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Birich (Herald) in Other. Russia crier announced at areas will of the prince, the prince assistant for legal and diplomatic affairs. TAG (Birka), trade and craft center of the Viking Age (c. 800-975) on the island. Bjerke (oz. Mälaren, Sweden). Remains of settlements, burial and cremation burials under mounds rich. Birkhoff (Birkhoff) (Birkhoff) George David (1884-1944), American mathematician. Works on the theory of dynamical systems, topology. Birkebeiner (letters. - Berezovonogie, Lapotnikov), members of civil wars in Norway during the 2nd floor. 12 - early. 13 cc., Mostly impoverished bonds (but partially and large owners). In 1184, Sverrir, who led the movement that defeated the military forces opponents Birkebeiner - large landowners, the higher clergy and their protege - King Magnus Erlingsona and became king. Many Birkebeiner turned into royal service people. Birkin (Berkin) Jane (b. 1947), the Anglo-French actress and singer. Starred in the films of M. Antonioni ("Blow", 1968), J. Rivet ("Bodyguard", "Prostrate Cupid", both 1984; "Beautiful argumentative", 1990), J.-L. Godard ("Train your right", 1987), his brother Andrew Birkin ("The Cement Garden", 1993), and others. "Birla" (Birla), India's financial and industrial group. Arose in the middle. 19 in. as credit and financial services company. The basis of its activity - light industry, as well as non-ferrous metals, automotive, electrical industry, commerce et al. (All St. 50 branches). Total assets of the parent company 4.1 billion. Dollars., 3.8 billion sale. Dol., Gross profit 111 million. Dollars. (con. 1980.). Burma, Myanmar state title until 1989. Birman (Biermann) Franz Ludwig Benedict (b. 1907), a German astronomer. The first theoretical model of convection in the stars (1930)., Predicted the existence of a permanent corpuscular flow from the Sun (the solar wind) and an extended hydrogen shell around the head of the comet (1964). Birman Germanovna Seraphim (1890-1976), actress and director, People's Artist of Russia (1946). Since 1911, the Moscow Art Theatre, then at the Moscow Art Theatre 2nd in 1938-58 in the Moscow Theater. Lenin Komsomol, 1959 in the Theater. Moscow City Council. Starred in the films "Ivan the Terrible" and others. USSR State Prize (1946). Burmese language, the official language of Myanmar (b. Burma). Refers to the Sino-Tibetan language family. At the heart of the Burmese alphabet is one of the types of South Indian writing. BIRMINGHAM (Birmingham), a city in the UK, the administrative center of the metropolitan county of West Midlands. 2.3 million. Inhabitants (1992). Mechanical engineering and metal processing, metallurgy, chemical and rubber industry. Universities. Arose in the first century. n. e. Birmingham, a city in the southeast United States, pcs. Alabama. 266 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Port on the shipping channel connected to p. Black Warrior. Iron and steel, machinery, chemicals, food processing, printing, furniture, etc. Industry. 2 University. Founded in 1871 in Birmingham, the oldest iron pool in the United States (Ala.). Sedimentary deposits (oolitic hematite ore and residual). Total reserves St. 2 billion. Tons of ore; containing Fe 23-45% (primary ore), 38-56% (weathered ore). Production center - Birmingham. Birnbaum Ernst Karlovich (1894-1965), the Russian balloonist. In 1929-30 chief of aeronautics school Osoaviahima in Moscow. During the Great Patriotic War, the division commander, barrage balloons in Moscow. Birobidzhan city (since 1937) in the Russian Federation, the center of the Jewish Autonomous Region., At p. Bira. Railway junction. 86.7 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Mechanical engineering (plants, "Dalselmash" power transformers), light and woodworking industry. Theater. Museum. Biron Evgeniy Vladislavovich (1874-1919), a Russian chemist, doctor of chemistry (1913). Major works are devoted to the study of the interaction of substances in solution, development of chemical theory of solutions Mendeleev. Opened (1915) phenomenon t. N. secondary periodicity for certain elements in the periodic table of Mendeleev. Ernst Johann Biron (1690-1772), Count, a favorite of the Empress Anna Ivanovna, chief chamberlain of her court; Duke of Courland (since 1737). In 1730-40 enjoyed the full confidence of the Empress Anna Ivanovna. Biron pursued policy has led to the dominance of foreigners, looting the country's wealth, brutal persecution, and so dissatisfied.. After a palace coup in 1740 was arrested and exiled. In 1761 pardoned by Emperor Peter III. Beers (Bierce) Ambrose (1842-1914?), American writer. In technically sophisticated stories, essays, parables embodies an atmosphere of fear, tragic worldview cleavage by grotesque and fantastic satirical images (collections of "The Tale of military and civilian", 1892, "In the midst of life," 1892). Birsk, a city in the Russian Federation, Bashkortostan, a marina on the River. White. 36.1 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Food companies, garment factory. Pedagogical Institute. Founded in 1663. Biruni (Biruni) (Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni) (973 - c. 1050), the Central Asian scholar and lexicographer. He was born in Khorezm. Wrote in Arabic. Works on the history of India, mathematics and astronomy ("Canon Mas'ud", 1030), geography and topography, physics, medicine, geology and mineralogy, and others. For the first time on Wed. East suggested that the Earth moves around the sun. Biruni, a city in Karakalpakstan. See. Biruni. Birštonas (Birstonas), city (1966) in Lithuania, p. Nemunas (Neman), 39 km from Kaunas. 4.2 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Mud-bath resort. Turquoise, class mineral phosphates, CuAl6 [PO4] 4 · [OH] 8 · 5H2O. Impurity Fe, Zn. Dense cryptocrystalline masses and nodules of sky-blue or blue-green. Hardness 5-6; the density of 2.8-2.9 g / cm3; matt gloss, wax. Gem. The main field in Iran (Nishapur); Tajikistan (Karamzor), Uzbekistan (Kyzyl Kum). Turquoise Sergei Semenovich (1904-64), the Russian commander, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1955), Hero of the Soviet Union (1958). During the Great Patriotic War, Army Chief of Staff, a number of fronts and army commander. In 1955-62 Chief of the Air Defense Missile Forces of the country in 1962-63 Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces. In 1963-64 Chief of Staff - 1st Deputy Minister of Defence of the USSR. He died in a plane crash. Dmitri A. Biryukov (1904-69), the Russian physiologist, academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1962). Since 1950 - Director of the Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Proceedings of comparative physiology and pathology of higher nervous activity. Discovered (1935) a number of features unconditioned salivation in humans. Established (1943) the presence of baroreceptors in the dura. One of the founders of ecological physiology of nervous activity. Nikolay Biryukov Zotovich (1912-66), the Russian writer. The story "The Seagull" (1945, USSR State Prize, 1951), dedicated to the heroic fate of the Soviet partisan Lisa Chaikinoi. Biryukov Pavel Ivanovich (1860-1931), a Russian publisher, public figure. The book "Biography of Leo Tolstoy" (vols. 1-4, 1922-23). Biryusa (It Big Biryusa), a river in south-eastern west. Siberia, the left component of p. Taseeva. 1012 km. Basin area of 55.8 thousand. Km2. Start in East. Sayan. The average water flow of 365 m3 / s. Rafting. Navigable in the middle reaches. Biryusinsk, city (1967) in the Russian Federation, Irkutsk region., At p. Biryusa. Railway station. 12.1 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Sawmill and woodworking factory, hydrolysis plant. Biryusinsk ridge in East. Sayan. Length approx. 100 km. Height up to 1922 m. The pine-larch taiga. Herald, the same as Birich. Privet, genus of shrubs, rarely trees of the family olive. Ok. 40 species in Europe, North. Africa, Asia Minor, the Caucasus and the Far East. Of the fruits of Ligustrum vulgare extract paint. Privet is used as an ornamental plant to plant trees and shrubs (very tolerant of urban conditions, a haircut) and shelterbelts. LSI cm. Most integrated circuit. Bissau, the people in Burkina Faso, Ghana (150 thousand. People), Nigeria (80 thous. People) and Ghana (30 thousand. Man, 1992). Language Bissau. Believers - Sunni Muslims. BISSAU (Bissau), the capital of Guinea-Bissau, the administrative center of the autonomous sector of Bissau. 125 thousand. Inhabitants (1988). Port on the Atlantic approx. International Airport. Food processing, sawmilling, furniture, light industry. Ship-repair workshops. Founded in the 17th century. History and Art Museum. BEADS (from Arabic. Busra - bugle), small multi-colored glass beads with holes that are used mainly for embroidery (on household items, women's clothing, and so on. D.). Bisque Akimovich Alexander (1883-1973), Russian poet. The father of the French poet Alain Bosquet. Poems (collections of "Shattered Necklace", 1912; "Alien and its" 1962), marked musical sound and rigorous form, gravitate to the traditions of symbolism. Translations of Rilke (first translated into Russian), J. M. Heredia, E. Verhaeren and others. Memoirs "Russian Paris 1906-1908." (1963). Since 1919 in exile (Bulgaria, Belgium, USA). BI-SKY-BI (B-Sky-B), see. "British Sky Broadcasting." Bay of Biscay (French. Golfe de Gascogne, Spanish. Golfo de Vizcaya) Atlantic ok., Off the coast of France and Spain. 200 thousand. Km2. The length of 400 km. Depth up to 5100 m. A tributary rivers. Loir-et-Garonne. Frequent storms. Tides up to 6.7 m. Fishing (sardines, flounder), oyster fishing. Major ports - Bordeaux, Brest, San Sebastian, Bilbao. Biscuit (fr. Biscuit), .. 1) unglazed porcelain. From the middle. 18 in. biscuit served desktop sculptural figures and groups ... 2) Pastry cake mix. Baked dough prepared by mixing flour with whipped eggs and sugar. Serves for biscuits, cakes, pastries. Biskra, a town in north-eastern Algeria, the administrative center of the wilaya Biskra. 100 thousand. Inhabitants (1980). Processing of agricultural raw materials. Textile factory. BISKUPINSKOE settlement, a monument to the Lusatian culture Ser. 1st millennium. BC. e. on the island on Lake Biskupinskom., near Poznan (Poland). Remains of wooden fortifications, houses, boats and others. BISMARCK (Bismarck) Otto von Shenhauzen (Schonhausen) (1815-98), prince, statesman, Germany, 1st Chancellor of the German Empire in 1871-90. Realized the unification of Germany in the Prussian-militarist basis; strengthened the domination of the country Junker-bourgeois bloc, fought against the clerical-particularist opposition ("Kulturkampf"), introduced Anti-Socialist Law, proclaimed some social reforms. One of the main organizers of the Triple Alliance in 1882, directed against France and Russia; It is assumed that the war with Russia would be extremely dangerous for Germanii.BISMARK Otto Eduard Leopold von Shenhauzen (Bismarck Otto Eduard Leopold von Schonhausen) (April 1, 1815, Shenhauzen - July 30, 1898, Friedrichsruh). Prussian-German statesman and first chancellor of the German imperii.Nachalo kareryVyhodets of Pomeranian Junkers. Studied law in Göttingen and Berlin. In 1847-48 - Member of the 1 and 2 of the United Landtag of Prussia, during the 1848 revolution advocated armed suppression of unrest. One of the organizers of the Prussian Conservative Party. In 1851-59 the representative of Prussia in the Bundestag in Frankfurt. In 1859-1862 Ambassador in Russia, Prussia, Prussia in 1862, Ambassador in France. In September 1862 during the constitutional conflict between the Prussian monarchy and the liberal majority Prussian Landtag Bismarck was called King William I of Prussia to the post of Minister-President; stubbornly defended the rights of the Crown and made to resolve the conflict in its polzu.Obedinenie Germany under the leadership of Bismarck's unification of Germany was carried out by "revolution from above" - the result of three victorious wars of Prussia in 1864, together with Austria against Denmark in 1866 against Austria, in 1870 71 against France. Continued commitment and loyalty Junkerdom Prussian monarchy, Bismarck was forced at this time to connect their actions with the German national-liberal movement. He managed to embody the hopes rising bourgeoisie and the national aspirations of the German people, to provide a breakthrough in Germany on the way to industrial policy obschestvu.Vnutrennyaya After the formation of the North German Confederation in 1867 Bismarck became bundeskantslerom. In proclaimed January 18, 1871 German Empire, he received the highest state post imperial chancellor, and in accordance with the Constitution of 1871 - almost unlimited power. In the early years of the Empire Bismarck had to reckon with the liberals, the parliamentary majority. But the desire to provide Prussia dominant position in the empire, and to strengthen the traditional social and political hierarchy own power and caused constant friction in relations between the Chancellor and the Parliament. Established and carefully guarded by Bismarck system - a strong executive, personified by him, and a weak parliament, repressive policies toward labor and socialist movements - did not meet the objectives of the booming industrial society. It was the root cause of the weakening of the Bismarck by the end of the 80s. In 1872-1875 on the initiative and under pressure from Bismarck had been taken against the Catholic Church laws depriving the rights of the clergy oversee schools, on the Prohibition of the Jesuit order in Germany, the mandatory civil marriage, the abolition of the articles of the Constitution provides for the autonomy of the Church and others. These activities - t. n. "Kulturkampf", dictated by purely political considerations fight against particularistic-clerical opposition, severely restricted the rights of the Catholic clergy; attempts to cause insubordination repression. This led to separation from the state of the Catholic population. In 1878, Bismarck had the Reichstag through "emergency law" against socialists, prohibits activities of the Social-Democratic organizations. In 1879, Bismarck pushed through Reichstag protectionist customs tariff. Liberals were pushed out of big politics. New Deal economic and financial policies consistent with the interests of big industrialists and large landowners. Their union has taken a dominant position in the political life and in public administration. In 1881-89, Bismarck had "social laws" (on workers' insurance in case of illness and in the event of injury, pensions for old age and disability), laid the foundations of social security of workers. However, he demanded tougher anti-labor policies and within 80s. successfully sought the extension of "exceptional law." Dual policy towards workers and socialists prevented their integration into the social and political system of the empire. The foreign policy of Bismarck's foreign policy built on the basis of the situation in 1871 after the defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War and the seizure by Germany of Alsace and Lorraine, which became a source of constant tension. With the help of a complex system of alliances to provide isolation of France, Germany rapprochement with Austria-Hungary and maintaining good relations with Russia (Union of the Three Emperors - Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia in 1873 and 1881, the Austro-German alliance in 1879, the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria -Hungary and Italy in 1882; Mediterranean agreement in 1887 between Austria-Hungary, Italy and England and "reinsurance Treaty" with Russia 1887) Bismarck was able to maintain peace in Europe; German Empire has become one of the leaders of international politics. Sunset career, however, in the late 80's, this system began to crack. Planned rapprochement between Russia and France. German colonial expansion, which began in the '80s, has exacerbated the Anglo-German relations. Russia's refusal to renew the "Reinsurance Treaty" in early 1890 was a major setback Chancellor. Bismarck failure in domestic policy was the failure of his plan to turn "the exclusive law" against socialists in permanent. In January 1890 the Reichstag refused to renew it. As a result of conflicts with the new Emperor Wilhelm II and with the military command on foreign and colonial policy, and on the labor question Bismarck was dismissed in March 1890 and the last 8 years of his life in his estate Fridrihsru.Sochineniya: Thoughts and memories. M., 1940-1941. T. 1-3.Die gesammelten Werke. Bd. 1-15. Berlin, 1924-1935.Literatura: Erusalimskiy A. Bismarck: Diplomacy and militarism. M., 1968.Chubinsky V. Bismarck: A Political Biography. M., 1988.Obolenskaya SV Policy Bismarck and the struggle of parties in Germany in the late 70s of the XIX century. M., 1992.Gall L. Bismarck: der weisse Revolutionіr. Frankfurt am M., 1980.Engelberg E. Bismarck: Urpreusse und Reichsgrїnder. Berlin, 1985.Engelberg E. Bismarck: Das Reich in der Mitte Europas. Berlin, 1990.Herre F. Bismarck: Der preussischer Deutsche. Munchen, 1993.S. V. Obolensky Bismarck Archipelago, a group of islands in the western Pacific c., To the northeast of the new. Guinea; as part of Papua New Guinea. Ok. 50.5 thousand. Km2. The population of 399 thousand. People (1990). The larger islands - new. Britain and the new. Ireland. Height up to 2300 m; there are active volcanoes. Rainforests. Tropical agriculture. The main town - Rabaul (on about. New. Britain). Bisnovatyi Matus Ruvimovich (1905-77), aircraft, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labor (1975). Under the leadership of Bisnovatyi created high-speed experimental aircraft. Lenin Prize (1966), the USSR State Prize (1973). Biss (Caretta), reptile family of sea turtles. In tropical and subtropical seas. Horny plates that cover the shell (length 90 cm), are highly valued. Number Biss sharply reduced in the Red Data Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Bisectors (from Lat. Bis - twice and seco - dissect) angle, the half (beam) emanating from the vertex of the angle and dividing it in half. Byssinosis (from the Greek. Byssos - cotton), pneumoconiosis caused by exposure to cotton dust. Acute byssinosis is also called fever cotton mills. BISSIR (Bissier) Julius (1893-1965), a German painter. In the 1930s. turned to abstract art influenced W. Baumeister and Brancusi. Acquainted with Chinese painting, created in black and white style of symbolic forms ("bipolar signs of life"). He worked mainly in watercolor and tempera. Byssus, 1) secret bissusovoy cancer (available at the foot of bivalves), solidifying the allocation of a strong thread that shellfish attached to the substrate. Byssus of mollusc Pinna and others in antiquity produced a special fabric - linen ... 2) A fungal disease of fish eggs in which the threads of the fungus hyphae envelop continuous layer of eggs each. BISSER (Bissiere) Roger (1888-1964), French painter, founder tashizma. Early paintings - monumental landscapes. Since 1919 worked in the magazine "Esprit Nouveau" (Esprit Nouveau) along with Le Corbusier and Ozanfanom. From 1925 he taught at the Academy Ranson. In the 1940s. creates a composition of pieces of tapestry et al. materials. Dmitry Bisti Spiridonovich (1925-90), Russian schedule, People's Artist of Russia (1984), Vice President of Arts (1988). Ostrovyrazitelnye, emotional book illustrations, easel painting. USSR State Prize (1978). Bistro (French. Bistre), the paint from wood soot mixed with water-soluble mucilage; European artists used the 15-18 centuries. when drawing pen and brush. Bistrita, a town in North. Romania, the administrative center of the county of Bistrita-Nasaud. 75 thousand. Inhabitants (1989). Mechanical engineering, woodworking, textile industry. Bistrita (Bistrita), a river in Romania, right tributary of the river. Siret (bass. Danube). 272 km. Basin area of 7.9 m. Km2. The average water flow of 55 m3 / s. Cascade of HPPs, rafting. BISTRO (Franz. Bistro), a snack bar, a small restaurant, mainly in France. Bistro Karl Ivanovich (1770-1838), the Russian General of Infantry (1831). Commanding the Guard Jaeger Regiment and Brigade, distinguished himself in the war of 1812 and foreign campaigns of the Russian Army 1813-14. Was popular in the army. Bisphenol A, the same as bisphenol. BISYA MON-TEN, in Japanese mythology guardian of the north, giving well-being. Depicted as a warrior with pagoda in one hand and a staff in the other. BISYA YUANTSZYUN (Ch. Mrs. azure clouds), in Chinese mythology fairy godmother, who lives in the city of Taishan, the owner of Fox. She asks the children and the harvest. BIT (Eng. Bit, from the binary - and binary digit - mark), a binary one, in information theory unit amount of information. Bits in computer science - binary digit, binary digit. The number of bits of computer memory determines the maximum number of binary digits, enclosing it; the number of data bits is the number of bits in which they are written. "Battle of Britain", during the 2nd World War II air fight over the British-about you in August 1940 - May 1941. The German command tried to get massive air raids surrender the UK and this secure rear in preparing for war against the Soviet Union, but has not reached the goal. "Battle of the Nations" which is found in the literature as the battle of Leipzig 1813. This title has erected a memorial monument near Leipzig. "Battle of the Spurs' see. Art. Courtrai. Bitt (from Gall. Beting), steel or cast iron bollard on the deck to secure the tow rope or anchor line. Bithyniidae snails, genus of freshwater gastropods subclass perednezhabernyh. The height of the sink up to 1 cm. Oak. 20 species in Eurasia; recorded in the North. America. Some Bithyniidae snails - intermediate hosts of trematodes (eg., Siberian, or cat, fluke that causes a person opistorhoz). "The Beatles" (eng. Beatles), English vocal-instrumental quartet, founded in Liverpool in 1956: P. McCartney (P. McCartney), J. Lennon (J. Lennon), John. Harrison (G. Harrison), Ringo Starr (Ringo Starr) (from 1962 till present. name and fam. Richard Starkey, Starkey). The songs in the style of "big beat" (symbol of early forms of rock music), with Ser. 60s. - In a distinctive manner, combined modern rhythm and tones with motifs of Celtic folk music and English ballad style of 17-18 centuries. Collapsed in 1970. The Group has made a significant contribution to the development of rock music, determine its transition from dancing and entertainment in the sphere of art. "Hipster" see. "Beat generation". BITS Andrew G. (b. 1937), the Russian writer. Analytical prose (short story collection "Apothecary Island", 1969 story "The Man in the Landscape", 1987, the novel "The Flying away Monks", 1990), marked by moral maximalism author's position recreates the spiritual aspect of psychology and intellectual 1960-80s., Lonely seeker absolute truths. In the novel "Pushkin House" (1978, published in Russian in 1987) - continuity and diversity of destinies of different generations of the Russian intelligentsia in the dramatic context of Soviet history. Tale-travel "One Country" (1961), "Lessons of Armenia" (1969) and others. Collections of stories "Days of Man" (1976), "Sunday" (1980). As an actor played in the movie "Someone Else's White and the Speckled" one of the main roles (1986). State Prize of the Russian Federation (1992). Bitola (b. Monastir), a city in south-western Macedonia, in the intermountain Bitol-Prilepskaya basin. 120 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Engineering, textile, leather, food processing (in Vol. H. Tobacco) industry, carpet weaving. Beatty (Beatty) Warren (b. 1938), American film actor, director, screenwriter and producer. Brother of actress S. Mac Lane. As an actor, he made his debut in 1961 in the film E. Kazan's "Splendor in the Grass." Played a major role in the film A. Penna "Bonnie and Clyde". In 1981, put the film on his own script "Red" about American journalist John Reed, played by himself. In 1990 he made the film "Dick Tracy" - a stylized comic book adaptation of the 1930s. Charles Gould. Bitumen (from Lat. Bitumen - mountain gum), hard or resinous insoluble (mostly black) of a mixture of hydrocarbons and their oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen derivatives. Distinguish natural bitumens (eg., Viscous subjected to weathering of oil) and artificial, are mainly produced from residues from oil distillation, cracking and oil purification (ie. N. Petroleum bitumen). Used in road construction (mainly in the form of asphalt), as well as in the production of various electric and waterproofing materials (eg., Roofing material). Bityug river in the European part of Russia, a left tributary of the Don. 379 km catchment area of 8800 km2. Average water consumption in Mr. Bobrov 18.6 m3 / s. Bitiagovsky Michael (? -1591), The clerk, the approximate Boris Godunov, ruled the palace economy Maria Nagaya in Uglich. Rebels killed citizens on suspicion of murder of Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich. Bifidobacteria (from Lat. Bifidus - divided in two and bacteria), the type of lactic acid bacteria, make up 80-90% of the normal intestinal flora of children and young farm animals during weaning. Inhibit the development of putrefactive and pathogenic microbes. Bifurcation (from Lat. Bifurcus - forked), in biologii- split, forked division, for example. trachea 2 main bronchus. Bifurcations in pedagogy - see. Art. Furcations. Bifurcation, the acquisition of a new quality in the movements of the dynamical system under small perturbations of its parameters. Basics of bifurcation theory laid Poincare and Lyapunov in the beginning. 20 in., Then this theory was developed by Andronov and students. Knowledge of basic bifurcations can significantly facilitate the study of real systems (physical, chemical, biological and others.), In particular to predict the nature of the new movements that occur at the moment of transition of the system into a qualitatively different state, to assess their stability and the existence region. River bifurcation, a division of the river into 2 branches, which then do not merge and form independent mouth. River bifurcation is possible with clearly marked watersheds. Bihar state in India, mainly in the plain of the Ganges. 174 thousand. Km2. The population of 86.3 million. People (1991). Adm. c. - Patna. Bihari (Bihari) Janos (1764-1827), Hungarian violinist and composer. Roma. Virtuoso improviser, head of the Hungarian Dance Orchestra, one of the founders Verbunkos. Works for Violin (based on Hungarian folk dances and songs). Ringtones Bihari used Beethoven, Liszt (highly valued his game), P. Sarasate. Bihar Mica-bearing area in India (pcs. Of Bihar), the largest in the world. Mastering 1848. pegmatitic deposits. The content of muscovite in the vein weight 100-150 kg / m3. Production center - town Kodarma. Bihari people, a group of people (maythiltsy, magicians bhadzhpurtsy) in India (92.5 million. Man pc. Bihar) and neighboring areas of Nepal (3640000. People), Bangladesh (1.45 million. People) and Bhutan. The total number of 97.6 million. People (1992). Languages Indo-Iranian branch. Believers - mostly Hindus. "Bihac REPUBLIC", the name of the territory in Central and West. Bosnia, part of Croatia and Dalmatia to the city center in the town of Bihac, liberated by the Yugoslav guerrilla forces from Nazi occupation in June - September 1942. In 1943, captured by the occupation forces and the collaborationist formations. Behaviorism (from the English. Behaviour, bihevior - behavior), the leading trend of American psychology 1st floor. 20 in. Considered the subject of psychology is not the consciousness and behavior, understood as a set of motor and reducible to them verbal and emotional responses (reactions) to action (incentives) environment. The founder of behaviorism - Thorndike, the program and the term proposed by J.. Watson (1913). Reached its greatest development in the 20s .; ideas and methods of behaviorism were transferred to anthropology, sociology, pedagogy, united in the US as "behavioral sciences", t. e. learning behavior. Neobiheviorizma 1930s. (Charles E. Tolman, KL Hull), trying to overcome the limitations of the basic scheme of behaviorism "stimulus - response", introduced her mediating link - "intervening variables" (various cognitive and motivating factors). Bihor (Bihor), a mountain range in Romania, zap.-Romanian mountains. Height up to 1848 m (Mt. Kukurbeta). Extinct volcanoes, karst. Leaved and coniferous forests. Bihter Michael A. (1881-1947), Russian pianist and conductor, Honoured Artist of Russia (1938). Performed as a pianist-ensemble, in Vol. H. With NI Zabiela, FI Chaliapin. In 1912-17 conductor of Musical Drama Theatre in St. Petersburg. Professor at the Leningrad Conservatory (1933). Bitsadze Andrei V. (1916-94), Russian mathematician, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1958), Academician of the Georgian Academy of Sciences (1969). Works on the theory of functions, differential equations. BICEPS (from Lat. Biceps - a two-headed), biceps. Biceps flexes the shoulder of man's hand at the elbow and the shoulder raises, hamstrings flex the lower leg at the knee joint. Bitsilli Pyotr Mikhailovich (1879-1953), Russian historian and philosopher of culture, literary critic. Assistant professor of Novorossiysk University in Odessa (1911), since 1920 in exile, a professor at Sophia University (1924-48). Works on the history of medieval culture, the history of Russian literature. "Beach Boys" (Beach Boys), an American band formed in 1961. Ingredients: Brian Wilson (vocals, bass guitar), Dennis Wilson (drums, vocals), Carl Wilson (guitar, vocals), Mike Love (vocals), e Dzherdan (bass guitar, vocals). The band's music is different melody, harmony vocals. The debut album hit the top twenty of America, and the second ("Surfing Yu-ES-YO") has become the "gold" in the number of records sold. Songs by the group held the highest place in the charts. The band broke up in 1983 after the death of Dennis Wilson. Bichevskaya Zhanna (p .1944), Russian singer, performer and collector of old Russian folk songs, urban romances. In 1969 became the winner of the All-Union Competition entertainers. In 1975 they released their first CD with recordings of her songs. Also performs songs Okudzhava B. Sh, which prompted the singer of her genre. In the 1990s. turned to church music, which is performed with deep penetration. Beecham (Beecham), Thomas (1889-1961), English conductor, impresario, composer. Conducted performances of "Russian Seasons" in London (1911, 1913), as well as the major British orchestras. He worked in the United States (1941-44). Orchestral suites, chamber works. Bicherahov, the organizers of the counter-revolution in the Caucasus in 1918-19, brothers: 1) F. Lazarus (1882-1952), colonel of the Terek Cossack troops. In 1918, said the transition to the side of Soviet power, and then opened the front of the Turkish invaders. Since 1919, the emigrant ... 2) George F. organizer performances (1918) Terek Cossacks against the Soviets, (1878-1920), head of the Terek Cossack and peasant council, and then the Provisional People's Government of the Terek region. Beecher Stowe (Beecher-Stowe) Harriet (1811-96), American writer. Novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin" (1852), "dreadlocks" (1856) - about the inhumanity of slavery in America. Image realism combined with the Christian mentality. Bichurin Nikita Yakovlevich (in monasticism Iakinf) (1777-1853), a Russian sinologist, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1828). 14 years as head of the spiritual mission in Beijing. Translator at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. Major work on the history and ethnography of Mongol and Turkic peoples (by Chinese sources), history, culture and philosophy of China. Bichat (Bichat) Marie Francois Xavier (1771-1802), a French physician, one of the founders of pathological anatomy and histology. Founder of scientific school. Described the morphological characteristics and physiological properties of a number of human tissues. Bish-IIRDU, mountain site in the north-Chu hr. Altai. Height up to 4173 m. Glaciation (approx. 80 glaciers, more than 130 km2, the largest glacier - B. Maashey, length 10 km). BISHKEK (until 1926 the official name Pishpek in 1926-91 Frunze), the capital of Kyrgyzstan, Center (1990), Chui region., In the Chui valley at the northern foot of the Kyrgyz ridge. Railway station. 631.3 thousand. Inhabitants (1991, including settlements, subject to City Council, 641.4 thousand. Inhabitants). Mechanical engineering (assembly of trucks, electrical equipment, instrument and machine tools, agricultural machinery, computers, etc..), Light, food processing, chemical, chemical-pharmaceutical, furniture, building materials industry. Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyzstan. 8 universities (in Vol. H. The Kyrgyz State University). 4 theaters (in Vol. H. Opera and Ballet Theatre). Museums: History of Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyz Fine Arts, Literature. Toktogul, nature and others. House museum: Frunze (born in Pishpek), G. Aitiev, SA Chuikov. Founded in 1864 as a Russian military settlement, the city since 1878. Since 1924 the center of Kara-Kirghiz (1925 Kyrgyz) Autonomous Region, in 1926 the capital of the Kirgiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936 - the Kirghiz SSR, 1991 - of the Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan).
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Будь-те первым, поделитесь мнением с остальными.
Будь-те первым, поделитесь мнением с остальными.