hussite Chronicle" (in Latin). VAG is a river in Slovenia, left tributary of the Danube. 433 km, the basin area of 19.6 thousand. Km2. Start in the Tatra Mountains. The average water flow of 152 m3 / s. HPP cascade. Vahan River in the north of European Russia, a left tributary of North. Dvina. 575 km, the basin area of 44.8 thousand. Km2. The average water consumption of approx. 400 m3 / s. Rafting. Navigable for 355 km from the mouth. Vahabzadeh Bakhtiar Mahmud oglu (b. 1925), the Azerbaijani poet, the national poet of Azerbaijan (1984). Collections of poems, and poems "Meditations" (1959), "I do not want peace" (1970), "Mugam" (1982), "We're in the same boat" (1983, USSR State Prize, 1984), dedicated to modern times. Drama. Vaga, a river in West. Siberia, left tributary of the Irtysh. 555 km, the basin area of 23 thousand. Km2. Average water consumption at p. Black 20.6 m3 / s. Navigable in the lower reaches. In the mouth Vagaya ("Ermakova Creek") Ermak died. Vahan Eugene A. (b. 1948), the Russian biophysicist dendrologist, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991). Major works on the development of methods and equipment for the automated analysis of climatic and environmental factors in the study of the growth of woody plants. Agrippina Vaganova Y. (1879-1951), a Russian ballet dancer, teacher, People's Artist of the RSFSR (1934). In 1897-1916 at the Mariinsky Theatre. In 1921-51 teacher of the Leningrad Choreographic School, since 1946 Professor. From 1931-37 artistic director of the ballet company of the Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theatre. Kirov. Pedagogical system Vaganova ("Fundamentals of classical dance", 1934) is used in many countries. USSR State Prize (1946). Vagant (from Lat. Vagantes - wandering) (goliardy), in the medieval West. Europe vagrant poor students, the lower clergy, schoolboys - burlesque performers, love, drinking songs. 12-13 centuries. - The heyday of freethinking, antiasketicheskoy, anti-Catholic literature Vagant, mostly songs. Persecuted by the official church. Vagarshapat ancient Armenian city. Founded in the 2nd century. BC. e. The capital of Armenia in 2-4 centuries. n. e. Ok. Vagarshapat a monastery Echmiadzin, the name of which was in 1945 and the city. Vagharshyan Vagharsh Bogdanovich (1894-1959), an Armenian actor, director, playwright, People's Artist of the USSR (1954). Since 1923, the Armenian Theater. Sundukian (Yerevan). Professor of Yerevan Theatre Institute (1946). USSR State Prize (1941, 1952). Supply train (from it. Wagen - wagon and Burg - protection), strengthening of the wagons in the form of a quadrangle, circle or semi-circle, sometimes amplified by a moat and others. Obstacles. Was used in ancient times (the Gauls, Germans, Huns) and in the Middle Ages (the Crusaders, Swiss, Hussites) to cover troops from enemy attacks (see. Also Walk-city). VAGIN Vsevolod Ivanovich (1823-1900), Russian historian, Siberian regionalists. One of the editors and publishers of the liberal newspaper "Siberia". Works on the history, ethnography and the economy of Siberia. Vaginismus (from Lat. Vagina - vagina), spasmodic contraction of the muscles of the vagina and pelvic floor, preventing intercourse. VAGINITIS (coleitis), inflammation of the vagina. Caused by various bacteria, protozoa (trichomoniasis), and others. Manifested by a burning sensation in the vulva and cables. Vaginitis Konstantin (1899-1934), Russian writer. Collection of poems "Journey into chaos" (1921), "Experiments combining the words by rhythm" (1931). In the novel "Goat Song" (1928), "Works and Days Svistonova" (1929), "Bamboccianti" (1931) depicts a grotesque fate of intellectuals in the disintegration of the old culture. Molla Panah Vagif (c. 1717-97), Azerbaijani poet and statesman. Supporter of union with Russia. Create patterns of love, hedonic, philosophical lyrics. Approved in Azerbaijan poetry form goshma. WAGNER (Wagner) Adolf (1835-1917), a German economist. Was influenced by the ideas of the historical school; believed that the legal relations play a decisive role in economic life. WAGNER Vladimir Alexandrovich (1849-1934), a Russian biologist and psychologist, founder of comparative psychology in Russia. Professor of St. Petersburg, then Leningrad University (1906-31). Works on the instinctive activity of animals and others. WAGNER Yegor Ye (1849-1903), the Russian organic chemist. Developed (1888) method for the determination of the structure of unsaturated organic compounds. Opened (1897) t. N. kamfenovuyu rearrangement of the first kind (regrouping Wagner - Meerwein). WAGNER Nikolai Petrovich (1829-1907), a Russian zoologist and writer, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1898). Major works on the invertebrate fauna of the White m., Entomology. Discovered the phenomenon of pedogenesis in insects (1862). The author of "Tales of Kota humming" (1872) and others. Literary and Artistic Works. WAGNER (Wagner), Otto (1841-1918), an Austrian architect. The representative of the Viennese style "modern". The interior of the post office building in Vienna (1904-1906) acted as a precursor of functionalism. Richard Wagner (1813-83), a German composer, conductor, music writer. Reformer of opera. In the opera, drama carried out the synthesis of philosophical and poetic and musical beginnings. In the works of this was reflected in a developed system of leitmotifs, vocal-symphonic style of thinking. Innovator in harmony and orchestration. Most of the music drama based on mythological subjects (own libretto). Opera "Rienzi" (1840), "The Flying Dutchman" (1841), "Tannhauser" (1845), "Lohengrin" (1848), "Tristan and Isolde" (1859), "The Mastersingers of Nuremberg" (1867), "Parsifal "(1882); tetralogy "Der Ring des Nibelungen" - "Das Rheingold", "Valkyrie", "Siegfried", "Twilight of the Gods" (1854-74). Journalistic and musical aesthetic work: "Art and Revolution," "Artwork of the Future" (1848), "Opera and Drama" (1851) and others. WAGNER ACT (National Labor Relations Act), the law in the United States (1935) on the regulation of labor relations. Introduced by Senator Robert Wagner. Proclaimed the right of workers to bargain collectively, to strike, and so on. E., Adopted in 1947 antilabor Taft - Hartley Act essentially replaced the Wagner Act. Wagner-Jauregg (Wagner-Jauregg) Julius (1857-1940), an Austrian psychiatrist. Substantiated (1918) and implemented in pyrotherapy treatment of progressive paralysis. Nobel Prize (1927). VAGNORYUS (Vagnorius) Gediminas (b. 1957), the Lithuanian politician. Since 1980 worked as an engineer-economist. From 1988 to the scientific work of the Institute of Economics of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. From 1991-92 chairman SM Lithuania. Trolleys (fr. Wagonnet), an open wagon small capacity (0.5-6 m3) for the transportation of goods and passenger cars on the 6-18 people moving on the narrow-gauge railways (within enterprises, in the mines). VAHRAM (Wagram), a village in Austria, north-east of Vienna. Ok. Vahram 5-6.7.1809, during the Austro-Prussian war in 1809, the French troops of Napoleon I in the decisive battle of the Austrian army defeated the Archduke Charles and forced it to retreat; 12.7 armistice was concluded, 14.10 - Schönbrunn world 1809. cupola shaft furnace, mainly for melting iron foundries. Sometimes for heating air cupola equipped with recuperators. VAD, psilomelane group mineral, earthy collective name soot aggregates and water MnO2 with varying impurity contents K, Ba, Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, W, Li, Co, Ni. Variety vada - asbolan (up to 17% CoO along with Ni and Cu). Hardness 1-4; density of 2,8-4,4 g / cm3. Supergene. Manganese ore, cobalt and nickel. Vademecum (from Lat. Vade mecum - Walk With Me), a guide, a pocket guide, a pointer. VADZHAPEYA, Vedic rite of passage to the kingdom, which included running chariot. Vajra, in Vedic, Hindu and Buddhist mythology sacred weapon, mace, scepter. Belongs to Indra, as well as the characters of higher hierarchy in Buddhism. Vajradhara (Sanskrit. Ball thunderbolt), Buddha in Vajrayana Buddhism. Depicted sitting with the vajra and bell. VADZHRANGA, the hero of the Hindu warrior - the enemy of Indra. Vajrapani (Skt. Holding a vajra in his hand), in the Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism, one of the bodhisattvas, fearsome guardian, protector of the Teaching. Vajrayana (Skt. Chariot vajra), one of the directions of Buddhism; asserts the possibility of achieving Buddhahood in this life. WADI (Ar.) (Oued), dry valleys in the deserts of Arabia and North. Africa; usually filled with water after heavy rains. See. Also Creek Uzboi. Wadia (Wadia) Darashav Noshervan (1883-1969), an Indian geologist. Author of major works on the geology of India. Investigated the stratigraphy, tectonics and geological structure of the Himalayan region. Vadim the Bold (? -864), Semi-legendary leader of Novgorod, grandson Gostomysl. Raised a rebellion against the Rurik and killed them. Wadi El Natrun, tectonic depression in Egypt, to the west of the Nile Delta, at an altitude of 24 meters below sea level. Shallow salt lakes. Extraction of thrones. Vadkovsky Fedor Fedorovich (1800-44), Decembrist, Ensign. Member of the Northern and Southern societies. Sentenced to penal servitude for life. From 1826 to Kexholmsky fortress from 1828 in Nerchinsk mines, from 1839 to the settlement. Wad Medani (Oued Medani), a city in Sudan, the administrative center of the Central region. 145 thousand. Inhabitants (1987). Transport hub and shopping center Gezira - the main irrigated areas of the country. Vadodara (b. Baroda), a city in western India, pieces. Gujarat. 1.1 million. Inhabitants (1991). Transport hub. A major center of the cotton industry in the cotton growing areas Mahi - Normada. Chemical, metal, pharmaceutical, cement, electrical, etc. Enterprise; Crafts. Near Vadodara, in Koyali, a large oil refinery. Vaduz (Vaduz), the capital of the Principality of Liechtenstein, on the Rhine. 4.8 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Precision engineering, textiles, wine. State Museum. Castle 9. with a Gothic chapel 15. Tourism. Warps (from the English. Wire - wire), steel wire rope for towing the trawl. Vazha Pshavela (pres. The name Luka P. Razikashvili) (1861-1915), a Georgian poet. Ideas and images of folklore and mythology philosophically reinterpreted in colorful poems about life Highlanders ("Guest and the Host", 1893; "Zmeeed", 1901), short stories, drama "Les Miserables" (1894). Vazhenkov, female reindeer. VASE (Vasa) (Vasa), the Swedish royal dynasty in 1523-1654. Founder Gustav I. In 1587-1668 reigned in Poland. François Vase (c. 500 BC. E.) Attic krater with volutes, signed by the potter and vase painters Ergotimom Clete. Found in 1844 in Italy by the French archaeologist A. Francois. On the walls of the vase painted friezes made on mythological subjects (black-figure style). Vasarely (Vasarely; pres. Fam. Vasharhey) Victor (b. 1908) was a French artist. A native of Hungary, in 1930 he moved to Paris. In 1950-60-ies. became one of the founders and the largest master of op art. His pictorial compositions written bright and pure tones of "space spectrum" based on optical illusions, give birth to the effect magically transforms the space. Developed his artistic discoveries in a wide range - from monumental architecture to small souvenir Multipla. Vasari (Vasari) Giorgio (1511-74), Italian painter, architect, art historian. He worked mainly in Florence. The representative of Mannerism (frescoes in the Palazzo Vecchio, 1555-71); the architectural ensemble of the Uffizi (now a museum, 1560). "Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects." VAZGEN I (Levon Karapet Abramovich Palchyan) (1908-94), in 1955 the Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians. In 1943, became a monk and Archimandrite, 1951 Bishop. In 1947-55 headed the Armenian Diocese of Romania. Vaseline (fr. Vaseline), homogeneous pasty mass, a mixture of heavy petroleum oil and solid hydrocarbons (paraffin, ceresin, etc.). Hydrocarbons obtained by melting butter with subsequent purification a mixture of sulfuric acid and bleaching clay. In medicine - the basis of ointments; in the art - for impregnating paper capacitors and as a lubricant. Vazeh (pres. The name of Mirza Shafi) (1796-1852), Azerbaijani poet, educator. In his satirical verse dissected evils of society, called for the struggle for freedom of the individual; many lyrical poems became folk songs. Wrote in the forms of ghazal, Rubaiyat, mesnevi et al., Ivan Vazov (1850-1921), Bulgarian writer and public figure. Revolutionary and patriotic poems, poems cycle liroepicheskih "Epic forgotten" (1881-84), epic novel "Under the Yoke" (1889-90) - a national liberation struggle. Socio-accusatory novels, short stories, the novel "New Land" (1896), historical dramas of life of medieval Bulgaria "The abyss" (1908), "Borislav" (1909), the comedy "Searchers warm boroughs" (1903). Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone), animal and human neurohormone produced in the hypothalamus; enters the pituitary of which is released in the blood. Stimulates water reabsorption in the renal tubules and thereby reduces diuresis. Causes contractions of the capillaries of the circulatory system. Chemical nature - peptide. Vazuza river in the center of the European part of Russia, a right tributary of the Volga. 162 km catchment area of 7.1 thousand. Km2. Average water consumption 39 m3 / s. Near the mouth - Vazuzssky Reservoir. for water supply Moscow. Vaibhashika (Sarvastivada), school of Hinayana Buddhism. Developed in the 3-2 centuries. BC. e. The main source - a treatise Vasubandhu "Abhidharmakosha." Developed the Buddhist doctrine of Dharma. "Vaygach" Russian icebreaker. Built in 1909; displacement of 1,200 tons. In 1910-1915, together with the "Taimyr" served as the base of the hydrographic expedition to North. Arctic approx. under the leadership of BA Vilkitsky, during which opened in 1913. North. Earth. In 1914-15 the first time passed the Northern Sea Route from Vladivostok to Arkhangelsk (wintering). Sank in 1918 in the Yenisei room. Vaygach island on the border of the Barents and Kara Seas in the Russian Federation. Ok. 3.4 thousand. Km2. Height up to 170 m. Tundra vegetation. Localities: Vaygach Long Lip Varnek. Polar Station (1950). AW, born cruciferous herbs. Ok. 60 species in Eurasia and North. Africa. Woad notched et al. Species are sometimes bred for food. Isatis tinctoria first cultured in the West. Europe as a dyeing plant (leaves contain indigo). AW (Wajda) Andrew (b. 1926), the Polish director. Movies: "Channel" (1957), "Ashes and Diamonds" (1958), "Ashes" (1965), "Everything for Sale" (1969), "Bereznyak" (1971), "Man of Marble" (1976) "Without anesthesia" (1978), "Man of Iron" (1981), "Danton" (1983), "Chronicle of Amorous Accidents" (1986). His films about historical paths of development of Poland, the tragic conflicts in the relationship between the individual and society. Working in the theater. Vaižgantas (pres. Name and fam. Juozas Tumas, Tumas) (1869-1933), Lithuanian writer. Realistically reflected the life of the Lithuanian people con. 19 - early. 20th centuries. In the novel "Glimpses" (1917-33), "Cancer of the family" (1927-29), the novel "Uncle and aunt" (1921), "Silent" (1930), "Samogitian Robinson" (1932) and others. Vaižgantas, in Lithuanian mythology god of flax. VAYZENBORN (Veyzenborn) (Weisenborn) Gunther (1902-69), German writer. Member of the Resistance Movement. In 1942-45 prisoner fascist prison. Plays in t. H. Drama "The underground" (1945), a collection of prose fragments "Memorial" (1948) about the anti-fascist struggle in Germany 1933-45. The novel "The Chaser" (1961). WEIL Peter L. (b. 1949), the Russian writer and essayist. Since 1977 in the US. The main scope of interests: Russian Literature 19th and 20th centuries., Modern culture. Published in emigre publications "Continent", "Time and we", "The Edge", "Echo", and others. Since 1993, the chief editor of the Russian service of Radio "Liberty". Books (with AA Genis): "Contemporary Russian prose" (1982), "Paradise Lost. Emigration: an attempt to self-portrait" (1983), "60th. The world of the Soviet man" (1988), "Mother tongue" (1990) and others. Wyman Teodorovich Simon (b. 1924), the Russian literary critic, doctor of Philology (1970). The main area of interest - the theory of literature, the history of world literature. Books: "The artistic method Rabelais" (1960), "Dante and the problem of origin of realism" (1961), "Marxist aesthetics and the problem of realism" (1964), "Realism as the antithesis of religion. Studies on Boccaccio poetics" (1966), "Balzac paradox "(1981)," Harmony mysterious power. On an organic poetics "(1989) and others. Joseph Weinberg Irmovich (b. 1921), the Russian literary critic. The main area of interest - the life and work of Maxim Gorky. Books: "Life of Klim Samgin" Gorky. Historical and literary commentary "(1971)," For Gorky line. The real fact and truth of art in the novel "Life of Klim Samgin" (1976), "Pages great life. Gorky in documents, letters, memoirs of contemporaries" (1980). Mieczyslaw Weinberg Samuilovich (1919-1996), Russian composer, People's Artist of Russia (1980). One of the leading symphonic - 20 symphonies, in Vol. H. "Colors of Poland" (1965), Chamber Symphony (1986), the opera "Madonna and soldiers" (1970), the ballet "The Golden Key" (1962), 16 string quartets and et al. USSR State Prize (1990). Weinberg (Weinberg) (Weinberg) Stephen (b. 1933), American physicist. Proceedings of elementary particle physics. Nobel Prize (1979, together with Glashow and A. Salam) for creating a unified theory of electromagnetic and weak interactions. Weinert (Weinert) Erich (1890-1953), German writer. In 1933-1946 in the antifascist emigration party the Spanish Civil War of 1936-39. President of the National Committee "Free Germany" (1943-45). Patriotic and anti-fascist lyrics. Weiner, Russian writers, brothers, co-authors: Arkady (b. 1931) and George A. (b. 1938). Masters of the detective genre. The first story - "Watch out for Mr. Kelly" (1967). The greatest success was the novel "Era of Mercy" (1976; filmed under the title "Meeting Place Can not Be Changed" with VS Vysotsky starring). Novels "Gospel of the executioner" (1979), "The loop and Stone" (1984), the book "Groping in the Afternoon" (1969), "Do not lose a man" (1978), "Kars raid" (1983) and others. Winona Basil I. (1901-64), the Russian choreographer, honored Artist of Russia (1939). He worked in the Leningrad Theater of Opera and Ballet. Kirov, the Bolshoi Theater. Put the "Flame of Paris" Asafiev. USSR State Prize (1947, 1949). Boris Konstantinovich Vainshtein (b. 1921), the Russian physicist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1976). Works on the theory of X-ray and electron diffraction, crystal structure analysis, the structure of biological macromolecules and crystals, electron microscopy. Vainshtein Vainshtein (1920-89), the Russian radio physicist, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1966). Major works on Diffraction and Wave Propagation, electronics, statistical radio physics. USSR State Prize (1990, posthumously). VAYNYUNAS Stasis (1909-82), the Lithuanian composer and pianist, People's Artist of Lithuania (1959). Symphonies, concertos for instruments and orchestra, chamber music. Professor of the Lithuanian Conservatory (since 1953). USSR State Prize (1951). WYOMING (Wyoming), the state of the western United States. 253.6 thousand. Km2. The population of 470 thousand. People (1993). Adm. c. - Cheyenne.
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