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And, the first letter of the Russian alphabet, dates back to the Cyrillic letters ("az"), which had, in addition to sound, as the numerical value 1. A ... prefix (Gr.) In the sense of "no," "no" (eg., asymmetric) before a vowel - en ... (eg., anaerobes). A cappella (Italian. A cappella), choral polyphonic singing without instrumental soprovozhdeniya.Harakterno for the national musical art (Russian, Georgian) church music (early Catholic and Orthodox), works by composers of the Dutch school, creativity Palestrina. Among contemporary works a cappella 10 poems Shostakovich. AAV (Aav) Ewald (1900-39), the Estonian composer and choral dirizher.Avtor first significant Estonian opera "Vikertsy" ("The Vikings", 1928), the symphonic poem "Life" (1935) and others. AALTO (Aalto) Alwar (1898-1976), Finnish arhitektor.Sochetaya national traditions with the principles of functionalism and organic architecture, has achieved freedom and expressiveness of the spatial composition, inscribed in the natural or urban environment (sanatorium in Paimio, 1929-33; Palace "Finland" in Helsinki, 1967 -71). Aaltonen (Aaltonen) Vaino (1894-1966), Finnish sculptor, an honorary member of the USSR Academy of Arts (1958) .Portrety ("Sibelius", 1935), statues ("Runner Nurmi", 1924-25), Monument (monument "Mir" Lahti, 1950-52). Gold Medal of the World (1953). Aare (Ape) (Aare), a river in Switzerland, left tributary Reyna.295 km catchment area of 17.8 thousand. Km2. The average water flow of 560 m2 / s. Start in the Alps. Navigable to Lake Thun. HPP. On the Aare - Bern. Aarnio (Aarne) Antti Amathus (1867-1925), Finnish folklorist.Razrabotal methodology of comparative analysis and classification of folklore. Amounted to a fundamental "Index fabulous types" (1910; continued and supplemented S. Thompson). Aaron, the first High Priest of the Old Testament, the prophet Moiseya.Ob brother Aaron is told in Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers. Memory in the Orthodox Church in the week holy father and forefather. AARONOVSCHINA, the Old Believers in the agreement, the department in the 2nd pol.18 in. from filippovtsev, in contrast to recognize marriage and reject extreme asceticism. Founder - Andrew (Aaron) Zhukov. AAX (s) (al., Eg. A month, the moon), in Egyptian mythology, god of the moon was worshiped at Thebes. AAYUN, a town in West. Sahara, see. Laayoune. ABA (Aba), a city in the south of Nigeria, p. Aba. 264 thousand. Inhabitants (1991) .Pischevkusovaya, textile industry. Abadan, a city in south-western Iran, the port on the river. Shattel-Arab.340 thousand. Inhabitants (1983). International Airport. Oil refining and petrochemical industry; pipeline from Khuzistan. Abaza, city (1966) in the Russian Federation, Khakassia, at p. Abakan.Zheleznodorozhnaya station. 18 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Iron ore mining. Abaza Ageevich Alexander (1821-95), Russian statesman, belonged to the group of "liberal bureaucrats" In 1880-81, Finance Minister, spent the abolition of excise salt. Since 1866 member of the State Council. Abaza languages, refers to the Caucasian (Ibero-Caucasian) Languages (Abkhaz-Adyghe group) .Pismennost based on the Russian alphabet. Abaza (self - Abaza), the people in the Russian Federation, in Karachay-Cherkessia (27 thous. People). Only Russian Federation 33 thous. People (1992). They also live in Turkey (10 thousand. People) and the Arab countries. The total number of 44 thousand. People (1992). Abaza language. Believers - Sunni Muslims. Abay (until 1961 the village. Churubay-Nur), a city in Kazakhstan, Karaganda region., Near the railroad Art. Carabas. 47.3 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Coal mining. Woodworking Plant and other predpriyatiya.Nazvan named Abay. Abai Kunanbayev (1845-1904), Kazakh poet and educator, founder of a new written Kazakh literature and composer. In lyrical and satirical verses opposed social evil and ignorance. Poem "Masgud" (1887), "The Legend of Azim", "Iskander". In prose "edification" outlined the ethical, philosophical and religious views. Promoter of Russian literature, translated the works of Ivan Krylov, Lermontov, Pushkin. Abay steppe basin between Mts. Terektinsky and Holzun, in the Altai. Length 25 km, height approx. 1100 meters. Most of the plowed. ABAC (from the Greek. Abax - board), 1) board, divided into strips, which moved the stones, bones (as in Russian accounts) for arithmetic calculations in Other. Greece, Rome, and then in the West. Europe until the 18th century. 2) In the architectural orders upper plate capitals of the columns, pilasters, pilasters; is square in shape with straight (Doric, Ionic order) or concave (Corinthian order) edges. Abacus 1) (textile banana), herbaceous perennial plant of the genus banana. Homeland - The Philippine Islands; cultivated in the tropics. 2) Same as Manila hemp. Abakan (in 1925-31 Khakassky), a city in the Russian Federation, adm. c. Khakassia. Marina on the river. Abakan, at its confluence with the Yenisei. Train assembly. 158.2 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Industry: light industry, food, building materials. ON "Abakanvagonmash" plant "Legmash" and others. Pedagogical Institute. 3 theaters. Originated in 1823 as a. Ust-Abakan. Abakan river in Khakassia, a left tributary of the Yenisei River (which flows into the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir.). 514 km, the basin area of 32 thousand. Km2. Average water consumption 381 m2 / s. Rafting. In Minusinsk Basin water used for irrigation. Abakanskoye steppe plain on the left bank of rivers. Abakan and Yenisei. The height of 200-500 m. Partially plowed. Abakan Range, in the south-east Zap. Sibiri.Dlina 300 km altitude up to 1984 m. On the slopes - taiga. Abakanskoye FIELD iron, in the Russian Federation, in the south of Krasnoyarsk kr. Known since 1856. The field of contact (skarns) magnetite ore. Explored reserves St. 140 million. Tons of ore containing Fe 41,7%. Production center - Abaza. ABAKELIYA Tamara G. (1905-53), the Georgian sculptor and graphic artist, Honored Artist of Georgia (1942). Sculptural frieze on the administrative and public buildings in Tbilisi (1936-37); illustration. Abakum Gleb Arsentevich (b. 1937), the Russian chemist, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1987). Proceedings of the free radical chemistry, and organometallic complex compounds. USSR State Prize (1985). Abalakin Victor Kuzmich (b. 1930), the Russian astronomer, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1987). Proceedings on stellar dynamics, ephemeris astronomy and celestial mechanics. USSR State Prize (1982). Abalakovo Russian climbers, brothers: 1) Vitaly Mikhailovich (1905 / 06-86), engineer, Honored Master of Mountaineering (1935), Honored Master of Sports (1941), Honored Coach of the USSR (1961). The first ascent to Lenin Peak (Pamir, 1934). 2) Eugene M. (1907-48), sculptor, Honored Master of Mountaineering (1934). The first ascent to the peak of Communism (Pamir, 1933); named Evgeny Mikhailovich Abalakov named peak in the Pamirs. Abalkina Leonid Ivanovich (b. 1930), the Russian economist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1987). Major works on theoretical and methodological issues of political economy. On scientific and pedagogical work since 1956. Since 1986, the director of the Institute of Economics. In 1989-91 Deputy Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers. Yehuda Abarbanel (Leon Jew) (1470-1521), a Spanish-Jewish religious writer and thinker Neoplatonist (see. Neoplatonism). The author of "Dialogues of Love" that influenced the Spanish mystics. Abaris, in Greek mythology, a resident of Hyperborea, prophet and priest of Apollo. Without food and flew the magic arrows, given to him by Apollo. Abas Midhat Teymur oglu (b. 1926), scientist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan (1980), corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1984). Works on the development of oil and gas condensate fields. Abastuman, urban-type settlement in Georgia, 28 km from the railway Art. Akhaltsikhe. 2.6 m. Well. (1991). Mountain resort. Near Abastuman - Astrophysical Observatory. Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory, Academy of Sciences of Georgia. Founded in 1932, from 1937 on, the Kanobili (1650 m). Telescopes: 70-cm meniscus, 125-cm reflector, a 40-cm refractor, 44-cm Schmidt telescope. Studies of galaxies, stars and the Sun, the interstellar medium, the upper atmosphere of the Earth. ABASYYANYK (Abasiyanik) Sait Faik (1907-54), a Turkish writer. Realistic stories (in the book "superfluous man", 1948, "Company", 1951, "It is not very sweet," 1954) and novels have influenced the modern Turkish prose. Abacha (Abacha) Sani (b. 1933), the President of Nigeria, President of the Provisional Ruling Council, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council (government) in November of 1993 and defense minister since November 1990. Lieutenant-General (1987). Abashev, city (1964) in Georgia. Railway station. 7.2 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Hlopchatotkatskaya, tea factory; Plants feed, attar, mechanical. Abashevo TOY, Russian art craft, which was formed in Spassky district, now Bednodemyanovskoye area of the Penza region. The emergence promyslaProizvodstvo toys originated in the 19th century. based on local pottery. The displacement in the early 20th century. handicrafts factory utensils caused gradual extinction of pottery and toys in the selection of independent craft. Unlike most toy centers are operated mainly muzhchiny.Master Larion ZotkinIzvestnost acquired by fishing in the late 1920s., Associated with the name Larion Zotkina, talented master of the village Abashevo, author of many interesting toys: fairy lions, fancy dogs, funny bears. At this time, fold characteristic Abashevo masters sculptural techniques and especially painting. Features Abashevo igrushkiAbashevskaya toy - it whistles, depicting animals, often taking phantasmagoric fairy-tale look. Figures have an elongated body with short legs wide apart and long graceful neck. On a small, carefully fashioned head stand deeply scratched eyes. Head of the goat, deer, sheep crowned curved, sometimes multistoried horns. Lush bangs, curly beard and mane clearly modeled, their contours outlined stack, have a strict pattern and high relief. IgrushekSvistulki painting painted with bright enamel colors - blue, green, red, in the most unexpected combinations. Individual parts, such as horns, can be painted silver or gold. Sometimes parts are unpainted and figures contrast sharply with bright spots of enamel. Ordinary pets under the hands of masters turn into fabulous suschestv.Sovremennye Master Craft Abashevo toys continue to modern masters - TN Zotkin, IL Zyuzenkov, AI Eskin. Some artists began to cover their whistles colorless glaze, making figures more streamlined and less yarkimi.Literatura: Dintses LA Russian clay toys. M .; L .: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1936.Boguslavskaya IY Russian clay toys. M .: Art, 1975.Osnovy art craft / Ed. VA Baradulin. M .: Education, 1979.Dayn GL Russian folk toy. M .: Light industry, 1981.N. B. GaevskayaA. L. Jordan Abashevo culture, Bronze Age (2nd floor. 2nd millennium. BC. E.) To Wed Volga and Urals; with name on. Abashevo in Chuvashia. Remains of settlements and burial mounds. Economy: agriculture, cattle breeding, hunting, fishing. ABASHIDZE Vasily (1854-1926), Georgian actor, People's Artist of the Republic (1922). Since 1879 in Tiflis drama troupe. The founder of Georgian realistic school of acting. ABASHIDZE Grigol G. (1914-94), Georgian writer, academician of the Georgian Academy of Sciences (1979), Hero of Socialist Labor (1974). In poetry - historical (the poem "George the Sixth," 1942); (a cycle of poems "Lenin in Samgori", 1950; State Prize of the USSR, 1951) and contemporary themes (the collection "Gold vineyard", 1966). Novels of life in Georgia 13. ABASHIDZE Irakli Vissarionovich (1909-92), a Georgian poet, academician of the Georgian Academy of Sciences (1960), Hero of Socialist Labor (1979). The main theme - the fate of Georgia in the past and the present, the humanist poet debt. Collection of poems "Approximation" (1966), "And these songs - my Georgia" (1971); cycles of poems "Palestine, Palestine," "In the footsteps of Rustaveli" the great Georgian poet. "ABBA" (ABBA - the first letters of the names of the group members), the Swedish pop group, originated in 1973. Ingredients: Benny Andersson (keyboards, synthesizer, vocals), Bjorn Ulvaeus (guitar, vocals), Agnetha Fältskog (vocals), Annie -Frid Lyngstad Fredericks (vocals). In the 1970s and early. 80s. toured in many foreign countries and has gained worldwide popularity. Lyrics in English. The most popular song "Waterloo" (Waterloo) (1974), "Fernando" (Fernando), "Money, Money, Money" (Money, money, money) (both 1976), "Knowing Me Knowing You" (1977), etc. ., has a beautiful melody and different emotional performance. The most famous drives - "Waterloo" (1974), "ABBA" (1975), "Voulez-Vous" (1979). In 1983 disbanded. Abbado (Abbado) Claudio (b. 1933), Italian conductor. Since 1968, conductor of the theater "La Scala" (in 1971-86 artistic director), from 1971 chief conductor of the Vienna Philharmonic, from 1979 - London Symphony Orchestra since 1986 artistic director of the Vienna State Opera, at the same time since 1989 chief conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic. 1st prize in the Competition for Conductors in the US it. SA Koussevitzky (1958) and D. Mitropoulos (1963). Toured in many countries, in Vol. H. In 1974 in Moscow, with the theater "La Scala". ABBA, the name of the upper reaches of the river. Blue Nile within Efiopii.ABBANYaNO (Abbagnano) Nicola (1901-90), Italian philosopher, supporter t. N. positive existentialism, striving to overcome the pessimism subektivizm and other representatives of this doctrine (Heidegger, Sartre). ABBAS I (1571 - 1629), the Shah of Iran from 1587. When Abbas I of the Safavid state reached its maximum power. Ferhat ABBAS (1899-1985), Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic in 1958-61. One of the leaders of the National Liberation Front of Algeria in 1956-63. ABBAS Khoja Ahmad (1914-87), an Indian writer, film director. Wrote in Urdu and English. Social novels of Indian life "Tomorrow belongs to us" (1945), "The Revolution" (1954), "The Bloody Path" (1980); scenario: "Tramp" (1951), "Shree 420" (1955) and others. Films: "Ganga" (1954), "Journey Beyond Three Seas" (1957, with the Soviet director V. Pronin). Abbasid dynasty of caliphs Arab 750 - 1258. Comes from Abbas, the uncle of Muhammad. The heyday at the Caliph al-Mansur (754 - 775), al-Mahdi (775 - 785), Harun al-Rashid (786 - 809), al-Mamun (813 - 833). Strengthening of feudal oppression caused Abbasid popular uprising (led by Babak, Mukanna et al.). From the end. 8. of the Abbasid Caliphate, which included initially the Middle and Wed. East, North. Africa, began to fall off separate areas. In 945 Bouida, capturing the capital of the Abbasid Baghdad, the Abbasid deprived of secular power. Last Caliph of the Abbasid dynasty executed Hulagu Khan (see. Hulaguid). Abbas Mirza (1789 - 1833), statesman and military leader of Iran. Vicar of the Shah in Iranian Azerbaijan. Commanded troops during the Russian-Iranian wars of 1804-13 and 1826-28, the Iranian-Turkish War of 1821-23. ABBASOV Azad Zinnatovich (b. 1925), Tatar singer (lyric tenor), People's Artist of the USSR (1977). Since 1950 in the Tatar Opera and Ballet Theatre. ABBASOV Shurhat Salikhovich (b. 1931), an Uzbek film director and screenwriter, People's Artist of the USSR (1981). Powered by studio "Uzbekfilm." Movies: "This is evidenced by all the mahalla" (1960), "Tashkent - Lucrative City" (1968), "Abu Rayhan Biruni" (1975), "Fire Road" (16 episodes, 1977-85), and others. ABBAT (lat . abbas, from Aramaic. abo - father), 1), rector of the Catholic monastery - Abbey (prioress - abbess); 2) the title of the French Catholic priest. Abbe (Abbe), Ernst (1840 - 1905), German physicist, optician. Author of the theory of the microscope, the designer of many optical devices. Technology has created many operations opto-mechanical production. Head of optical factories K. Zeiss Jena. Abbot (Abbot), George (1562-1633), Archbishop of Canterbury (1611), one of the translators of the Bible into English Abbot (Abbot) Charles Greeley (1872 - 1973) was an American astronomer. Works on the physics of the Sun, solar radiation measurements and luminosity of stars. ACRONYM (ital. Abbreviatura - reduction), 1) word formed Abbreviations and read by alphabetical initial letters of the name (BBC) or initial sound (UN, university) words in it. 2) See. Slozhnosokraschennye words. 3) Signs of reducing and simplifying the recording in the note letter. Abwehr (German. Abwehr), organ of military intelligence and counterintelligence Germany in 1919-44. In 1944, the Abwehr authorities joined the Reich Security Main Office. ABGARYAN Karlen Aramovich (1928-95), the Russian scientist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1987). Works on the theory of automatic control systems. Abd al-Qadir (Abd al-Kader) (1808-1883), leader of the uprising against the French invaders in Algeria in 1832-47. Under the leadership of Abd al-Qadir rebellious tribes inflicted a series of defeats the French forces in 1832, and on the most part. Zap. Algeria created the state (emirate). After the uprising Abd al-Qadir was captured. Abd el-Krim (Abd al-Karim) (1882-1963), leader of the uprising Rif tribes of Morocco and the head of the Rif Republic (1921-1926). After the uprising was exiled. In 1948-56 in Cairo, headed by Committee for the Liberation of North. Africa. Abdullah bin Mohammed al-Said (1846-99), the ruler of an independent state with the Sudanese Mahdi 1885. He headed the Sudanese resistance to the British in 1896-98 and guerrilla warfare after 1898. Abdullah ibn Husayn (1882-1951), King of Jordan in 1946-51 (1921 Emir of Transjordan). Conducted pro-British policy. Killed by a member of the anti-British terrorist organization. ABDALYAR, the city Lachin in Azerbaijan until 1926. Abdarrahman I (731-788), the founder of the (756) United Arab Emirates on the Iberian Peninsula and the Umayyad dynasty Cordova. Conducted centralizing policy. Abdarrahman II (792-852), the emir of Cordoba emirate with 822 known patronage of the arts and sciences. Abdarrahman III (891-961), the emir of Cordoba emirate with 912, Caliph Caliphate of Cordoba with 929. Organized guard of slaves. Created fleet, the strongest in the Mediterranean m. Board Abdarrahman III - the top of the power of the Umayyad Cordova. Abdera, in Greek mythology, the son of Hermes, a favorite of Hercules. Was torn apart by horses, cannibals Thracian king Diomedes, who instructed him to watch Hercules. In place of his death Hercules built the city of Abdera. Abderhalden (Abderhalden) Emile (1877-1950), a Swiss biochemist, foreign corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1925). In 1904-45 he worked in Germany. The structure and function of proteins. Synthesized (with E. G. Fischer) a polypeptide of 19 amino acids (1916). Abdera, an ancient Greek city in Thrace. According to legend, Hercules built in memory of Abdera. Stupidity inhabitants of this city came into Greece proverbial and was the subject of many jokes. Abdera - the birthplace of philosophers Democritus and Anaxarchus, the sophist Protagoras, Hecataeus of Miletus. Abdishev (Ebed Yeshu) (d. 1318), a Syrian writer, Nestorian theologian, Metropolitan of Nisibis. Syria has made a bibliography of Scripture, Greek and Syrian Fathers. Philosophical-theological essay "The Pearl," "Paradise of Eden." Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905), an Egyptian reformer of Islam, Mufti since 1899. ABDOMINAL (from Lat. Abdomen - stomach, belly), in anatomy - abdominal relating to the stomach. See. Also Ventral. Abdrashitov Vadim Yusupovich (b. 1945), the Russian film director, People's Artist of Russia (1992). Movies: "Word to protect" (1977), "Fox Hunting" (1980), "to stop the train" (1982), "Parade of Planets" (1984), "Plumbum, or The Dangerous Game" (1987), "The Servant" (1989). USSR State Prize (1991). Abdul Muis (Abdul Muis) (1886-1959), Indonesian writer. Anti-racist novel "wrong education" (1928); social novel "Meeting narrowing" (1933). ABDULATIPOV Gadzhimuradovich Ramadan (b. 1946), Russian statesman. In 1975-87 on the scientific work in Dagestan, then in Moscow. In the 1990-93 chairman of the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation. In 1993-1995 Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly. Since 1995 Member of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly. Abdul-Jabbar (Abdul-Jabbar) Kareem, see. Alsindor FL. Abdulina, city (1923) in the Russian Federation, Orenburg region. Railway station. 22.9 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Enterprises of rail transport, the food industry. Abdullah Sabir (pres. Sabirzyan name Abdullayev) (1905-72), the Uzbek poet, the national poet of Uzbekistan (1965). Poems, short stories, the novel "Mavlono Mukimi" (1965) about the Uzbek democratic poet, drama on contemporary themes, musical drama on the themes of folk tales ("Tahir and Zuhra" 1943 "Alpamysh", 1958). ABDULLADZHANOV Abdumalikov (b. 1949), the Prime Minister of Tajikistan since November 1992. From 1971 to the engineering work. Since 1980, the Deputy Minister of blanks Tajik SSR. Since 1986, the 1st deputy, since 1987 the Minister of bread Tajik SSR. Abdullaev Abdulkhak Aksakalovich (b. 1918), the Uzbek painter, People's Artist of Uzbekistan (1968). National realistic portraits in color ("Niece Shahla", 1960; "Navoi", 1968). Hasan Abdullayev Mahammad Bagir oglu (1918-93), the Azerbaijani physicist, academician (1967) and president (1970-83), Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1970). Major works on physics of semiconductors and semiconductor devices. Mikail Husein oglu Abdullayev (b. 1921), the Azerbaijani painter and graphic artist, People's Artist of the USSR (1963), member of the Academy of Arts (1988). Author of paintings ("Lights Mingechaura" 1948, "Girls Khachmaz", 1982), drawings. Habib Abdullayev Muhammedovich (1912-62), the Uzbek geologist, academician (1947) and president (1956-61), Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. Major works on the petrology and ore deposits. Lenin Prize (1959). Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir (Abdullah bin Abdulkadir Munsji) (1796-1854), Malay writer and educator. Memoirs and journalistic work "The Tale of Abdullah" (1849). Prepared and published a historical chronicle of the 15th century. "Malay Annals" (1840). ABDULLAH KHAN II (1534-98), the Uzbek Khan dynasty Sheibanids from 1583, in the period of greatest power of the state Sheibanids; captured Bukhara (1557), Tashkent, Balkh, Fergana and others. When it was formed Emirate of Bukhara. ABDULLIN Richat Mukimovich (1916-88), Kazakh singer (baritone), People's Artist of the USSR (1967). In 1939-85 the Kazakh Opera and Ballet Theatre. ABDULOV Alexander Gavrilovic (b. 1953), Russian actor, People's Artist of Russia (1991). Since 1975, the Moscow Theater. Lenin Komsomol (1990 Moscow theater "Lenk"). Endowed with an explosive temper, ductility, scenic charm. Roles: Pluzhnikov ("is not listed" by BL Vasiliev, 1975); Burning heretic, Fernando Lopez and man of the theater ("Juno" and "Avos" A. Voznesensky, composer AL Rybnikov, 1981); Menachem Mendel ("Memorial Prayer" by Sholom Aleichem, 1989), and others. Filmed in the movies: "Kill the Dragon", "prison novel" TV movie "Ordinary Miracle", and others. ABDULOV Osip N. (1900-53), Russia actor, director, People's Artist of Russia (1944). On the scene since 1918. Since 1943 in the Theater. Moscow City Council. From 1924 he worked on the radio, since 1933 also in the movie. USSR State Prize (1951). Abdul Hamid II (Abdulhamit) (1842-1918), Sultan of Turkey in 1876-1909. Established a despotic regime. Turkey when it turned into a semi-colony of Western European powers. After the Young Turk revolution of 1908 deposed. In the literature, earned him the nickname "Bloody Sultan". ABDURAKHMANOV Fuad Hasan (1915-71), the Azerbaijani sculptor, People's Artist of Azerbaijan (1955), corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Arts (1949). Muralist (monuments Nizami in Ganja, 1946 in Dushanbe, Rudaki, 1964). USSR State Prize (1947, 1951). Abdurahmanova Dilbar Gulyamovna (b. 1936), the Uzbek conductor, People's Artist of the USSR (1977). Since 1960, conductor, since 1974 artistic director and chief conductor of the Uzbek Theater of Opera and Ballet. Rahman Baba (1632-1707), the Afghan poet and Sufi (see. Sufism). Gazelle and qasidas Rahman Baba popular among Afghans. Abeghian Manuk Khachaturovich (1865-1944), an Armenian scholar, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Armenia (1943). Works on the history of ancient Armenian literature, folklore. Abeghian Mher Manukovich (b. 1909), the Armenian painter and graphic artist, People's Artist of Armenia (1960). Lyrical colorful landscapes, still lifes, portraits, landscape and genre paintings. Abedin Zeynul (b. 1917), Bangladeshi graphic artist and painter. Realistic works on the theme of national life (graphic series "The famine in Bengal in 1943").

FRIEDRICH WILHELM NIETZSCHE / ФРИДРИХ ВИЛЬГЕЛЬМ НИЦШЕ

НИЦШЕ / NIETZSCHE / ЕССЕ HOMO / ВОЛЯ К ВЛАСТИ / К ГЕНЕАЛОГИИ МОРАЛИ / СУМЕРКИ ИДОЛОВ /
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