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University of Bombay, India, was founded in 1857. In 1990 St. 570 thousand. Students. Bombelli (Bombelli) Raffaele (approx .1526-72) was an Italian mathematician and engineer. In the "algebra" (1572) was the first to systematically developed the theory of complex numbers. Mortars, 1) melee weapon (caliber from 20 to 152 mm), similar to the device in the mortar, but unlike him being charged with the treasury. Was used in the 1st world war ... 2) Ship mortars - anti-submarine weapon for surface ships firing depth charges on submarines. Boma (Baume) Antoine (1728-1804), French chemist, pharmacist and technician. Invented (1708) hydrometer named after him. Organized (1770) Production of ammonia (ammonium chloride). He has made improvements in the production of porcelain. In the book "Elements of theoretical and practical pharmacy" (1762) and "Experimental and systematic chemistry" (vols. 1-3, 1773) in detail provides information on the chemistry of the late 18th century. from the perspective of the theory of phlogiston. Beaumont (Beaumont), William (1785-1853), American physician and physiologist, one of the first psychologists in the United States. Held for the first time (since 1822), systematic research on the human stomach, which was formed as a result of injuries fistulas. The results of studies summarized in the fundamental work "Experiments and observations on the gastric juice and digestive physiology" (1833). Beaumont (Beaumont), a city in the southern US, pcs. Texas, seaport (turnover of approx. 50 million. Tons per year) on the river. Neches. 114 thousand. Inhabitants (1990), with the suburbs of 360 thousand. Inhabitants). Oil refining and petrochemical industry. Shipbuilding. University. Bohm (Bomu), an oil field in Nigeria (Gulf of Guinea oil and gas basin). Opened in 1958. The deposits at depths of 1.9-2.3 km. Initial oil reserves of approx. 75 million. M. Bohn, former name of Annaba, in Algeria. Bona Dea (lat. Bona Dea - good goddess), in Roman mythology, the goddess of fertility, mother goddess, whose name was known only to the initiated, was identified with Juno, Hecate. Celebration in her honor, surrounded by mystery, handled in Rome in early December, it could be only a woman. Bonaventure (Bonaventura) (priv. Giovanni Fidanza, Fidanza) (1221-74), the philosopher-mystic, representative Augustinian Platonism; the head of the Franciscan Order, Cardinal. Was canonized (1482), among the 10 greatest teachers of the Christian Church (1587). He taught at the University of Paris. The main work - "Guide of the soul to God." Bonald (Bonald) Louis Gabriel Ambroise (1754-1840), French philosopher, politician and publicist. The main work "theory of political and religious power in civil society" (1796) with clerical positions argued with the philosophy of the French Enlightenment; defended the idea of the divine origin of the monarchy. Bonalda views were called traditionalism. Bonapartism, the original designation of the dictatorship of Napoleon Bonaparte and Louis Napoleon maneuver between social groups; demagogy combined with the policy of crackdown and the revolutionary movement. In a broader sense - a dictatorship, maneuvering between social groups in fragile social balance. Bonapartist, in favor of reviving the Bonaparte dynasty in France after the fall of the First Empire (1814) and the Second Empire (1870). Contributed to the rise to power of Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III). Bonaparte (Bonaparte), the French dynasty emperors in 1804-14, 1815 (Napoleon I) and in 1852-1870 (Napoleon III). During the reign of Napoleon I headed to conquer France or educated they were delivered by representatives of the genus Bonaparte (Joseph Bonaparte - King of Naples in 1806-08, in 1808-13 the King of Spain; Louis Bonaparte - King of Holland in 1806-10, Jerome Bonaparte - in 1807 -13 king of Westphalia, et al.). BONATTS (Bonatz) Paul (1877-1956), German architect. Worked with T. Fisher. From 1908 he taught at Stuttgart. From 1943 he worked in Turkey. Built in the style of discreet and refined neo-classicism with elements of folk architecture of the southern regions of Germany (Library of the University of Tubingen, 1909-12; station in Stuttgart, 1913-1927). Bongard-Levin Gregory Maksimovic (b. 1933), historian, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1990). Works on the history of Dr.. India, Central Asia, the problems of ancient Indian culture. USSR State Prize (1988). BONGO (Bongo) El Hadj Omar (until 1973 Albert Bernard Bongo) (b. 1935), President of Gabon since 1967. The founder (in 1968) of the Gabonese Democratic Party. In 1973, converted to Islam. BOND (Bond) George Phillips (1825-65), American astronomer. Director of the Harvard College Observatory, Cambridge (1859). Together with his father William K. Bond opened (1848), the eighth moon of Saturn - Hyperion and crepe ring of Saturn (1850), first applied (1848) photo in astronomy. Introduced the concept (1861) of the spherical albedo ("Bond albedo") as a proportion of solar radiation reflected by the planet. BONDAREV Yuri (b. 1924), the Russian writer, Hero of Socialist Labor (1984). In the story "The battalions are asked to fire" (1957), the novel "Hot Snow" (1969) - War through the eyes of ordinary participant, human psychology in the war, his moral virtues are disclosed in intense dramatic situations. In the novel "Silence" (1962), "The Shore" (1975), "Choice" (1980) - sensible inalienable human destiny from the destiny of the country, difficult life conflicts of the war generation of people. Mundane cycle of "instant" (1981-87). Works for theater and cinema (in Vol. H. Participated in the creation of the epic "Liberation", 1970-72); Lenin Prize (1972), the USSR State Prize (1977, 1983). Bondarenko Vladimir G. (b. 1946), the Russian critic and publicist. The main area of interest - the modern Russian literature. Books: "Position. The book critics" (1989), "Unkempt thoughts" (1989), "Moscow School", or The Age of stagnation "(1990) and others. Bondarenko Eugene V. (1905-77), Ukrainian actor, People's Artist of the USSR (1960). Since 1929 the Kharkov theater. Shevchenko. USSR State Prize (1947). Bondarenko Mikhail Z. (1913-47), twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1942, 1943), Major (1943). During the Great Patriotic war in assault aviation squadron commander and navigator of the regiment, St. 230 sorties. Bondarenko Pavel Ivanovich (b. 1917), sculptor, People's Artist of the USSR (1978), member of the Academy of Arts (1983). The monument to Yuri Gagarin (1980, with co-authors ) in Moscow, participated in the creation of Lenin Memorial (1967-70) in Ulyanovsk. USSR State Prize (1950). cooperage, vessels (barrels, butts, vats, tubs and so on. d.) for storage and transportation of liquid and bulk products . are made of wood, plywood, fiberboard, chipboard and plastics. BONDARCHUK Sergei Fedorovich (1920-94), the Russian actor and director, People's Artist of the USSR (1952), Hero of Socialist Labor (1980). Bondarchuk is inherent subtle psychology and soft artistic manner. Filmed in the movies: "Taras Shevchenko", "Grasshopper," "Unfinished story", "Father Sergius" and others. Put movies: "The destiny of man" (1959, starring role), "War and Peace" (1966-67) "They fought for Their Country" (1975), "The Steppe" (1979), dilogy "Red Bells" (1982) and others. Professor VGIK (1974). Lenin Prize (1960), the USSR State Prize (1952, 1984). Bondaryuk Michael Z. (1908-69), the designer of aircraft engines, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1960). Author of works and textbooks on Ramjet. Bond Sergei Mikhailovich (1891-1983), the Russian literary critic, Doctor of Philology. Scholar Alexander Pushkin; works on the theory of verse 18-19 centuries. BONDOPADDHAY Tarashonkor (1898-1971), an Indian writer and public figure. Wrote in Bengali. Novels of rural life "Earth - God" (1939), "The people - God" (1942), "Health Resort" (1952), plays. Bond, in the Scandinavian countries in the Middle Ages free people, who had his farm and did not belong to the nobility; free peasants. Bonzo (fr. Bonze, from Japan. Bodzu - priest), a Buddhist monk in Asia. Bonington (Bonington) Richard Parkes (1801 and 1802-28), English painter and graphic artist. Romance genre and historical paintings, intimate lyrical landscapes ("Boats on the shore"), watercolors, lithographs. One of the first masters of plein air painting. Bonistics, auxiliary historical discipline studying the paper money and bonds as a source of economic and political history of society. Bonitet FOREST (from Lat. Bonitas - goodness), the rate of productivity of the forest. Depends on the growth conditions. Based on the average height of the trees with the main breed of middle age. Forest plantations on site class is divided into classes, I refer to the most productive. Soil evaluation and comparative analysis of quality of land (in points) based on soil surveys. Necessary for the economic evaluation of land, land cadastre, land reclamation, and so on. N. Valuation of livestock, a comprehensive assessment of their origin, exterior, productivity, reproductive ability and quality of offspring. Appraisal of farm animals used for breeding. Bonifacio (Bonifacio) Andres (1863-1897), Filipino politician. In 1892 founded the Katipunan revolutionary organization; in 1896 led a revolt against Spanish rule. Was charged group E. Aguinaldo conspiracy and shot. Boniface (Bonifacius) (680-754), a Benedictine monk, whose name is linked to the preaching of Christianity and the Church in the dispensation of the German states ("Apostle of Germany"); Archbishop. From a noble Anglo-Saxon race, the original name - Winfried. Pagans killed during a sermon in Friesland. Memory in the Catholic Church on June 5. Boniface I (Bonifatius) (d. 422), saint, Pope from 418 was a presbyter in Rome; elected as part of the Roman clergy at the same time the antipope Eulalia, took the chair only in 419, when Eulalia was banished by the emperor Honorius. Resisted attempts to subdue the Emperor Theodosius II Thessaloniki and Illyria Patriarch of Constantinople; condemned Pelagianism. Memory in the Catholic Church on September 4th. Boniface VIII (Bonifacius VIII) (c. 1235-1303), pope from 1294 to claim supremacy over secular sovereigns. Was defeated in the struggle against the French king Philip IV. Introduced in 1300 the celebration of the jubilee years. Bonifacio (Bonifacio), the strait between about-you Corsica and Sardinia, connects the Tyrrhenian and the Mediterranean mm. Length approx. 19 km long and 12-16 km, depth up to 69 m. Port - Bonifacio (Corsica). Bonus allowance (French. Bonification, on Wed-century. Lat. Bonifico - improved), in civil law - surcharge to the price specified in the contract, if the delivered goods of higher quality. The most widely used in foreign trade. BONN (Bonn), a city in Germany, land Rhine-Westphalia, the seat of government of Germany (1949-94), a port on the river. Rhine. 296 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). International Airport. Mechanical engineering (in Vol. H. Electrical), pharmaceutical, printing, food processing, furniture industry. Metropolitan. University. Collection of Fine Arts and others. Beethoven-Haus (born in Bonn). Known since 1. In 1273-1794 the residence of the Electors of Cologne. Romanesque cathedral (11-13 cc.). Bonnard (Bonnard) Pierre (1867-1947), French painter. Member of the group "Nabi". Decorative and contemplative lyric genre scenes in the spirit of the late Impressionism and "modern" ("Autumn. Collect fruit", 1912). BONN (Bonnet), Charles (1720-93), a Swiss naturalist and philosopher, a foreign honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1764). Experimental work on parthenogenesis and regeneration; formulated a common asexual reproduction, regeneration and transplantation, noted that sexual reproduction increases the variety. Drew a parallel between the complexity of the organism in ontogeny and along the stairs beings. University of Bonn (Rhine University. Friedrich Wilhelm), Germany, was founded in 1786. In 1990, 40 thousand. Students. BONNER Elena Bonner (b. 1923), the Russian public and political figure, a human rights activist. Wife and collaborator of Academician Andrei Sakharov. Participant of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45. Author of several books, memoirs. Laureate of the International Fund for them. Raoul Wallenberg. Bonomo (Bonomi) Ivanoe (1873-1951), one of the leaders of the Italian Socialist Party, in 1912 expelled from it for the support of the Italo-Turkish War of 1911-12; one of the founders (along with Bissolati) Socialist Reform Party. In 1916-21 Minister in the Prime Minister 1921-22, in 1943-44, during the occupation of Italy by German troops, the head of the Committee of National Liberation, in 1944-45 the Prime Minister. BONTEMPELLI (Bontempelli) Massimo (1878-1960), Italian writer. Theorist "novechentizma" - a literary movement, close to Futurism. Novels "son of two mothers" (1929), "People Time" (1937), which combine a realistic manner with grotesque fantasy. BONUS (from Lat. Bonus - good), in commerce - award the prize. BON-Fryazinov, Italian architect con. 15 - early. 16th centuries. In 1505-08 built the lower tier 3 Ivan the Great Bell in the Moscow Kremlin. Bonnefoy (Bonnefoy) Eve (b. 1923), French poet, novelist, essayist, historian of culture. Collection of poems "inscribed stone" (1965), "In seduction threshold" (1975), "The beginning and end of snow" (1991). Essays on poetry and the visual arts (the book "a pipe", 1959; "Red Cloud", 1977; "The truth of the word", 1988; "Drawing, paint and light", 1995). Monographs of Rimbaud and A. Giacometti, translations of Shakespeare, D. Keats, WB Yeats, G. Seferis, P. Celan. Bonhoeffer (Bonhoeffer) Dietrich (1906-45), a German Protestant theologian and church leader. One of the leaders of the "confessional Church", opposing the Hitler regime and the ideology of National Socialism. After his arrest, (April 1943) and the conclusion was executed. Bonch-Vladimir Dmitrievich (1873-1955), a Russian politician, Doctor of Historical Sciences. Brother MD Bonch-. The organizer of a number of Bolshevik newspapers and publishing houses. In 1917-20 manager of the Council of People's Commissars. Then, on the scientific work. Works on the history of revolutionary, religious and social movements in Russia. Bonch-Mikhail Alexandrovich (1888-1940), the Russian scientist, one of the pioneers of radio engineering, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1931). Organized the first domestic production of vacuum tubes (1916-1919). In 1918-28 the head of the Nizhny Novgorod Radio. Under the guidance of the Bon-Bruyevich created the world's first powerful broadcasting station them. Comintern in Moscow (1922). Proceedings on many issues radio. Bonch-Mikhail Dmitrievich (1870-1956), the Russian commander, Lieutenant-General (1944), Doctor of military sciences and engineering. Brother VD Bonch-. In the 1st world war the Chief of Staff and Commander of the Northern Front Vreede. After the October Revolution, the Chief of Staff of the Supreme Commander in 1917-18, military leader of the Supreme Military Council, Head of Field Staff RVSR. Proceedings on tactics and geodesy. Bonch-OSMOLOVSKI Gleb (1890-1943), an archaeologist and anthropologist. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic investigated Crimea. Opened in the grotto Kiik-Koba Neanderthal burial and tools (1923-24). Major works of the early Paleolithic archeology methodology. Bona (from Lat. Bonus - a nice, comfortable), 1) short-term debt obligations of the Treasury, municipal authorities and private companies. Replace small coins ... 2) Paper money lost power means of payment; collectible. Booms in the military - floating barriers to protect parking space ships or important structures (bridges, dams, etc.) From the penetration of ships, floating mines and torpedoes opponent. Bonyak (? - After 1167), Polovtsian Khan. War with Russia and Byzantium. In 1096 ravaged the neighborhood of Kiev. Participated in the strife of the Russian princes. In 1107 and 1167 divided by Russian troops. BOP (Eng. Bop), jazz style, formed by the beginning of the 1940s. Also known as "bebop", "bibap." Bop replaced swing, emerged as a new, experimental direction Negro jazz small ensembles. The most important trend - the modernization of the old hot-jazz, innovation in the field of melody, rhythm, harmony, form, and others. Expressive means. Bop is considered the first significant modern jazz style. BOPP (Bopp) France (1791-1867), a German linguist, foreign corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1853). One of the founders of comparative-historical study of Indo-European languages and comparative linguistics; published a number of ancient Indian texts and translations. BOR (al., ISL. Born), in Norse mythology one of the gods, ancestors, son of the first man of the Storm, his father Odin. BOR, city (1938) in the Russian Federation, Nizhniy Novgorod region., At p. Volga. Road bridge connected with Nizhny Novgorod. Railway station (Moss Mountain). 64.5 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Mechanical Engineering (ships, port, commercial equipment), glass industry. Known since the 14th century. BOR, a town in the Republic of Serbia. 35 thousand. Inhabitants (1981). Copper-smelting industry. In the area of Bora - one of the largest copper ore areas of the country. Developed since 1903. The volcanic-sedimentary copper-pyrite deposits. The main field - boron with proven reserves of ore 90 million. M., With an average content of Cu 1,5%. Total reserves of the area of 3 million. Tonnes of copper. Extraction of underground and open ways. BOR, pine forest on sandy and stony soils; sometimes mixed with birch, almost without undergrowth. BOR (lat. Borum), B, a chemical element of group III of the periodic system, atomic number 5, the atomic mass of 10.811. Name of pozdnelat. borax - drill. Colorless, very solid crystals (due to impurities grayish black); density 2.31 - 2.35 g / cm3, a melting point of 2074 ° C. At ordinary temperatures chemically inert. In nature, found mainly in the form of borates. Used as a component of corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant alloys, composite materials (in Vol. H. Boroplastikov) alloys for nuclear reactors control devices, as well as Boriding. BOR (Bohr) Niels Henrik David (1885-1962), Danish physicist, one of the founders of modern physics. Founder (1920) and director of the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen (Niels Bohr Institute); creator of the world's scientific school; Foreign Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1929). In 1943-45 he worked in the United States. Created the theory of the atom, which is based on the planetary model of the atom, quantum concepts and his proposed Bohr postulates. Important work on the theory of metals, nuclear theory and nuclear reactions. Writings on the philosophy of science. An active participant in the fight against nuclear threats. Nobel Prize (1922). BOR Aage (b. 1922), the Danish physicist. Son of Niels Bohr. One of the authors of the generalized model of the atomic nucleus. Nobel Prize (1975, together with Mottelson and George. Rainwater). BOR Harald (1887-1951), a Danish mathematician. Brother Niels Bohr. Works on the theory of almost periodic functions. ROB BLACK, emergency tax in the Novgorod land with land and fisheries. Appointed in the 2nd floor. 14 - 15 centuries. Grand Prince of Moscow to pay tribute to the Golden Horde. BORA (ital. Bora, from the Greek. Boreas - the north wind), the local strong (up to 40 - 60 m / s) the cold wind in some coastal areas, where the low mountain ranges bordering the warm sea (eg., On the Adriatic coast, near Slovenia Trieste, on the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk). Sent down the slopes, usually marked in winter. Boron Carbide, B4C, black crystals; decomposes above 2450 ° C. Hardness second only to diamond and boron nitride. Abrasive and grinding material, a neutron absorber in nuclear reactors, semi-conductor material. Bohr magneton, and see. Art. Magneton. BORON NITRIDE, BN, crystals. White modification is applied to obtain vysokoogneupornyh materials, reinforcement fibers, as a semiconductor material, dry lubricant for bearings, a neutron absorber in nuclear reactors. Black modification (Borazon) mp 3200 ° C hardness close to diamond; is used as an abrasive material. Bohr postulate the basic assumptions in the quantum theory of the atom Niels Bohr (1913): 1) the existence of a series of stationary states of the atom corresponding to specific values of its internal energy E ... 2) The condition of frequencies? radiation in the transition of an atom from one stationary state (E1) in the other. (E2):? = (E1 - E2) / h, where h - Planck constant. Later found that Bohr postulates - a consequence of quantum mechanics. BORA (Borah), William (1865-1940), chairman of the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee in 1924-33; one of the main supporters of "isolationism" in US foreign policy. Advocated the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. Boron same as boranes. Metal borates, salts of boric acids. Example - drill. Borates are used for softening water, in the composition of detergents in the glass industry. Natural borates, class of minerals, natural salt of boric acid. Based on the structure of natural borates - flat triangular radicals - [BO3] 3- and tetrahedrons - [BO4] 5-. Known approx. 60 minerals drill boracite, colemanite, ulexite, Ludwig and others. The main deposits - salt (sediments of lakes), rarely skarn. The main fields - Lake. Inder (Kazakhstan), Lake. Serls and Bor (USA), as well as in Peru, Chile, China. Boratynsky E. A. See. Baratynsky EA Borac, class mineral borates, Mg3 [B7O12] OCl. Impurities Fe (36%), Mn and others. Bluish, colorless crystals, granular mass. Hardness of 7 - 7.5; density approx. 3 g / cm3. Found in sedimentary deposits. Boron ore. BORG (Vorg) Bjorn (b. 1956), a Swedish athlete. World champion in tennis (1978-80). The winner of 62 major international tournaments (1973-82), in Vol. H. 5 Wimbledon (1976 - 80), in singles. Borg (Borgen) Johan (1902-79), a Norwegian writer. Psychological novels "Summing up" (1934), "The path of Love" (1946), a trilogy "Little Lord" (1955-57), "Dark sources" (1956) and "Now he can not escape" (1957), stories. Borges (Ger. Borgis, from Italian. Borghese - City), typeface, size (size) which is 9 points (approx. 3.38 mm). Borgman Ivan Ivanovich (1849-1914), physicist, head of the St. Petersburg school of physicists, one of the organizers of the Russian Physical Society. First elected rector of St. Petersburg State University (1905-10), left the university in protest against harassment of students. Proceedings on electricity and magnetism. Diet of Porvoo in 1809, birth meeting of representatives of Finland, convened by the Russian government in the town of Borgo (Swede. Borgo; Fin. Porvoo, Porvoo). Adopted its autonomy within Russia. Borda (Borda) Jean Charles (1733-99), French physicist and surveyor. Defined (1792), the length of the second pendulum in Paris. Proceedings on hydraulics. Bordeaux (Bordet) Jules (1870 - 1961), Belgian immunologist and bacteriologist. Investigated the mechanism of serological tests; opened the complement fixation. Established pathogen and developed a method of immunization against pertussis. Nobel Prize (1919). Borgia Borgia (ital. Borgia, Spanish. Borja), noble family of Spanish origin, who played then. role in the 15 - early. 16th centuries. in Italy. The best known are: Rodrigo Borgia (Pope Alexander VI), Cesare Borgia, Lucrezia Borgia. Bordeaux (Bordeaux), city in south-western France, on the river. Garonne, the administrative center of the department of Gironde and the main city of the historical region. Guyenne and Gascony. 210 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). A major port, is available for ships (St. turnover. 10 million. M. Per year). International Airport. Refining, mechanical engineering, chemical industry. Center of winemaking and wine trade. University (15 in.). Museum of Fine Arts, and others. The remains of the ancient Roman amphitheater, the Gothic church, theater (18 in.). BORDER (fr. Bordure, on bord - Region), in the broadest sense - edge, border, framing; type of ornamental decorations text or illustrations; in road construction - narrow strips (curbs, slabs), separating the roadway from the sidewalk; in ornamental gardening - planting low plants on the edges of paths, lawns or flower beds contour. Boreads, in Greek mythology, the winged sons of the god Boreas and Oreyfii participants Argonauts. Borev Yuri (b. 1925), the Russian literary critic, writer, Doctor of Philology. In the center of attention - literary theory, the problem of aesthetics. Major works: "On the Comic" (1957), "Aesthetics" (1969), "The art of interpretation and evaluation: The experience of reading" The Bronze Horseman "(1981) and others. The collection of anecdotes and stories of the Stalinist and post-Stalinist era (" Staliniada ", 1990 "Pharisee", 1992; "History of the Soviet state," 1995). Borey, in Greek mythology, the god of the north wind. represent strong winged man. in a figurative sense - gusty cold wind. Borel (Borel) Emile (1871-1956), French mathematics, foreign corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1929). Proceedings of mathematical analysis, function theory, mathematical physics and probability theory. Boreskov Georgy (1907-84), the Russian chemist, academician of the USSR (1966), Hero of Socialist Labor (1967 ). Works on the theory of catalysis, mathematical modeling of industrial catalytic processes. Developed new industrial catalysts. USSR State Prize (1942, 1953). Boreskov Mikhail Matveevich (1829-98), the Russian military engineer, lieutenant-general. Supervised installation of minefields during the Crimean (1853-56) and the Russian-Turkish (1877-78) wars. The method of calculation of charges for blasting (formula Boreskov). Wrestler in botany - the same as aconite. Boretskaya (Isakov), a family of 15 in Novgorod boyars. Known: 1) Isaac A. (? - C. 1460), the degree of burgomaster in 1438-1439 and 1453; his wife - Martha Governor's Wife ... 2) Dmitry Isaacovich (? - 1471), the degree of burgomaster in 1471, captured in battle and executed Shelonskoy Ivan III; .. 3) Fedor Isaacovich arrested for hostile activities of Moscow. Borjomi, city (1921) in Georgia, p. Kura. Railway junction. 19.3 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Balneological and climatic resort. Bottling plant of mineral waters. Theater. Museum.
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