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Bochvara Anatoly (1870-1947), the Russian metallurgist, Professor, Honored Scientist of Russia (1933). A number of new (anti-friction and others.) Alloys. Bochvara Andrey (1902-84), the Russian metallurgist, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1946), twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1949, 1953). Son AM Bochvara. Major works on crystallization, casting properties, heat resistance, and recrystallization of nonferrous metals and alloys, metallurgy of uranium and plutonium. Lenin Prize (1961), the USSR State Prize (1941, 1949, 1951, 1953). BARREL, in Russian stone and wooden architecture of 17-18 centuries. roof in the form of a half-cylinder with high and pointed top, forming a pediment on the facade carinate. The intersection of two barrels forms kubovatoe coating. Barrels, old Russian measure of the volume of fluid equal to 40 buckets (491.96 L). BARREL, aerobatics - a complete revolution of the aircraft (airframe) around the longitudinal axis. BARREL raid, metallic float supporting chain (bridle) extending from the anchor large mass lying on the ground ("dead anchor"). Barrels raid set for anchorage outside the piers. Bocskai (Bocskai) István (1557-1606), head of the anti-Habsburg movement 1604-06 farmers, townspeople, part of the nobility in the Kingdom of Hungary. Freed from the Austrian troops a significant part of the kingdom. In 1606 signed the Vienna world containing a number of concessions Habsburg Hungarian nobility. BOCHKAREV Ellen P. (b. 1926), the Russian metallurgist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1981). Proceedings of the technology of rare metals and semiconductor materials. Lenin Prize (1964). Bochkin Igor Ivanovich (b. 1957), the Russian actor. Worked in the Moscow Drama Theater. Nikolai Gogol. In the movie has created memorable images of his contemporaries: the Komsomol worker Nicholas Shumilina ("emergency regional scale", 1989), Barhanova ("Barkhanov and his bodyguard", 1996), and others. The title role in the television series "Hot and others" (1992-94). Boccioni (Boccioni) Umberto (1882-1916) was an Italian painter. One of the leaders of Futurism. In his paintings, the dominant motif of general construction, a total transformation of the world. In 1912 turned to sculpture, seeking to directly capture the motive movement, the dynamic development of the figures and objects in space. Died at the front of the 1st World War. Bosch (Bosch), Karl (1874-1940), a German chemical engineer. Created (1913) the first commercial installation of pressurized ammonia synthesis catalyst the iron. Nobel Prize (1931, together with F. Bergius). Boskovic (Boskovic) Ruđer Josip (1711-87), a physicist, mathematician and astronomer, a foreign honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1760). Born in Dubrovnik (Dalmatia), worked in Italy and France. In the main work "Theory of Natural Philosophy ..." (1758) developed the qualitative theory of the structure of matter and conjectured dependence of the character (attractive or repulsive) forces of interaction of particles on the distance between them. Bosnjak Nicholas (1830-99), a Russian naval officer, member of the expedition GI Nevelsky. Investigated (1852) western coast of Sakhalin Island, where he discovered coal deposits. In 1853 opened the convenient parking Fleet Bay - Bay Haji (now Sovetskaya Gavan), and was a description of the Tatar Strait. BOEF (3-2 cc. BC. E.), The ancient Greek sculptor, caster and toreutics of Chalcedon in Bithynia (M. Asia), the son of Athenaeus. Boefu attributed statue of a boy with a goose out of the temple of Asclepius in Samos, known in numerous copies. According to Pliny the Elder, created a statue of Athena at Lindos (Rhodes). Boethius (Boetius, Boethius) Anicius Manlius Severinus (c. 480-524), the Christian philosopher and Roman statesman. Approximate Theodoric, accused of plotting against him, awaiting execution wrote the main essay "Consolation philosophy", was famous in the Middle Ages and had a profound influence on European literature. Translated into Latin logical writings of Aristotle and Porphyry, "Arithmetic" Nicomachus, "Beginnings" of Euclid. The author of a treatise on a compilation of Greek music theory. Boyadjiev Gregory Nersesovich (1909-74), the Russian drama, critic, teacher, Dr Habil. Among the works: "Poetry Theatre" (1960), "Moliere" (1967), "The soul of the theater" (1974). Boyadzhiev Zlatyu (1903-76), the Bulgarian painter. Turning to the traditions of Renaissance art and popular print, create epic scenes generalized national life, portraits, landscapes, different decorative composition, sonority of color. Bojan, archaeological culture of the Neolithic period (4th millennium. BC. E.), On the territory of Romania, Bulgaria and Moldova. Name in the lake. Bojan (Romania). Remains of settlements, ornamented ceramics. Economy: agriculture, cattle breeding, hunting, fishing. BOYANUS (Bojanus) Ludwig Heinrich (1776-1827), anatomist and zoologist, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1814). One of the organizers of veterinary education in Russia. Proceedings of the anatomy, embryology, zoology, epizootiology and Animal Science. Boyard (Boiardo) Matteo Maria, Count of Scandiano (Scandiano) (1441-94), Italian poet. In chivalric poem "Love Roland" (1495, unfinished) intertwined elements of medieval legends and the court of the novel; Bernie F. redone. Poetry, epigrams, Eclogues. ..1 Boyars) in Russia 9-17 cc. upper class of feudal lords. In the Old Russian state - the descendants of the tribal aristocracy, senior vigilantes - and members of the princely vassals thought, large landowners. Were his vassals, enjoyed immunity and right-out to other princes. In the feudal period - the rich and powerful feudal lords, the opponents of princely power. In the Novgorod Republic actually govern. From the 14th century. their rights are gradually confined princes. In the courts of the Grand Dukes were in charge of the different branches of the palace economy (some sensible boyars) and management of public lands. From the 15th century. in Russian state - the higher ranks of military men on the fatherland, the first ranks of the Boyar Duma, is mainly engaged in administrative, judicial and military posts, led by orders were governors. Belonged to the aristocracy. Rank abolished by Peter I in the beginning. 18 in. in connection with the liquidation of the Boyar Duma and the process of reorganization of the nobility ... 2) In Romania, the feudal class (in the Middle Ages were divided into tribal and local), formed in 13-14 centuries. Liquidated in 1945 as a result of agricultural reformy.BOYaRKA, city (1956) in Ukraine, Kyiv region. Railway station. 39.1 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Machine-Building Plant and others. Museum N. Ostrovsky. Climatic resort. Remains of Scythian settlement 7-3 centuries. BC. e. Boyar Duma ..1) at the Kiev State Council of the members of the senior squad Prince and other persons close to him ... 2) In the period of feudal fragmentation advice noble vassals under Prince in the great principalities and unit ... 3) In the Russian centralized state con . 15 - early. 18th centuries. permanent caste representative body of the aristocracy in the Grand Duke (king) zakonosoveschatelnogo nature, discuss issues of foreign and domestic policy. Pisanitsa, rock paintings of the Iron Age (c. 7-1 c. BC. E.) On the rocks of the boyars, along the middle reaches of the river. Dry Tes (a tributary of the Yenisei River), in Khakassia. Mikhail Boyarsky (b. 1949), Russian actor, People's Artist of Russia (1990). In 1972-86 in the Leningrad Theater. Leningrad City Council (since 1992 St. Petersburg Open Theatre). Since 1986, the artistic director of Music and Drama Theatre "Benefit". Boyarsky inherent explosive temperament, musicality, plasticity. Plays a courageous, charismatic heroes, brave, adventurers, and crooks uppity: Luis de Carrasquillo ("Dulcinea del Toboso" Volodin AM) Mekhit ("The Threepenny Opera" by Brecht), and others. Filmed in the television movies "The eldest son "" Dog in the Manger, "" The Three Musketeers "and others. Claudia S. Boyarsky (b. 1939), the Russian athlete, honored Master of Sports (1964). Olympic champion (1964) in cross-country skiing on the 5 km and 10 in the relay 3 x 5 km of the world (1966) - 10 km and relay 3 x 5 km, the Soviet Union (1964-67) in various types of racing. Boyarchikov Nicholas (b. 1935), a Russian ballet dancer, choreographer, People's Artist of the RSFSR (1985). In 1954-71 at the Leningrad Maly Theatre of Opera and Ballet, since 1977 its chief choreographer. In 1971-77 chief choreographer of the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre. Choreographed "Romeo and Juliet" by Prokofiev (1972), "Tsar Boris" to music by Prokofiev (1975), "The Robbers" Minkov MA (1982), "Macbeth" Sh Kallosh E. (1984 ), "Quiet Flows the Don" LP Klinicheva (1988) and others. Boyarchuk Alexander A. (b. 1931), the Russian astrophysicist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1987). Proceedings on astrospectroscopy, the theory of variable stars, extraterrestrial astronomy. USSR State Prize (1984). Hawthorn, genus of trees and shrubs in the family rose. Ok. 200 (according to other sources, c. 1000) species in the North. America and Eurasia. The fruits of some species are edible. Many ornamental hawthorn, some medicines - The extract from the fruit or infusion of the flowers take vascular disease. Aporia crataegi butterfly family whiteflies; pest of fruit crops in Eurasia and North. America. The wings are white with black veins. Eats (caterpillars) buds, leaves and flowers. BPR (BPR), the creative team of Italian architects (the first letters of the names): Belgiojoso (Belgioioso) Ludovic (b. 1909), Peressutti (Peressutti) Enrico (b. 1908) and Rogers (Rogers) Ernesto Nathan (b. 1909). Building on the principles of architectural rationalism, tend to take into account national traditions and historically established environment of buildings (skyscraper Torre Velasca in Milan, 1956-58). ARB (fr. Bras), wall lamp (sconce candle-17-19 cc. Of metal, glass, wood, electric wall 20 in.). Brabant, heavy draft horse breed, bred in the 19th century. in Belgium (Brabant). Animals are large, maturing, workable. Bred in Europe and in the United States. BRABANT (Brabant), a medieval duchy, then (with con. 15 in.), One of the 17 provinces of the Netherlands history. In the following part in the composition of the Netherlands (prov. Sev. Brabant), part of Belgium (Prov. Brabant, 1830). Brabant Revolution 1789-90, bourgeois, directed against Austrian rule in the Belgian provinces. Started in Brabant. In the course of it was released almost all the Belgian territory and proclaimed the independence of the United States of Belgium. By the end. In 1790 the Austrian government to regain power. Bravado (fr. Bravade), ostentatious courage, daring trick unnecessary. Bravo (Bravais) Auguste (1811-63), French crystallographer. Marked the beginning of the geometric theory of spatial lattices of crystals (Bravais lattice). Bravo GRILLE, 14 three-dimensional geometric lattices, characterizing all possible types of translational symmetry of the crystal. Bravais lattice modus operandi transfer operation (broadcast) to any point of the crystal. Bravais lattice symmetry of the unit cell vary, ie. E. The ratio between its edges and corners, and centering. BRAGA (Braga), a city in the northeast of Portugal, the administrative center of the district of Braga. 63 thousand. Inhabitants (1985). Machine building and metal processing, textile, leather and footwear, food industry. The casting of church bells. Seminaries. One of the religious centers of the country, a place of religious pilgrimage. The ancient capital of Lusitania. In the context. 11 - early. 12th centuries. residence of the Portuguese kings. Cathedral (con. 11 - beg. 12 cc.), Has been modified; Church of Santa Cruz do half (16-17 cc.). BRAGA (Braga) Theophilus (1843-1924), in the 1910-11 Premier temporary republican government in May - October 1915, the interim President of the Portuguese Republic. Proceedings on Portuguese literature, history, philosophy, and others. Bragança (Braganca), the dynasty of kings of Portugal (1640-1853) and the Emperors of Brazil (1822-89). Founder - Joao IV. Braganza-Coburg, the younger line of the dynasty of Braganza in Portugal. Regulations in 1853-1910. Founder - Pedro V. Braga (Brahe) Quiet (1546-1601), Danish astronomer, reformer of practical astronomy. Built on them in 1576 Observatory "Uraniborg" St. 20 years led the determination of the provisions of stars with the highest accuracy for that time. Opened two inequalities in the motion of the moon; proved that the comet - the heavenly bodies, more distant than the Moon; compiled a catalog of stars, tables, etc. refraction. Based on his observations of Mars Kepler derived the laws of planetary motion. Braga .. 1) in Norse mythology the god-scald, famed wisdom and eloquence, the husband of the goddess Idunn. Name Braga due to the well-known from the "Younger Edda" the myth of Honey poetry ... 2) The first historically attested by the legendary Norwegian skald 9 in., Which Icelandic poets revered as the founder of their art. Lyudmila Bragina (b. 1943), the Russian athlete (track and field), Honored Master of Sports (1972). Olympic champion (1972) and the USSR (1968-74) in the women's 1,500 meters. Vladimir Borisovich Braginsky (b. 1931), the Russian physicist, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1990). Major works on radiation, gravity. Developed methods for precision measurements for the detection of gravitational waves. Braginsky Samuilovich Joseph (1905-89), the Russian literary critic, orientalist, researcher Tajik and Persian literature. Corresponding Member of the Tajik Academy of Sciences (1951). In the center of attention - the problem of general and comparative literature. Books: "Aini" (1948), "12 miniatures" (1966), "Research on the Tajik culture (1977)," The Iranian literary heritage "(1984) and others. Emil Braginsky (Emmanuel) Veniaminovich (b. 1921), Russian playwright. Plays and screenplays in the genre of lyric-dramatic comedy: in conjunction with EA Ryazanov - "Beware of the Car" (1966), "The Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your Bath!" (1969, USSR State Prize, 1977) "Office Romance" (1977, based on the play "Colleagues" 1971), "Garage" (1980), "Railway Station for Two" (1983), together with VK Black - "Love and Privileges" (1990). Plays "imagination "(1979)," Room "(1980)," lackey of the game "(1989). Brahui (self - Braga), the people of Pakistan (750 thousand. people, mostly prov. of Balochistan and Sindh). They also live in Afghanistan, Iran, and others. The total number of 835 thousand. people (1992). Language Brahui. Believers - Sunni Muslims. BRADZOT, acute infectious disease of sheep. Symptoms: intoxication, mucosal lesion rennet. Animals die. Aetiology (from the Greek. Bradys - slow and kardia - heart), a decrease in heart rate below 60 beats per 1 min. May be constitutionally due or effect of various diseases. Avg. Tachycardia. Bradykinin, see. Art. Kinins. Bradley (Bradley) (Bradley), James (1693-1762), English astronomer, a foreign member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1754). Opened the aberration of light (1725-1728), nutation of the Earth's axis (1727-48). Bradford (Bradford), a city in the United Kingdom, England. 464 thousand. Inhabitants (1987). Major wool industry. Textile, printing, engineering. University. Hyles, a family of butterflies. Wings span of 2-20 cm. Oak. 1,200 species, widely distributed, the most diverse in the tropics. Caterpillars eat leaves, shoots baring. Convolvulaceae roisterer Ukraine destroys weed - bindweed. Several species of butterflies feed on nectar on the fly. 7 species of hawk moths, in Vol. H. Turanga, oleander, dead head, are protected. Braz Osip Emmanuilovich (1873-1936), a Russian artist. Combining traditionalism with elements of impressionism and modern, has become one of the prominent Russian painters of the century portraitists. His hand belongs to the famous, in fact the only major lifetime portrait of Anton Chekhov (1898). In 1928 he emigrated to France. Brazauskas (Vrazauskas) Algirdas (b. 1932), the president of Lithuania since 1993. From 1956 to the engineering work. Since 1965, the Minister of Building Materials Industry, 1966 1st deputy chairman of Gosplan Lithuania. Since 1977 Secretary of the Central Committee, in 1988-89 the 1 st Secretary of the Communist Party of Lithuania. Since December 1990 the chairman of the Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania (since 1990 chairman of the Independent Party of Lithuania). Since January 1990 the chairman of the Presidium of the Lithuanian Armed Forces. In March 1990 - January 1991, Deputy Prime Minister of Lithuania. Since November 1992 the chairman of the Sejm, Acting President of Lithuania. BRAZDZHENIS Bernardas (b. 1907), Lithuanian poet. Since 1944 in exile (USA). In the lyrics of a nostalgic mood, the prevalence of religious motives: collections "Crying slave" (1928), "Alien Mountain" (1945), "Full Moon Poetry" (1970, new edition 1989). Brazza (Brazza) Savorgnan Pierre de (1852-1905), French explorer and colonizer Equatorial Africa. In 1875-80 studied bass. pp. Ogooué, Nyanga and Quil, in 1891-92 tributaries of the Congo - pp. Sangha and Oubangui. Subdued France Gabon hinterland and land on the right bank of the lower Congo. BRAZZAVILLE (Brazzaville), Capital (1960), Congo. Administratively allocated to the Autonomous Okrug. 760 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Port on the river. Congo, across from Kinshasa (Zaire). International Airport. Textile, food, chemical plants. Artisanal wood carving, production of artistic ceramics. University. National Museum. Founded as a French military post in 1880 PS de Brazza. In 1903-50 the administrative center Wed. Congo, in 1910-58 - and French Equatorial Africa in 1958-60 - Autonomous Republic of the Congo. During the 2nd World War, one of the main strongholds of the movement "Free France" (from 1942 - "Fighting France"). BRAZIL, Federative Republic of Brazil (Republica Federativa do Brasil), a state in South. America. 8.5 million. Km2. The population of 156.5 million. People (1993), St. 95% - Brazilians. The urban population of 75.5% (1991). Official language - Portuguese. Most believers - Catholics. Brazil - a federation of 26 states and the Federal (metropolitan) district. Capital - Brazil. Head of state and government - the president. Legislative - bicameral National Congress. The central and southern part of Brazil occupies the Brazilian plateau (highest point - of Bandeira, 2890 m); in the north - Amazonian Lowland. and spurs of the Guiana Highlands. In the extreme south - Laplatskaya ism. The climate varies from north-west to south-east from equatorial to subtropical (average January temperature of 23 to 29 ° C, in July from 16 to 24 ° C). 3000 mm rainfall in the west of the Amazon Lowland., Up to 500 mm in the northeast of the Brazilian Highlands, 1200 mm in the south. The main rivers - the Amazon, San Francisco, Parana. On the Amazon Lowland. - Vlazhnoekvatorialnye forests, in the central part - savannas and woodlands, on the Atlantic Coastal Lowland. - Tropical wet alternately, in the south - evergreen forests. Under forest - 38% of the country. St. 20 national parks, nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries. In ancient times, the territory was inhabited by Indians of Brazil, in the beginning. 16 in. Portuguese conquistadors conquered, destroyed most of the indigenous population and to create a large plantation farms using slave labor of blacks imported from the 16th century. from Africa. As a result of the liberation movement in 1822 Brazil declared an independent empire (since 1889 - a federal republic). Until 1888 remained enslaved. From the end. 19 in. Brazil penetrated the English and North American capital. Cohn. 19 in. marked by the struggle of the peasants for land. Especially big performance - in pieces. Bahia in 1896-97. In the aftermath of the 2nd World War in the Brazilian economy strengthened the position of the United States and Germany. Attempts by a number of governments (especially JD Vargas and J. Goulart) in the 50-60-ies. put under state control oil production and processing, to ensure independent from foreign powers, foreign policy met with resistance reaction. After the military coup in 1964 in power until 1985 were military government. Brazil - industrial-agrarian country, the largest economic potential in the South. America. The share of gross domestic product (1991,%): 30.3 industry, agriculture, forestry and fisheries 10.8. Mining of iron and manganese ores, non-ferrous metals, t. H. Niobium, beryllium, tantalum, bauxite, oil, coal and others. Production of electricity 234 billion. KWh (1992), St. 90% - hydro. Ferrous and non ferrous (aluminum smelting, copper, nickel, etc.). Metallurgy. Mechanical engineering (aerospace, shipbuilding, agriculture, avionics), military, oil refining, chemical and petrochemical, cement, pulp and paper, textiles (especially cotton) and food processing (sugar, vegetable oil, meat, tobacco) industry. The main cash crops (1992): coffee (1.3 million. M, the leading place in the world), sugar cane (281 million. Tons), cocoa, bananas, soybeans, sisal. Pastoralism (153 million. Cattle in 1992), meat and wool sheep (19.5 million. Heads). Sea and river fishing. In the woods - coniferous wood harvesting, collecting sap of rubber trees, carnauba wax, Brazil nuts. Length of railways 32 thousand. Km of roads 1.7 million. Km of inland waterways St. 31 thousand km. (1989). Merchant fleet tonnage 9.9 million. Dwt (1992). Major seaports: Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Rio Grande, Paranagua, Porto Alegre, Tubarão, San Sebastian. Export: finished products and semi-finished heavy and light industry, coffee, iron ore, soybeans, tobacco, sugar. Major trading partners: USA, EEC countries, Latin American countries, Japan, Canada. Currency - Cruzeiro, real. BRAZIL (Brazilia), Capital (1960), Brazil. 1.6 million. Inhabitants (1991). On the adjacent territory allocated to the Federal (metropolitan) district with a population of 2.9 million. People (1992). International Airport. The food and light industry. University. Brazil specially built (1957-60) to perform the functions of the capital. The plan was developed in Brazil in 1957 by architect L. Costa; in the area of the three authorities - administrative and public buildings (architect O. Niemeyer). BRAZILIAN hollow Oceanic basin in the southern part of the Atlantic c., To the west of the South-Atlantic Ridge. Depth up to 6697 m. The Brazilian Platform. See the South American Plate. BRAZILIAN SHIELD, the projection of the Precambrian basement of the South American plate, south of the river. Amazon. The central part is composed primarily of Archaean rocks and Proterozoic, in the east - the rocks of the Upper Proterozoic. Brazilian Highlands, on the east South. America, between 3 and 35 ° S. m., mainly in Brazil. The height of 250-900 m, the largest up to 2890 m (Mt. Bandeira). Composed of Precambrian crystalline rocks acting as a plinth plains (height 250-900 m), individual arrays and ridges; typical relict sandstone plateau - Chapada. Shrubby savannah in the north and east - the rainforest. Large deposits of iron (pcs. Of Minas Gerais) and manganese (pcs. Of Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso) ore, bauxite (Poços de Caldas, Ouro Preto), and others. Brazil Current, a warm Atlantic for approx. off the coast of South. America, to the south-west; branch of the South Equatorial Current. Brazilian people, the general population of Brazil. 149 million. People (1992). They also live in Argentina, Paraguay, United States, Portugal. The total number of 149,400,000. Man. Portuguese language. Believers are mostly Catholics. Brazos (Brazos), a river in the south of the United States. 1530 km, the basin area of 114 thousand. Km2. Mexico falls into the hall. Average water consumption 214 m3 / s. Navigable downstream in high water - 400-500 km from the mouth. Brian (Bray) Salomon de (1597-1664), Dutch painter, architect and poet. He studied at the Holtsiusa and Cornelis Haarlem. Painted mythological and religious subjects and portraits. In 1627 published a book of poems. Bryant (Bryant) William Cullen (1794-1878), American poet. Romantic. In the poem "Tanatopsis" (1811, published in 1821), collections of "Poems" (1832) and "Hymns" (1864) clearly expresses the correspondence between the "temple" poetic soul and harmony of nature. Braille font, Braille reading and writing for the blind, designed by the French Louis Braille (L. Braille; 1809-52). At the heart of the Braille font is the combination of 6 points, making it possible to designate letters, numbers, punctuation marks, mathematical, chemical and musical notation. The first book in Braille - in France, in 1837; in Russia - 1885. BRITE (Bright), Richard (1789-1858), an English physician, one of the founders of Nephrology. Described (1827-36) and the morphology of the clinic jade. Brightman (Brightman) Edgar Sheffield (1884-1953), American philosopher, the representative of personalism; developed the doctrine of values. Marriage, matrimony, men and women, generating their rights and obligations with respect to each other and to the children. In most modern states the law requires the appropriate registration (registration) marriage in special state bodies; In addition, in some countries, the legal significance is also attached to a marriage celebrated in a religious ceremony. In some states (eg. France) at registration of marriage is often a marriage contract. The Russian Federation is recognized only a marriage made in government civil registry (registry office). Until 1944 the registered equated t. N. actual (unregistered) marriage. See. Family. MARRIAGE (Braque), Georges (1882-1963) was a French painter. One of the founders of cubism ("Woman with a guitar", 1913). Author of many decorative and elegant compositions. Braconids, the family of the suborder of insects parasitic Hymenoptera. Similar to these riders. St. 20 thousand. Species are widely distributed, mainly in the dry and warm habitats. Larvae braconids - internal parasites mainly larvae of butterflies and beetles. Some species are used in the biological control of insect pests. Bracon (Braconnot) Henry (1780-1855), French chemist. Works on the chemistry of natural compounds. Got (1819) grape sugar (glucose) by hydrolysis of cellulose. Allocated (1820) of the protein hydrolyzate amino acids glycine and leucine. Synthesized (1833) trinitrattsellyulozu - one of the first polymeric materials. POACHING (from the French. Braconnier - poacher; initially - Canidae hunter), extraction or destruction of wildlife in violation of the rules of hunting, fishing and other requirements of the legislation on the protection of wildlife. See. Also illegal hunting. Brakpan (Brakpan), a city in north-eastern South Africa. St. 85 thousand. Residents. One of the centers of the Witwatersrand gold-mining district. Metalworking plants. Bracton (Bratton) (Bracton, Bratton) Henry de (c. 1200-1268) was an English lawyer, first codified the basic rules of English common law. Bram (Brahm), Otto (1856-1912), a German director. The founder of the German stage of naturalism; since 1889 headed the literary and theatrical society "Free Stage", in 1894-1904 - German Theatre (Berlin). Staged plays by Ibsen, G. Hauptmann, Zola and others. Bramante (Bramante) Donato (1444-1514), an Italian architect. The representative of the High Renaissance. Worked in Milan (the church of Santa Maria presso San Satire, 1479-83), Rome ("Tempetto", 1502-03; courtyards of the Vatican, from 1503, a project of the Cathedral of St. Peter, between 1506-14). Harmonious whole, daring spatial composition of the complex. BRAHMS (Brahms) Johannes (1833-97), German composer. From 1862 he lived in Vienna. Performed as a pianist and conductor. Brahms symphony distinguishes organic combination of Viennese classical tradition and romantic imagery. 4 symphonies, overtures, concertos for instruments and orchestra, "A German Requiem" (1868), chamber music ensembles, works for piano (in Vol. H. "Hungarian Dances", 4 notebooks, 1869-80), choirs, vocal ensembles songs and others. BRAN (HDI. raven), the hero of Celtic mythology, who reached the "island of the blessed", where time stands still and reigns eternal abundance. About it tells the saga of "Swimming battle." Bran (Branagh), Kenneth (b. 1960), English actor and film director, screenwriter and producer. Founder of London "Reneysens tietr" where with great success played Hamlet. Widely-known interpretation of Shakespeare's tragedy "King Lear." In the movie adaptations of Shakespeare's famous innovative "Henry V" (1989) and "Much Ado About Nothing" (1993). Put as mystical thriller "The second death" and the eccentric sad comedy "Among the dull winter." BRAND (Brand) Vance (b. 1931), US astronaut, BSc. Flying on "Apollo" program EPAS (July 1975), "Space Shuttle" ("Columbia") in November 1982, "Space Shuttle" ("Challenger") in February 1984. Brandauer (Brandauer) Klaus Maria (born 1944), Austrian actor. Gained fame starring in the title role in the film I. Szabo "Mephisto" (1982); equal success fell to the lot of the same picture directed by "Colonel Redl" (1985), where Brandauer played the title role. As a director to make a film "Seven Minutes" (1989), "Mario and the Magician" (1994). Examination vessel (niderl. Brandwacht), 1) the vessel, delivered at the entrance to the road, the harbor or channel to carry out patrol tasks, for controlling and accounting for traffic ... 2) Post on shore or on board to monitor the fire safety in the area port ... 3) self-propelled vessel, crew accommodation for dredgers, diving stations, and so on. d. Brandenburg, a city in Germany, Brandenburg, a port on the river. Havel. 95 thousand. Inhabitants (1988). Metallurgy, light industry, food processing industry, mechanical engineering. Based app. 1170. Buildings 13-15 centuries. BRANDENBURG (Brandenburg), the land in the east of Germany. 28 thousand. Km2. The population of 2.5 million. People (1992). Adm. c. - Potsdam. In the center of Brandenburg is the German capital Berlin, highlighted in a separate administrative unit of land rights. In medieval Germany, Brandenburg - Principality (Mark county) in the conquered German feudal lands Polabian Slavs, since 1356 Electorate (Hohenzollern ruled from 1415; their residence from 1486 - Berlin); in 1618 merged with the Duchy of Prussia Brandenburg-Prussian state (see. Prussia). After the 2nd World War, the bulk of the regions of Brandenburg came to the Soviet occupation zone in 1949 - in the German Democratic Republic. After joining in 1990, the German Democratic Republic to the Federal Republic of Germany Brandenburg as part of a united Germany. Brander (Ger. Brander), a ship loaded with combustibles and explosives that ignited and allowed to wind or current on the enemy ships. In 19 - Ser. 20th centuries. fire-ships called Old Court flooding at the entrance to the harbor of the enemy with the purpose of the barrier. Brandes (Brandes) George (1842-1927), Danish literary critic. In the beginning. 70s. headed in Denmark t. n. breakthrough movement directed against romanticism, fighting for truth and realism literature. Fundamental work, "Main Currents in European literature of the XIX century" (Vol. 1-6, 1872-90). BRANDKUGEL (from it. Brand - fire and Kugel - core), carcass smoothbore artillery. Invented in the 18th century. in Saxony. BRANDMAYOR (Ger. Brandmajor), a Russian police officer, the chief of all fire departments or the capital town of the province. FIREWALL (Ger. Brandmauer), formerly known as fire wall. Fire-warden (Ger. Brandmeister), a Russian police officer, the head of one of the city's fire brigades. Brando (Brando) Marlon (b. 1924), American kinoakter.Priobrel fame in the role of Stanley Kowalski in the play "A Streetcar Named" Desire "(1947). He became the first screen in the gallery of young rebels (" Savage ", 1953). One of the best in the his film career in the film B. Bertolucci "Last Tango in Paris", 1972, caused a variety of opinions because of the frank eroticism. Brando was twice honored with the award "Oscar" ("On the Waterfront", 1954; "The Godfather", 1972). he acted in the historical thriller R. Scott "1492: Conquest of Paradise." hOSE (niderl. brandspuit), 1) the metal tip of the flexible hose; formerly known as the barrel in the fire fighting equipment ... 2) a portable hand pump for washing decks, fire-fighting and so on. on ships. BRANDT Alexander Andreyevich (1855-1932), a Russian scientist in the field of applied mechanics and thermodynamics. Since 1920 - in exile and lived in Yugoslavia. Proceedings of the theory of steam engines, their use in locomotives and ships, general and technical thermodynamics. Author memoirs "leaves turned yellow" (1930). BRANDT (Brandt) Willie (pres. Name and fam. Herbert Karl Frahm, Frahm) (p. 1913), Federal Chancellor of Germany in 1969-74. In the 1958-63 chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (West. Berlin), in 1964-87 chairman of the SPD. In 1957-66 Governing Mayor of West. Berlin. In 1966-69 Vice-Chancellor and Foreign Minister in the coalition (CDU - CSU and SPD) government of Germany. President of the Socialist International since 1976. The Nobel Peace Prize (1971).
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Будь-те первым, поделитесь мнением с остальными.
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