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BISHOP (Bishop) John Michael (b. 1936), an American molecular biologist, virologist. Major work on the molecular genetics of cancer, origin, structure and function of oncogenes. Proved (with H. Varmus and French scientist D. Steelenom) cellular nature of viral oncogenes. Nobel Prize (1989, together with Varmus). BISHOP (Bishop) Elizabeth (1911-79), American poet. Collection of poems "North and South" (1946), "Cold Spring" (1955), "Geography Class III" (1976). Autobiographical fiction, memoirs of M. Moore, translations O. Paz, with whom Bishop friendly relations. Bischoff (Bischoff) Theodor Ludwig (1807-1882), a German anatomist, embryologist, foreign corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1846). Investigated the early stages of embryonic development in mammals. Described (1838) the process of crushing the eggs. BISCHOFITE, class mineral halides, MgCl2.6H2O. Admixture of Br (1%). White granular or fibrous aggregates. Hygroscopic. Characterized by burning-bitter taste. Hardness 1-2; density 1.6 g / cm3. Beds of sedimentary. Raw materials for magnesium and magnesium compounds. Used in medicine. BIEN (Behan) Brendan (1923-64), Irish writer. Autobiographical story "In the Penal Colony" (1958), "Confessions of an Irish Rebel" (published in 1965); play "The Hostage" (1958) directed against the callousness and cruelty of modern society. Anabasis salsa, fodder plant genus barnyardgrass. Biya, the river in the Altai, the right to draw Obi. 301 km catchment area of 37 thousand. Km2. Follows from Teletskoje Lake. Average water consumption in Biysk 477 m3 / s. Rafting. Navigable for 225 km from the mouth. Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831-91), Russian writer and Theosophist. Wandered through Europe, North. Africa, Asia Minor, North. and South. America, India and China. In 1859 returned to Russia in 1860 and staged a seance. Leaving in 1873 in the United States, published in the American press articles on spiritualism. Took American citizenship (1877). Under the influence of Indian philosophy founded in 1875 in New York Theosophical Society. In 1878 went to India, where he settled in 1878 with the Theosophical Society. In 1884 returned to Europe, where it was made public a series of letters Blavatsky, from which it was clear that many of its "phenomena" were a hoax. Major works of HP Blavatsky: "Isis Unveiled" (1877), "The Secret Doctrine" (vols. 1-3, 1888-97). GOOD (Blaga) Lucian (1895-1961), Romanian writer and philosopher irrationalist. Expressionist poetry collections ("At the Gates of mental anguish", 1938) and historical dramas ("Noah's Ark", 1944). The joie de vivre in the book "Poems" (published 1962). Books on art theory. Blaginin Elena (1903-89), Russian poet, playwright, translator. Poems for children - collections of "Autumn" (1936), "Bunny" (1946), "Autumn ask" (1956), "Wonderful Clock" (1976), "Fly Away - flew" (1982), "Alenka" (1986) and others. Plays: "Petrushka on the Roof" (1942), "above friendship - there is no happiness" (1980) and others.. Fortunately, in philosophy - that contains some positive meaning. "Highest good" (a term introduced by Aristotle, Lat. Summum bonum) - then, depending on what was determined in the philosophies correlative value of all other goods: bliss, "eudaimonia" in ancient Greek ethics, Single - Plato and neo-Platonism, God medieval scholasticism. From the end. 19 in. term benefit of the displaced term value. In a narrower sense the good in ethics - a synonym for good. Missus, in the category of saints of the Orthodox Church of the rulers (kings or princes), renowned for piety and promote Orthodox faith. Evangelism, festive church bells ringing, performed a bell. Annunciation, one of the twelve great religious holidays associated with the Christian tradition of the Archangel Gabriel, announced the future birth of the Virgin Mary, Jesus Christ. Believers celebrated on March 25 (April 7). Blagoveshchensk, city (with 1858) in the Russian Federation, the center of the Amur region., A port on the river. Cupid, at the confluence. Zeya. Railway station. 241 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Mechanical Engineering (production of equipment for mining and gold mining industry; shipbuilding and other plants, production of electrical appliances, etc..), Woodworking, light and food industries. 4 university. 2 theater. Museum. Founded in 1856 as Ust-Zeya military post. Blagoveshchensk, city (with 1941) in the Russian Federation, Bashkortostan, a marina on the River. White. 28.2 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Rebar, wire-nail factories and others. Founded in 1756. Blagoveshchensk Basil T. (1801-64), the Russian writer, critic of serfdom in Estonia. The main work - "Estonian and his master." Blagovo Dmitri (a monk Pimen) (1827-97), Tolga Monastery Archimandrite, Rector of Russian embassy church in Rome. Author of the book "Tales grandmother" (1878-80), the language of the family legend tells about the life and culture of Russia 18 - 1st floor. 19th centuries. Collection of "Spiritual Poems" (1875). Essays on the history of the Russian Orthodox Church. Thanks, city (1971) in the Russian Federation, Stavropol kr. Railway station. 29.9 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Food industry. Grace, a mountain on Wed. Ural Mountains, near the town of Kushva. Iron ore mining. Height (before development) 364 m. See. Goroblagodatsky iron ore deposits. Dimitar Blagoev (1856-1924), leader of the revolutionary movement in Russia and Bulgaria. In 1883 founded the St. Petersburg Social-Democratic Blagoev group. Holder (1891) of the Bulgarian Social Democratic Party, in 1903 - the party Tesnyaki, in 1919 - the Communist Party. Blagoev groups, the first Social Democratic organization in Russia (St. Petersburg, 1883-87, 1884 Nathaniel "Party Russian Social-Democratic"). Up to 30 people, mostly students. Leaders - Blagoev, A. Latyshev, VG Kharitonov, NP Andreev. Communication with the group "Emancipation of Labour". Ok. 15 workers' groups (up to 150 people), an underground printing press, the newspaper "Business". Defeated by the police. BLAGOEVGRAD (until 1950 Gorna Dzhumaya), a city in south-western Bulgaria. 60 thousand. Inhabitants (1989). Tobacco, food, wood, machinery, furniture, cotton industry. Balneological resort. GOOD Shostakovich (1893-1984), the Russian literary critic, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1953). Works are devoted to the history of Russian poetry 18-20 cc., The work of Alexander Pushkin. USSR State Prize (1951). Virtue Blagonravov (1894-1975), the Russian scientist, academician of the USSR (1943), Lieutenant-General of Artillery (1943), twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1964, 1974). Works on the mechanics and artillery armament. Lenin Prize (1960), the USSR State Prize (1941). Noble gases (inert gases), chemical elements: helium He, neon Ne, Ar Ar, krypton Kr, Xe, radon Rn; belong to group VIII of the periodic system. Monatomic gas is colorless and odorless. In small quantities, are present in the air contained in some minerals, natural gases, in dissolved form - in water. Also found in the atmospheres of the giant planets. Until 1962 were considered absolutely chemically inert, but later obtained a number of derivatives of Ar, Ne, Xe, Kr and Rn (fluoroxide, fluorides, inclusion compounds). Noble Truths, the foundations of Buddhist teachings, the Buddha open at the time of the Enlightenment and formulated them in four statements. Noble metals gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium). Are chemically resistant, refractory (except for Au and Ag), beautiful appearance in the product (hence the name). Precious coral (red coral), marine sessile colonial animals of the order gorgonians. Lives at depths of 10-200 m in the Mediterranean m. And Atlantic approx. (near the Canary Islands). Skeleton of making ornaments. Deer, cloven-hoofed animals of the deer family. The body length of up to 2.5 m, weighs up to 340 kg. The male branched horns. A number of subspecies (Altai red deer, red deer, and others.), In the North. Africa, Europe (excluding the north-east), Asia (except north), North temperate zone. America. Acclimatized in Australia, New msg. Zealand, South. America. The object of hunting (meat, leather, horn); in some places hunting is forbidden. 8 subspecies in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Red deer and elk are bred in reindeer farms (annually cut down young horns -). Blagosvetlov Evlampievich Gregory (1824-1880), Russian writer and journalist. Member of the "Land and Freedom" of the 1860s. Publisher-editor of the journals "Russian word", "Business". Welfare provision of essential material and spiritual wealth, ie. E. Goods, services and conditions that satisfy certain human needs. Welfare system expressed indicators of living standards. CHARITY, material assistance to needy individuals as well as organizations. Charity can be also aimed at the promotion and development of any socially significant forms of activity (eg., Environmental protection, protection of cultural monuments). Deanery council, police authority in the capital and provincial cities of the Russian Empire in 1782 - con. 19 in. (closed gradually). To execute the orders of the local administration and judicial sentences, in charge of urban development (up to 1870) and trade. Had some judicial functions of minor criminal and civil cases (up to 1864). Deanery, assistant bishop in the Russian Orthodox Church in the 18th century .; oversaw the clergy of several churches or monasteries (deanery district). BLESSED .. 1) in the face of the Catholic Church, after their death declared pope "godly". The veneration of the Blessed (as opposed to the saints) has local significance only ... 2) The Russian Orthodox Church Cathedral - fools and some saints. BLAZHKO Sergei Nikolaevich (1870-1956), a Russian astronomer, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1929). Major works on practical astronomy study of variable stars. Designed a number of astronomical instruments (gapless stellar spectrograph et al.). USSR State Prize (1952). Blind River (Blind River), uranium-bearing conglomerates area in Canada (the province. Ontario). Opened in 1948. Proven reserves of 270 thousand. Tons of uranium when its content in the ore is 0.12%; passing components - the rare earth elements. The main fields - Agnew Lake and Elliot Lake. Production center - town Blind River. Blakytny-Ella (pres. Name and fam. Vasily Mikhailovich Ellansky) (1894-1925), Ukrainian writer and public figure. In 1918-20, one of the leaders of Ukrainian Left Socialist Revolutionaries (Borotbists). In 1920-25 a member of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine. Poems, satires, literary critiques. Blumberg (Blumberg) Baruch (b. 1925), American geneticist. Opened (1964) antigen in serum hepatitis (Vol. N. Australian antigen) and developed a method for laboratory monitoring of blood donors for his presence. Nobel Prize (1976, together with K. Gayduzekom). Blanc (Blanc) Louis (1811-82) was a French utopian socialist. Argued that the elimination of social oppression is possible through the creation of public workshops and the introduction of universal suffrage. During the Revolution of 1848 a member of the Provisional Government, led by the Luxembourg Commission. Blandiana (Blandiana) Ana (b. 1924), a Romanian poet. Philosophical poetry in the book "The Third Secret" (1969), "Eye of the Cricket" (1981), "Star of Prey" (1985). FORM Boris Leibovich (b. 1938), the Russian painter and movie director. Film production designer: "Welcome, or No Trespassing" (1964), "Shine, Shine, My Star" (1969), "A Hunting Accident" (1978) and others. The director's style is different Blanca unconventional approach to interpretation of classic works ("If you like to know", 1993, based on the play by Anton Chekhov "Three Sisters," "Shylock", 1993, by William Shakespeare, "Arturo Ui" by Bertolt Brecht, 1996). FORM Karl Ivanovich (1728-93), a Russian architect, representative of the baroque and early classical. Participated in the restructuring of the Cathedral of the New Jerusalem Monastery (1747-60), construction Orphanage (1764-70) in Moscow, Kuskovo estate (1760-80-ies.). Blanche of Castile (Blanche de Castille) (1188-1252), the French queen, wife of Louis VIII. During the reign of his son, Louis IX rules state in 1226-36, 1248-52. Blankenburg (Blankenburg), mud and climatic resort in Germany, Saxony-Anhalt, south-east of the town of Wernigerode. FORMS (Blanqui) Louis Auguste (1805-81), the French Communist utopian, participant in the revolutions of 1830 and 1848. In the 30-ies. Mystery of national societies. In absentia (he was in prison) was elected a member of the Paris Commune of 1871. The success of the social revolution connected with the conspiracy organization of revolutionaries who, in his opinion, the decisive moment will support the masses Blantyre-Limbe (Blantyre-Limbe) (Blantyre), a city in Malawi. 403 thousand. Inhabitants (1987). International Airport. Cement plant, tobacco, clothing factories. Tobacco auction. National Museum. Blanter Matthew Isaakovich (1903-90), composer, People's Artist of the USSR (1975), Hero of Socialist Labor (1983). Operetta "On the bank of the Amur River" (1939), songs, t. H. "Katyusha" (1939), "In the woods near the front" (1944), "Flying migratory birds" (1949). USSR State Prize (1946). Blanching (from the French. Blanchir - whitewash, parboil) 1) processing of fruits and vegetables with hot water, steam for protection against darkening and facilitate cooking jam. Blanching is also used in the preparation of raisins, grapes uvyalivanii in the production of wines ... 2) removal of the tanning industry with the underside of the skin subcutaneous tissue residues. Blanche (Blanchot) Maurice (b. 1907), French writer, thinker and essayist. Novels "Aminadav" (1942), "Madness of the Day" (1973), the story "In Death" (1948). Reflections on the literary avant-garde of the eighteenth and twentieth centuries., Was a collection of "Space Literature" (1955), "The Infinite Conversation" (1969), "Friendship" (1971), "Letter collapse" (1980) and affected the theory and practice of structuralism and "new novel." Blasco Ibáñez (Blasco Ibanez) Vicente (1867-1928), Spanish writer. Social novels "Farm" (1898), "uninvited guests" (1904), "The Horde" (1905), philosophical and psychological novel "Naked maha" (1906), "Blood and Sand" (1908), the novel "In Search of the Great Khan "(1928) on C. Columbus. Blastema (from the Greek. Blastema - a germ, a descendant), 1) the accumulation of specialized cells at the wound surface after the amputation of body. During the regeneration blastema formation of tissue recovering body ... 2) A group of cells that develops a new individual with asexual reproduction in cnidarians, worms, sea squirts and other animals ... 3) The surface layer of cytoplasm in the eggs of many arthropods. Blasts ... (from the Greek. Blastos - germ, germ), part of compound words - biological and medical terms, means: associated with embryo. Blastoids (sea buds), a class of extinct marine animals such as echinoderms. Length up to 35 cm. Lived with Ordovician to Permian. More than 300 species. Guidance resources. Blastomeres (from blastomeres ... and Greek. Meros - part), the cells formed during crushing eggs in multicellular animals. Blastomeres do not grow, and at each subsequent division (up to the formation of the blastula) is halved. Blastomycosis, a disease mainly dogs, less human, caused by pathogenic yeast fungus. Symptoms: abscesses in the skin, in internal organs. BLASTOMOGENEZ, the same as tumorigenesis. Blastocyst (from blastomeres ... and Greek. Kystis - bubble) (blastodermichesky bubble), stage of development of the mammalian animals and humans in the process of crushing the fertilized egg. Contains embryonic knot from which the developing fetus and its membranes. The outer wall forms a blastocyst trophoblast. Blastula (from the Greek. Blastos - embryo), the stage of embryonic development of multicellular animals during blastulation - the final phase of the period of crushing eggs. Blastula structure depends on the type of crushing amount and distribution in the egg yolk. Many animals in the blastula stage a cavity - blastocoel. Principality of Lower Pannonia, in the 9th century. Slavic state in the Lake. Balaton. Center - Blatengrad, founded by Prince Pribina. In 874 Principality of Lower Pannonia became part of the Great Moravian Empire. BLAU (Blaeu), a family of Dutch scientists and cartographers publishers: Willem Janszoon (1571-1638) and others. The company Blau published the terrestrial and celestial globes, atlases multi-volume ("New atlas", "Great Atlas") - a collection of maps, geographic texts (translated into many languages). BLAU (Blau) Marietta (1894-1970), Austrian physicist. In 1939-60 she worked in the US, in 1960 returned to Austria. Proceedings of radioactivity, cosmic ray physics, nuclear physics. First used in 1936 photographic plates for the study of cosmic rays. Blaumanis (Blaumanis) Rudolph (1863-1908), Latvian writer. Stories about the life of the Latvian peasantry (the collection "In the light of a torch," 1893), plays ("Sins of Trina's" 1896, "The evil spirit", 1891). Satirical poems on political topics. BLASHKOVICH (Blasckovic) Dionísio (b. 1913), Czechoslovak Microbiology and Virology, academician (1952), vice president (1961-65) of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; Foreign Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences from 1966). Works on the natural foci, the circulation in the nature of pathogenic viruses, general virology, hygiene. Pale toadstool, the most poisonous agaric of the genus Amanita. Hat green or greenish to white, with white plates. Leg with filmy ring and bag-shaped sheath. In deciduous, rarely coniferous forests of Eurasia and North. America. BLAZER (Eng. Blazer), male or female loose-fitting jacket (usually of fine cloth or gabardine) with patch pockets. Blake (Blake) Peter (p .1920), American architect and theorist of modern architecture. The author projects of private and public buildings in an international style. Book "Skilled builders" (1960), "Form sluduet for the fiasco" (1977) and others. Blake (Blake), William (1757-1827), English poet and artist. Collections of "Songs of ignorance" (1789), "Songs of knowledge" (1794), "prophetic" poem (1789-1820) in the mythological and biblical reflect events of the French Revolution con. 18 in. and the American War of Independence. Blake's poetry as for his illustrations for his own books and the "Divine Comedy" by Dante, is characterized by romantic fiction, philosophical allegory. Bleuler (Bleuler) Eigen (1857-1939), Swiss psychiatrist and psychologist. Described (1911) schizophrenia as a distinct disease. BLEYMAN Mikhail (1904-73), a Russian screenwriter and critic. Film scripts (St. 40, some in collaboration): "Secret Agent", "It Happened in the Donbass", "Disturbing youth." USSR State Prize (1948). Gray ores, minerals group subclass of complex sulphides that form isomorphous series tennantite Cu12As4S13 - tetrahedrite Cu12Sb4S13. Impurities Ag (Freiberga - up to 17%), Zn, Fe, Hg. Steel-gray, iron-black granular aggregates, grain. The hardness of 3-4.5; the density of 4.6-5.4 g / cm3. Are included in copper ore is extracted as antimony, silver and mercury. Blakeslee (Blakeslee) (Blakeslee) Albert Francis (1874-1954), American botanist and geneticist. In 1927, together with S. Geiger experiments on dope proved the possibility of mutations by radiation. Opened (1904) geterotallizma phenomenon in fungi. Opened (1937, together with O. T. Avery) method of obtaining polyploid mutations in plants, acting on them with colchicine. The initiator of the method of cultivation of plants embryos. Blainville (Blainville), Henri (1777-1850), French zoologist and anatomist, foreign corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1840). Finally separated the taxonomic group of amphibians from reptiles, mammals shared on poultry, two- and odnoutrobnyh (modern. Monotremes, marsupials, placental). BLEND Sun Shield, a device is usually in the form of a cylinder or cone that is worn on the front of the lens barrel to prevent it from getting side beams. Ophthalmia (from the Greek. Blennos - mucus and rheo - CURRENT), acute purulent conjunctivitis caused by gonococcus. Occurs most frequently in infants who are infected during birth from mothers with gonorrhea. Can lead to blindness. Bleriot (Bleriot) Louis (1872-1936), a French aircraft designer and pilot, one of the pioneers of aviation. Since 1906 built aircraft. First flew across the English Channel (1909). SHINE heavenly light, lighting, created by a luminary in the place of observation on the plane perpendicular to the rays; measured in magnitudes. SHINE, qualitative characteristic properties of the surface that reflects light. Strict scientific definition of gloss available. Baubles, artificial bait for catching predatory fish. Metal plate with one or more opening for the hook and the fishing line. Used mainly in sport fishing. Glitters GHANA (Blest Gana) Alberto (1830-1920), Chilean writer. Cycle realistic novels "Arithmetic in Love" (1860), "Martin Rivas" (1862), a historical novel "In the era of the Reconquista" (1897), a satirical novel. Lustrer 1) superfamily solitary wasps. The length of 5-15 mm. St. 2,000 species, are distributed widely. Many - parasites of bees, sawflies and other Hymenoptera ... 2) The family of beetles. The length of 1-6 mm, convex body, brilliant. St. 2,000 species, are distributed widely. Some - herbivorous pests, for example. Rape weevil; Swarm. "Splendid isolation", the designation of the foreign policy of the United Kingdom in the 2nd floor. 19 in .: refusal to participate in the long-term international alliances so as to maintain freedom of action. Blepharitis (from the Greek. Blepharon - eyelid), inflammation of the eyelid margins: redness, formation of scales, sores, itching, eye fatigue. Causes: work in a dusty environment, conjunctivitis and other diseases. Blepharospasm, circular muscle spasm century (shown in their closing) mainly in patients with lesions of the conjunctiva and cornea. Blech (Blechen) Karl (1798-1840), a German painter, printmaker, stage designer. In the romantic scenery introduced lowly domestic motives ("rolling-mill plant near Neustadt-Eberswalde," 1834). Blida, a city in northern Algeria, the administrative center of the wilaya of Blida. 171 thousand. Inhabitants (1987). Food, textile industry. Blier (Blier) Bertrand (b. 1939), French director. Started out as a documentary in the spirit of the direction t. N. Cinema-believe ("Hitler? I do not know", 1963). In 1973 set feature film "Going Places," in which famous actors Miou-Miou, P. and J. Devaer Depardieu, create a collective portrait of the young generation. For Blier stsetsificheskaya characteristic mixture of naturalism, subtle lyricism and mysticism ("Appetizers", 1979; "Too Beautiful for You", 1989; "My Man", 1996 et al.). Middle East territory in the west Asia and north-east Africa, on which the Egypt, Sudan, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Cyprus, Turkey . Short-range order, consistency in the location of neighboring particles in matter, ie. E. Conduct (as opposed to long-range order) at small distances comparable to the size of the particles themselves. Only short-range order characteristic of the liquid and solid amorphous solids, crystalline bodies is inherent in both the near and long-range order. NEAR think the few board trustees king (Grand Duke) in Russia 15 - early. 18 cc .; in the middle. 16 in. actual government (elected pleased). In the 2nd floor. 17 in. room named council or the Secret Council. Short-range view, according to which the interaction between remote from each other bodies by means of an intermediary (or medium), transmit interference from point to point at a finite rate. Bliznakov Manuilov George (b. 1920), the Bulgarian chemist, academician (1979) and vice president (1976-1977) of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; Foreign Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1982). Studies on the directional solidification, deep cleaning materials, technology ceramic materials and methods for coating of them. Twins, two or more offspring, born about the same time, in humans and mammals those who usually give birth to one calf. The twins are identical (from the same fertilized egg) and fraternal (two or more eggs fertilized at the same time). In humans, twins account for 80-85 singleton births, triplets 6-8 thousand., Quadruplets and five fingers are very rare. Observations of the twins used in genetics to analyze the interaction of heredity and environment (twin method). GEMINI (lat. Gemini), zodiacal constellation with two closely spaced bright stars - Castor and Pollux. Bliznitsa large, 4 in Barrow. BC. e. on the Taman Peninsula. Burial Sind nobility (stone crypt with paintings, sarcophagi, jewelry, weapons, ceramics, etc..). Myopia (myopia), lack of vision, in which close objects clearly visible and bad - long-term; the result of increased refractive power of the optical media of the eye (cornea, lens) or too long axis (normal refractive force) of the eyeball. When entering into myopia eye parallel rays coming from a distant object, not going on the retina (which is necessary for a clear view), and in front of her. Dugout (fr. Blindage), fortification as a depression in the ground with walls and floors made of wood, concrete, steel, to protect the land from enemy fire and damaging factors nuclear explosion. Blinnikov Sergey Kapitonovich (1901-1969), Russian actor, People's Artist of the USSR (1963). Since 1922 the Moscow Art Academic Russian theater. State Prize of the USSR (1949, 1951). BLINOVA Nikitichna Catherine (1906-81), the Russian geophysicist, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1953). Proceedings on dynamic meteorology. A numerical method for long-term weather forecasting.
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