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Baronial, the informal name of Ekaterinenshtadt (now Marx Saratov region.) Until 1920. baroreceptors (from the Greek. Baros - severity and receptors), sensory nerve endings in the walls of blood vessels; perceived changes in blood pressure and reflex regulate its level. Hyperbaric (from the Greek. Baros - severity and therapy), the use of medicinal purposes high or low air pressure. Total barotherapy conducted in altitude chambers. The methods include barotherapy local banks. Barotrauma (from Lat. Baros - and the severity of the injury), damage to the organ of hearing, lung et al. With a sharp drop in atmospheric pressure; may occur during explosions, as well as pilots, parachutists, divers. Barragan (Barragan) Louis (p .1901), a Mexican architect. Using burnt brick, stucco and untreated wood, trying to achieve a harmonious connection at home and the surrounding garden (residence San Kristobalt, 1967-68; private building in Mexico City and its suburbs). Barrage (from the French. Barrage - barrage), a method of protection of mines and quarries from groundwater by full or partial fencing workings using waterproof devices. Loitering, flying fighter planes over certain areas in order to provide cover for ground objects. With the 60-ies. use the term "duty in the air." Barracuda (ling), a family of marine predatory fish Mugiliformes squad. Length up to 3 m. Approx. 20 species in tropical and subtropical seas of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific c., In Vol. H. 1 species in the Black Sea and the Sea of Japan. Eat only fish. Often hunt together with sharks; attack people. BARRANDE (Barrande) Joachim (1799-1883), French geologist and paleontologist, foreign corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1877). From 1831 he lived in the Czech Republic. Proceedings on the stratigraphy of the Lower Palaeozoic sediments of the Czech Republic. Allocated (split into divisions and tiers) Silurian system. Author capital multivolume monograph on paleontology (1852-94). Barrancabermeja (Barrancabermeja), a city in north-western Colombia. 137 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Port on the river. Magdalena. Center for oil extraction and refining. Petrochemicals. Barranquilla (Barranquilla), a city in north-western Colombia, the administrative center of the Department of the Atlantic. 1.35 million. Inhabitants (1985, with suburbs). Port on the river. Magdalena, accessible to ocean-going vessels. International Airport. Textile, oil, metal, cement, chemicals, food processing industry. Universities. Founded in 1629. barranco (Spanish. Barrancos), deep erosion furrows cut in the radial direction of the slopes of volcanoes cones. Barras (Barras) Paul (1755-1829), one of the organizers of the 1794 Thermidorian Reaction (France). In 1792, elected to the Convention, joined the Jacobins; late entry in the directory, facilitated the rise to power of Napoleon Bonaparte. BARRE Mohammed Siad (b. 1919), the president of Somalia in 1976-91, Major General (1966). Since 1965, the army commander. In 1969 - June 1976 the President of the Supreme Revolutionary Council and head of government. BARREL (Eng. Barrel, letters. - Drum), a measure of capacity and volume in the British measures. In the United States distinguish barrel dry - 115.628 dm3 and oil - 158,988 dm3. English barrel (for solids) is equal to 163.65 dm3. Barricade (fr. Barricade), artificial defensive barricade of logs, sandbags, rocks, etc.. Across the streets, roads, bridges, mountain passes, and others. Barrymore (Barrymore), John (pres. Fam. Blythe, Blythe) (1882-1942), American actor. The representative Barrymore acting family. In the theater since 1903. The largest US tragedian 1st Thurs. 20 in. (Hamlet - "Hamlet" by William Shakespeare, Protasov - "The Living Corpse" Leo Tolstoy). Barringer Crater, the same as the Meteor Crater. BARRIOS (Barrios) Justo Rufino (1835-85), President of Guatemala from 1873; 1871-1873 in chief of the army. Established a dictatorial regime, however, contributed to the economic development of the country, made the weakening influence of the church. In an effort to unite the Central American countries in the confederation, Barrios began the war with El Salvador, where he was killed. Inns (Eng. Barrister, from the bar - a barrier in the courtroom, behind which are the judges), a lawyer, a representative of the legal profession in the UK. Unlike the solicitor is entitled to act in all legal proceedings, provide opinions on the most complex legal issues, and so on. N. Barry (Barrault) Jean-Louis (1910-94), French actor and director. In the theater since 1931. In 1940-46 in the "Comedie Francaise" (Paris), 1946 headed by M. Renaud (with a break) own company. Starred in the films "Children of Paradise" and others. Barry (Barrot) Odilon (1791-1873), French Prime Minister from December 1848 to October 1849. On the eve of the February Revolution of 1848 led by the liberal-monarchist opposition. In the 1872-73 chairman of the State Council. BARROW (Barrow), the Cape, the northernmost tip of Alaska, 71 ° 23 's. w. and 156 ° 12 's. d. BARS, the same as the leopard. "BARS", the first diesel submarine (PL) of the Russian Navy. Built in Petrograd in 1915 to draft IG Bubnov. According to the "Barca built a series of submarines that on a number of performance characteristics superior to foreign submarines that time. Barsac (Barsacq) Andre (1909-73), a French film director, stage designer. In the theater since 1928. Since 1940, the theater was headed" studio. "As modern progressive French and Russian classical pieces. Barsa-Kelmes Nature Reserve, Kazakhstan, Kyzyl-Orda region., on about. Barsakelmes Aral m. was founded in 1939. The area of approx. 20 thousand. ha. The saiga, gazelle, wild ass. desert vegetation. BARCELONA, (Barcelona), the city and port in the north of Venezuela, the administrative center of the piece. Anzoategui. 247 thousand. residents (1990, with suburbs). Textile, leather and food industry. Founded in 1637. BARCELONA, a city in the north east of Spain, the administrative center of the authors. region. Catalonia and the province. Barcelona. 1.7 million. inhabitants (1991). Port (turnover of approx. 20 million. tons per year). International Airport. An important economic and cultural center of the country. Machinery, textile, chemical, pulp and paper, printing and food industry. Metropolitan. 3 University. Venue for international trade fairs. World's Fair in 1888 and 1929. Games XXV Olympiad (1992). Museums: historical, archaeological, marine, Fine Arts, etc.. Opera and Ballet Theatre. Founded in the 3rd century. BC. e. Church of San Pablo del Campo (10-13 cc.), The Gothic cathedral (13-15 c.), The church of Nuestra Señora de Belén (Baroque, 17-18 cc.), Built by architect A. Gaudi (con. 19 in. ). Bar Confederation in 1768-72 armed Union of Polish gentry against King Stanislaw Poniatowski and Russia. Formed in Bar (skirts). The suppression of the royal troops of Bar Conference paves the way for the 1st section (1772) of the Commonwealth. Barca Alex K. (1673-1736), spravschik Synodal Press in Moscow, the student brothers Lihudov. Barca Anton A. (1730-91), a Russian linguist, a member of the Russian Academy (1783), professor at Moscow University (since 1755). Author of grammar, syntax, researcher of the Russian language. Barca Elpidifor Vasilyevich (1836-1917), a Russian folklorist, researcher of ancient Russian literature. Proceedings: "Lamentations of the Northern Territory" (ch. 1-3, 1872-86), "Lay as an artistic monument of Kievan Rus' retinue" (vols. 1-3, 1887-89, not finished). Gathered an extensive collection of ancient manuscripts. Barca Nikolai Ivanovich (1839-1903), Russian spiritual writer, professor of homiletics Petersburg Theological Academy (1869-89). Author of numerous works on homiletics, pastoral theology, church history. Barca Nikolai Pavlovich (1839-89), the Russian historian, Professor of the University of Warsaw (1888). Works on the historical geography of Russia, the history of the Slavs. Barsovo (pres. Fam. Vladimirov) Valery V. (1892-1967), Russian singer (soprano), People's Artist of the USSR (1937). In 1920-48 at the Bolshoi Theatre. Large representative national vocal school. Professor of the Moscow Conservatory (since 1952). USSR State Prize (1941). Buster (from the English. Burst - flash, burst, explode), cosmic X-ray sources with a duration of 10 outbreaks with a characteristic time and repetition from several minutes to several hours. Barstow (Barstow) Stanley (b. 1928), English writer. Realistic trilogy "Love ... Love? (1960)," The observers on the shore "(1966)," Verily the correct end "(1976), the novel" The case of the brother "(1980), the story of the life of democratic layers. The main themes - adverse effects on the human social environment, conflict with a strong sense of moral norms. badger, mammal weasel family. The body length of up to 90 cm, tail up to 24 cm. It lives mainly in the forests of Eurasia. commercial value is small. badger large and small, sandy deserts to the north of the Aral m., in Kazakhstan. B. Badgers approx. 200 km, M. Badgers - approx. 100 km. BARSUKOV Valery Leonidovich (1928-92), the Russian geochemist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; Academy of Sciences of the USSR from 1987) . Proceedings of the geochemical processes of mineralization, magmatic rocks and lunar soil. Barsukov, Russian historians, brothers: 1) Alexander Rakhmanov (1844-1914). Works for genealogy and history of the Russian nobility ... 2) Ivan Rakhmanov (1841-1906) archaeographer. Works on the history of the Russian Church ... 3) Nikolay Rakhmanov (1838-1906). Proceedings Bibliography, Archeology and historiography of ancient Russian literature. The main work - "Life and works of MP Pogodin" (Vol. 1-22). BART (Barth), Henry (1821-65), German historian, linguist, geographer and traveler. In 1850-55 expedition member George. Richardson to Africa; double-crossed the Sahara. In 1858-64 studied the Balkan Peninsula and M. Asia. Works on the history of the peoples of North. and the Centre. Africa. BART (Barth) John Simmons (b. 1930), American writer. Adventure-parodic novel "Kozloyunosha Giles" (1966), a grotesque epic "Chimera" (1972), the novel "Letters" (1979) - prose "black humor"; convey the attitude of the absurd and social nihilism. The novel "day of rest" (1982). BART (Barth), Karl (1886-1968), a Swiss Protestant theologian, one of the founders of dialectical theology. Supporter of Christian socialism, the mastermind of the Christian resistance to Hitler's regime. BART (Barthes) Roland (1915-80), French cultural studies semiotic direction (see. Semiotics, structuralism). Researcher language literature, fashion, advertising, photography, author of "Mythology" (1957), "Fashion System" (1967), "C / W" (1970), "Fragments of a love discourse" (1977), "Camera lutsida" (1980). BART (Barth) Thomas Fredrik Veybey (1899-1971), Norwegian petrography and geochemist. Proceedings of the genesis of rocks, volcanology, geochemistry cycles. Bartang (in the middle reaches of the Murghab, in the upper - Oxus) River in the Pamirs in Tajikistan (upper in Afghanistan), right tributary of the Panj. 528 km, the basin area of 24.7 thousand. Km2. The average water flow of 128 m3 / s. On Bartang - Shudzhanskaya HPP. BARTANGTSY, one of the Pamir peoples. Barthelemy (Barthelemy) Auguste (1796-1867), French poet and satirist. In Mock-heroic "Jesuits" (1826), "Rome in Paris" (1827) ridiculed the royal court and the church. Bartels Johann Christian Martin (Martin F.) (1769-1836), Russian mathematician, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1826). German by birth. In 1808-20 Professor of Kazan, 1820 - University of Dorpat. Works on the theory of functions and analytic geometry. Bartenyev Viktor Ivanovich (1838-1918), a Russian revolutionary, in 1870 a founding member and secretary of the Russian section of the 1st International. In 1872 he returned to Russia, since 1874 he served on the railways. Bartenev Pyotr Ivanovich (1829-1912), Russian historian, archaeographer. Founder and editor of "Russian Archive". Publication of documents on the socio-political, cultural and military history of Russia 18-19 centuries. Barteneva (Bronevsky) Catherine G. (1843-1914), a Russian revolutionary, publicist. Wife VI Barteneva. Founding member of the Russian section of the 1st International, in 1871 member of the Paris Commune. In 1889, one of the secretaries of the 1st Congress of the 2nd International. Articles on the labor question. Barter transactions (from the English. Barter - barter), the contract exchange a certain amount of goods (goods) to the equivalent cost of other goods, t. E., Without the use of funds (national or foreign exchange). Bartin Robert L. (1897-1974), the aircraft. Born in Italy, in the Soviet Union since 1923. Designed and created St. 10 pilot and experimental aircraft. Proceedings of aerodynamics, theoretical physics. Bartlett (Bartlett) Nil (b. 1932), American inorganic chemist. Major works on the chemistry of compounds with atoms in unusual oxidation states. First synthesized (1962), a true chemical compound noble gas - XePtF6. BARTO Agnes L. (1906-81), Russian writer. Collections "Poems for Children" (1949), "For flowers in winter forest" (1970). Prose book "Find A Person" (1968) about the search for the families of children who lost during the Great Patriotic War. The book "Notes of children's poet" (1976). Lenin Prize (1972), the USSR State Prize (1950). BARTOK (Bartok) Bela (1881-1945), a Hungarian composer, pianist, musical folklore. In the works of Bartok combines elements of folk melodies with modern techniques of writing. Opera "Bluebeard's Castle" (1918), the ballet "The Wooden Prince" (1917), "The Miraculous Mandarin" (1926; all - the date of production), instrumental concerts, children's pedagogical repertoire. Proceedings by the method of musical education. Bartolini, an inflammation of the large (bartolinievyh) glands vestibule. Bartolo da Sassoferrato (Bartolus) (Bartolo da Sassoferrato, Bartolus) (1314-57), an Italian lawyer, head of the school postglossators. Written comments to the Codification of Justinian. Bartholomew Adolf A. (b. 1934), the Russian scientist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991). Works on the theory of elasticity, plasticity and creep. Investigation of the interaction of pile foundations with the surrounding soil. Bartolommeo (Bartolommeo) Fra (pres. The name of Bartolommeo della Porta, della Porta) (1472-1517), Italian painter. The representative of the High Renaissance in Florence. Majestic altarpieces ("Lamentation" 1515-17). Vasily Vladimirovich Bartold (1869-1930), Russian orientalist, academician of the USSR (1925; academician of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences since 1913, Academician since 1917). Works on the history Avg. Asia, Iran, the Arab Caliphate, Islam and the history of Oriental Studies. BARTON (Barton) Derek Harold Richard (b. 1918), English organic chemist. Proceedings on the conformational analysis, photochemical reactions and synthesis of physiologically active compounds. Nobel Prize (1969, together with A. Hassell). Bart (Barthou), Louis (1862-1934), French Prime Minister in 1913, since 1894 repeatedly Minister, in 1934 the Minister of Foreign Affairs. A supporter of the Franco-Soviet cooperation. Assassinated in Marseilles (together with Alexander I of Yugoslavia) Ustashe. BART-CHISHINSKY (Bart-Cisinski) Jakub (1856-1909), poet Sorbian. One of the founders of realistic literature Sorbs. Poem "Bride" (1876, published 1926), the tragedy of "The castle" (1880), sonnets, ballads, lyrical poetry. Baruzdin Sergey (1926-91), the Russian writer. Poems, short stories and novels for children and youth. Lyrical works about the lives of ordinary people, "Story of Women" (1967), "I love our street" (1969), "What happened yesterday" (1975), "Time Falling Leaves" (1982). The collection "Poems of the past years" (1983). Book literary notes "People and books" (1978). Chief editor of "Friendship of Peoples" (1965). Barun-Torey, brackish water lake in the south of Transbaikalia. 580 km2. Fall river Uldz gol and Imalka; protowhich connects to the lake. Zun-Torey. Level and area of variability; sometimes dry. Barkhans (Turk.) 1) Common name of bare desert sand; .. 2) sickle in terms of accumulations of sand (height up to 150 m), inspired by the prevailing winds, windward (convex) gentle slope (5-14 °) and long, Lee (concave) - steep (up to 30 °) and short passing in pointed "horns." Moved at a speed of up to hundreds of meters per year. VELVET (velvet tree), a genus of trees of the family Rutaceae. Ok. 10 species in the eastern. Asia. Used for industrial purposes cork Amur velvet, or Amur cork tree. Wood durable, goes to crafts, furniture and other. Velvet, silk or cotton fabric with a soft thick pile vertical (1.5-2 mm) on the front side. Used for dressmaking, decoration, decorative purposes. Velvet Book, genealogical book of noble Russian boyars and noble families. Compiled in 1687. Includes "Gosudarev Rodoslovets" 1555-56, pedigrees materials 2nd floor. 16-17 centuries. Marigolds (tagetes), a genus of herbs of the family Asteraceae. Ok. 35 species in the South. and North. America; Numerous varieties of species rejected marigolds (originally from Mexico) are grown as ornamental; bloom profusely until late autumn. Barkhin Gregory B. (1880-1969), Russian an architect. House of the newspaper "Izvestia" in Moscow (1925-27), a sanatorium in Saki in the Crimea (1929) - in the forms of constructivism. Barkhudarov Stepan (1894-1983), a Russian linguist, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1946). Investigated the Russian language (Old Russian language, lexicology, lexicography, spelling). Lenin Prize (1970). Barkhudaryan Sergey Vasilyevich (1887-1973), Georgian and Armenian composer, Honored Artist of Georgia (1936), People's Artist of Armenia (1960). Piano pieces and others. Professor Tbilisi Conservatory (1941-54). Rudolf Barshai B. (b. 1924), the Russian violist, conductor. In 1956-77 he established the head of the Moscow Chamber Orchestra. Since 1977 abroad, acts as a symphony conductor. Corvee form of rent, gratuitous forced labor dependent peasant, has its own inventory in the economy of the feudal lord. In the Zap. Europe corvee spread with 8-9 cc., With 12-13 cc. began to displace dues to 14-15 centuries. came to naught. In the East boon not widespread. In Russia there was in the days of the Kievan state. Widely spread in European Russia in the 2nd floor. 16 - 1st floor. 19th centuries. After the abolition of serfdom in 1861 remained for the temporarily peasants as sharecropping. Abolished in 1882. Barykova Anna Pavlovna (1839-93), Russian poet. Daughter MF Kamensky. Satirical and socio-incriminating verses in line with Nekrasov tradition. The poem "The Tale of How Czar Ahreyan went to complain to God" (1883). Grist, a town (since 1954) in the Russian Federation, Ulyanovsk region., At p. Grist. Railway station. 21 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Gear factory, a cloth factory and others. Mikhail Baryshnikov (b. 1948), American and Russian ballet dancer and choreographer. In 1967-74 in the Leningrad Theater of Opera and Ballet. Kirov. Since 1974 in the United States. In 1974-78 in the company of "American Ballet Theatre" in 1978-79 soloist of "the New York City Ballet"; dance troupes in the British Royal Ballet, the Marseille Ballet, "Ballet of the XX Century" and others. In 1980-89 director, choreographer and soloist "American Ballet Theatre." Since 1990 in the American troupe under the direction of M. Morris, 1992 headed the troupe "Dance project" White Oak "(Florida). Filmed in the movies (" Two lives, one turn ", Hollywood), appeared on television, participated in drama productions on Broadway. barrier reefs, coral ridge extends along the coast of the mainland or an island in the distance from a few to many hundreds of kilometers (Great Barrier Reef, 2300 km). Normal for the warm waters of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic ok. Baryatinsky Alexander (1815-79) Prince, a Russian Field Marshal (1859). in 1856-62 Chief of the army and governor of the Caucasus in the last stage of the Caucasian War, captured Shamil (1859). He played against the progressive military reforms 60-70-ies. 19 in. Baryatinsky Aleksandr Petrovich (1799-1844), Prince, the Decembrists and the staff captain. a member of the Southern Society. He was sentenced to penal servitude for life. from 1827 to Nerchinsk mines, 1839 in exile in the West. Siberia. Baryatinsky Daniel Afanasievich (? - after 1694) prince, lord, governor. Member of the uprising led by ST Razin. Member of Russian-Polish War of 1654-67. Baryatinsky Yuri Nikitich (? - 1682 after), prince, lord, governor. Member of the uprising led by ST Razin. Commander in the Russian-Polish War 1654-67. ALS (from Italian. Basso, letters. - Low), 1) the lowest male voice ... 2) Musical Instruments low register: tuba bass, double bass, cello and folk - Basholi (Ukr.) Basetlya (Belarusian. ) ... 3) Lower the sound of the chord. Basanavičius (Basanavicius) Jonas (1851-1927), the Lithuanian social activist and scholar. Writings on ancient and medieval history of Lithuania. Collected and published nine volumes of folk tales and songs. The organizer of the Lithuanian Scientific Society (1907). Basangov Baatr (pseudonym. Gashuta Baatr) (1911-44), Kalmyk writer. Story "The truth of the past years" (1931), "Bulgun" - about the life of the Kalmyks before the October Revolution; play. Basarab dynasty rulers in the principality of Wallachia in the 14-17 centuries. (with breaks). The largest representatives: Basarab I (d. 1352) - the founder (c. 1324) dynasty, Nicholas Alexander (d. 1364), Nyagoe (d. 1521), Matej (d. 1654). Basargina Nikolai Vasilyevich (1799-1861), Decembrist, Lieutenant. A member of the Southern Society. Sentenced to 20 years hard labor. From 1827 to Nerchinsk mines in 1835-56 in exile in the West. Siberia. The author of "Notes". Bass, see. Matsuo Basho. Basilan (Basilan), city and port in the southern Philippines, on the island. Basilan, adm. c. prov. Basilan. 200 thousand. Inhabitants (1980). Production of copra. Basilashvili Oleg Valerianovich (b. 1934), Russian actor, People's Artist of the USSR (1984). On the scene since 1956. Since 1959 in Leningrad (1992 St. Petersburg), the Bolshoi Drama Theater. Acting manner Basilashvili note restraint, softness, subtle psychology, charm. Roles: Prozorov ("Three Sisters", 1965) and Wynn ("Uncle Vanya", 1982) by Anton Chekhov, Serpukhov ("Story of a Horse" by Leo Tolstoy, 1975) and others. Filmed in the movies: "Autumn Marathon "," Railway Station for Two "and others. Basilio (basil) (Gr. basileus), in Dr. Greek ruler of a small settlement, the leader of the tribe. In Sparta, and then in the Hellenistic states - the king. In Byzantium - the title of emperor. Basileus (Gr. Queen), Aristophanes goddess of royal power, the daughter of Zeus, the keeper of his lightning. Basinskii Paul V. (b. 1956), the Russian critic. In the spotlight - modern literary process, creativity Gorky. Articles and reviews in the "Literary Gazette," the magazine "New World" and others. Publications. Collection of articles "Plots and face" (1991). Bassist Anatoly G. (b. 1920), the Russian scientist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1984), Hero of Socialist Labour (1968). Proceedings on the synthesis of complex signal structures of information systems. Basque (French. Basque), wide frill, sew on the belt line to the bodice of the dress or jacket. Baska has spread to Russia in the beginning. 18 in. as decoration women fashion European model.
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