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BALEVSKY Angel (b. 1910), a Bulgarian scientist, academician (1967), president (1968-88), Honorary President (since 1988) of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; Foreign Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences from 1971). Proceedings on metallurgy, metal technology, methods of obtaining new metallic materials. Created casting method backpressure. Gold Medal. Lomonosov USSR Academy of Sciences (1975). Baley, the city (until 1938 with. Novotroitsky fishery) in the Russian Federation, Chita Region., At p. Unda, 55 km from the railway Art. Priiskovaya. 23.7 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Gold mining. BALLERINA (ital. Ballerina, from pozdnelat. Ballo - dance), a dancer in the ballet troupe. The term appeared in the 2nd floor. 19 in. BALLET (fr. Ballet, from Italian. Balletto), kind of performing arts, the content of which is revealed in the dance and musical images. Ballet began to emerge in Europe in the 16th century. Flourished associated with Romanticism, nominated since the second third of the 19th century., Outstanding choreographers Filippo Taglioni (tied ballets for her daughter M. Taglioni), Jules Perrot (works with Elssler F. and K. Grisi), A. Bournonville , A. Saint-Léon. In Russia, 19 in. the highest achievements of ballet choreographers associated with Sh Didelot, MI Petipa and L. Ivanov. The most famous Russian artists of the 1st floor. 19 in .: AI Istomin, EI Andreyanova, EA Sankovski, con. 19 in. - MF Kshessinsky, OO Transfiguration and others. Early. 20 in. marked by the reform efforts choreographers Fokine, A. Gorsky. A huge impact on the world ballet was "Russian Seasons" abroad, organized by SP Diaghilev. In France, among the most famous choreographers - Serge Lifar, M. Bejart, ballerina I. Chauviré. In the UK National Ballet originated through the efforts of N. de Valois, M. Rambert, Frederick Ashton, ballerina M. Fontaine. In the United States, where they worked J.. Balanchine, George. Robbins ballet was influenced by American dance "modern" (M. Graham et al.). In Germany, ballet developed after the 2nd World War (J. choreographers. Cranko, George. Neumeier). Among the most famous Russian artists: choreographers KY Goleyzovsky, Lopukhov, RV Zakharov, VI Winona L. M.Lavrovsky, YN Grigorovich; Artists GS Ulanova, M. Plisetskaya, MT Semenova, OV Lepeshinskii, VM Chabukiani, AM Messerer, KM Sergeyev, NM Dudinskaya, In . Vasiliev, ES Maximova, NI Bessmertnova, M.-R. E. Liepa, RH Nureyev, Baryshnikov MN et al., "Ballet on Ice" St. Petersburg, founded in 1967. The founder and chief choreographer KF Boyarsky (in 1967-74), KA . Rassadin (1979). Choreographer (Ger. Ballettmeister), author and director of ballet, choreographic miniatures, dances. Balletomane (from ballet and ... Mans), a lover of ballet and its constant visitor. Bali (Bali), an island in Indonesia, as part of M. Sunda Islands. 5.6 thousand. Km2, height up to 3142 m (Mount Agung). Tropical forests. Production of rice, coffee, cocoa. The main town - Denpasar. Center of Indonesian culture ("island of a thousand temples", an architectural monument "royal tombs", 11 in., "Elephant Cave", approx. 13 in., With a statue of Ganesh et al.) And folk art (dance, sculpture, painting, splint, fabrics, masks, wood carvings, bone). Bali Hindu lord of the underworld king daityas. Vishnu in the guise of a dwarf recaptured his heavenly and earthly world. Balieva Nikita Fedorovich (Mkrtich Balian) (1876-1936), the Russian theatrical figure, actor and director. An active participant of "skills" of the Moscow Art Theatre. Since 1908 artistic director of the theater-cabaret "Die Fledermaus". Since 1920 in exile. Balinese people in Indonesia on the island. Bali and in the west of. Lombok. 3.65 million. People (1992). Language Indonesian branch. Believers - Hindus. Balikpapan (Balikpapan), city and port in Indonesia, on the island. Kalimantan. Ok. 300 thousand. Inhabitants (1989). Center oilfields. Woodworking. Balinskii Ivan Mikhailovich (1827-1902), founder of the St. Petersburg school of psychiatrists, one of the founders of psychiatry in Russia. Balin (Balino) Carlos (1848-1926), the Cuban revolutionary. Member 1868-78 war against the Spanish colonizers. Together with H. Marti founded the Cuban Revolutionary Party (1892), with JA Meley - People's Socialist Party of Cuba (1925). BEAM in the construction and mechanical engineering - structural element is usually in the form of a bar (reinforced concrete, steel or wood), working mainly on the bend. BEAM, dry or ephemeral streams valley with a flat bottom; the final stage of development of gullies. Balkan, the collection of scientific disciplines that study the languages, history and culture of the peoples of the Balkan Peninsula. Balkans-Caucasian race, part of the big European race. Characterized by dark hair and eyes, abundant hair on the face and body, tall, brahikefaliya, broad face. Distributed in the Center. and South. Europe (in the South. Austria, northern Italy and Greece, Yugoslavia), the Caucasus (the majority of the indigenous population), in Asia (Lurs, Bakhtiaris other peoples Zap. Iran). Balkan Entente, see. The Balkan Entente. Balkan campaign 6-29 .4.1941, aggression of Nazi Germany, Italy and Hungary against Yugoslavia and Greece during the 2nd World War. After the defeat of Italian troops in the war against Greece in 1940-41 on the eve of the Nazi leadership to attack the USSR held the Balkan campaign, during which capitulated Yugoslavia (April 17) and Greece (April 23). Balkan region, in Turkmenistan. 138.5 thousand. Km2. The population of 925 thousand. People (1991). Adm. c. - Nebit Doug. The Balkan wars of 1912-13. 1st Balkan War (9.10.1912-30.5.1913) - between the Balkan Union (Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, Montenegro) and Turkey. By Treaty of London in 1913 defeated Turkey lost all its European possessions, except for a small part of Istanbul and the eastern. Thrace. 2nd Balkan War (29.6-10.8.1913) - Bulgaria war against Greece, Serbia and Montenegro, joined by Romania and Turkey. Ended with the defeat of Bulgaria, which in Bucharest Peace Treaty of 1913 ceded Romania South. Dobrogea, Greece - South. Macedonia and part of the West. Thrace, Serbia - almost the entire North. Macedonia. The Balkan wars led to the aggravation of international conflicts, to speed up the 1st World War. Balkan Mountains, the same as the Stara Planina. BALKAN Nenko (1907-77), the Bulgarian painter. True, expressive compositions for paintings on the theme of living of workers and portraits. Balkan Peninsula, in the south of Europe. 505 thousand. Km2. Juts out into the sea at 950 km. Bordering the Mediterranean, the Adriatic, Ionian, Marmara, Aegean and Black Seas. The northern boundary runs from Trieste hall. to p. Sava and Danube further to the mouth. Shore strongly dissected. The terrain is dominated by mountains - Stara Planina, Rila (up to 2925m), the Rhodopes, Dinaric Alps, Pindus; Lowland small (Thracian, Thessalian) into the territory of the Balkan Peninsula come Pannonian and southern parts of Lower Danube plain. The climate in the north temperate continental, south and west is subtropical. Mediterranean shrubs, deciduous and coniferous forests. On the Balkan Peninsula are located (fully or partially) Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Macedonia, Romania, Slovenia, Turkey, Croatia, Yugoslavia. Balkan Alliance in 1912, the military-political alliance of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro against Turkey, and in fact against the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Formed with the support of Russia. Collapsed in 1913. See. The Balkan wars of 1912-1913. Balkars (self - taulula), the people in the Russian Federation, in Kabardino-Balkaria (approx. 71 thousand. People). Only Russian Federation 78 thous. People (1992). Language Karachay-Balkar. Believers Balkars - Sunni Muslims. Bulk carriers (from the English. Bulk - pile, pour), a specialized vessel for the carriage of goods in bulk and bulk. Deadweight up to 150 thousand. T. BALCONY (French. Balcon), protruding from the walls and fences (bars, balustrade or parapet) platform on the cantilever beam on the facade or interior of the building; place in the auditorium, an amphitheater located in different tiers (balcony 1st tier, 2nd tier ...). SCORE (from the French. Balle - ball), a common unit for evaluation at a certain intensity scale phenomena (meteorology, eg., Wind speed), achievement and student behavior, the results of competitions in some sports, the quality of farm animals (on the show). Bally (Valla) Giacomo (1871-1958), Italian painter, a master of Futurism. In the mature works of the 1910s. moved from figurative composition to abstractions expressing the "dynamics of net energy" propagating freely in space. BALLAD (fr. Ballade, from pozdnelat. Ballo - dance), in French literature of 14-15 centuries. lyrical genre solid form (F. Villon) .Liroepichesky genre of English folk poetry and similar genre of romantic poetry (R. Burns, G. Burger, JW Goethe, VA Zhukovsky). Romantic ballads - the plot poem, built on fantasy, folklore, legendary and historical, everyday material, with a dark, mysterious flavor. In the 20th century. ballad genre loses rigor (some poems by Brecht, NS Tikhonov). Ballads translated into music as a solo vocal works with piano (F. Schubert, Schumann, Liszt, H. Wolf); created and instrumental ballads (mostly piano: Chopin, Liszt, E. Grieg) ... 3) The music - occurs in many peoples song genre, leading descended from ancient round dance songs, dances. Typical features ballads - a combination of epic narrative and lyrical, slow to moderate pace. In the folk music of the American Negro has developed a distinctive style ballad that has some commonality with the blues and keep in touch with African traditions. In jazz, lyrical ballad became popular style of instrumental playing and singing. Ballad opera (Eng. Ballad opera), an English variety of comic opera; in the 18th century. became widespread in Italy, France, Germany and Spain. In the ballad opera songs and dances alternated with spoken scenes, used folk ballads (hence the name). "The Beggar's Opera" (text by J.. Gaia, J. music. Pepusch, staged in 1728) resulted in numerous follow. BALLANSH (Ballanche) Pierre Simon (1776-1847), a French writer, philosopher, art theorist of the early romanticism. Novels "Antigone" (1814), "Orpheus" (1829), literary-critical treatise "On the sense in its relation to literature and the fine arts" (1801) and others. Ballarat (Ballarat), a city in southern Australia. 61 thousand. Inhabitants (1983). The district center of gold mining. Machinery, textiles, food processing. Ballaro (Bellary), a city in India, p. Hagar, NY. Karnataka. 245 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Center for cotton growing areas. Textile, sugar, metal-working industry. Ballas, a kind of diamond, small rounded fibrous aggregates. Ballast (niderl. Ballast), .. 1) weight (water, sand, and so on. D.), Placed on the vessel to improve its seaworthiness ... 2) The cargo lift capacity to regulate balloon device (eg., A balloon). ..3) layer in the form of a narrow cushion of bulk materials (gravel, etc.), laid on the roadbed of railway track. Balleny Islands (Balleny), volcanic islands in the South Pacific ok., Near Antarctica. Height up to 1524 m. Are covered with glaciers. BALLY (Bahia) (Bally), Charles (1865-1947), a French linguist, a follower of Ferdinand de Saussure. Work in general and the French lexicology and stylistics, the general theory of language. Ballina Nikolai Petrovich (1829-1904), the Russian public figure. Follower of Chernyshevsky. Close to Petrashevists and "land and freedom" 60s. In 1857, the organizer of the society "Pickwick" in Yekaterynoslav with Ser. 60s. one of the pioneers of Russian consumer cooperatives (Kharkiv). Ballista (from Lat. Ballista), catapult in ancient times (until the end. 5 in.); consisted of a horizontal frame and a chute with a vertical frame bowstring of twisted fibers (tendons et al.), by means of which the projectile (stone, timber, and arrow al.) issued to the target. Throwing range of 400-800 m, arrows light up to 1000 m. Ballistics (Ger. Ballistik, from the Greek. Ballo - throw), the science of the motion of artillery shells, rockets, mines, bombs, bullets when fired (start-up). Internal ballistics study the motion of the projectile in the barrel (or other limiting conditions of movement) under the action of powder gases outside - after his departure from the bore. JUDICIAL ballistics, forensics section, examines the methodology of investigation of crimes involving the use of firearms and ammunition. Ballistite (ballistite gunpowder), nitroglycerin smokeless gunpowder. Ballistic missiles, after switching off the engine is flying along a ballistic trajectory. Ballistic trajectory, the trajectory of a thrown free of the body under the influence of gravity alone. Trajectory of the body in the atmosphere at or near zero with regard to the aerodynamic lift resistance is also called a ballistic trajectory. Ballistic galvanometer, has a relatively high moment of inertia of the moving parts; used to measure small amounts of electricity during short current pulses. The result is ticking on t. N. ballistic kick - the largest deviation pointer. Ballistocardiography (from the Greek. Ballo - throw, kardia - heart and ... graphy), one of the methods of research activity of the heart. Registration is mechanical movements of the human body caused by heart rate and movement of blood through the large vessels. Ballod Peter Davidovich (1837-1918), the Russian revolutionary. In 1861 the party of student unrest in St. Petersburg. In 1862 the owner of "pocket printing", published a series of revolutionary proclamations. Sentenced to hard labor and life exile in Siberia. In the beginning. 20 in. close to the Social Democrats. BALLOON (fr. Ballon, from Italian. Pallone - ball), gas-tight casing is manufactured according to the purpose of metals, polymers, textiles, glass, etc., Eg., The balloon car (t. N. Camera), cylinder vacuum devices , container (vessel) for storing and transporting gas. Balloon astronomy, astronomical research with balloons raised to a height of 20 to 40 km, where the influence of the atmosphere on observations slightly. Balloting (from Italian. Ballotare - elect balls), a kind of voting. In the 18-19 centuries. carried out by suspension in a special box of black and white balls (points). Stand - stand for election. Balmashev Stepan Valerianovich (1881-1902), SR student. 04/02/1902 shot Russian Interior Minister DS Sipyagina. Hanged. Saker Tihonovich Benjamin (b. 1930), the Russian scientist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1994). Proceedings of the Geothermal permafrost zone of the lithosphere of the Earth. Saker falcon bird of prey family. Length up to 60 cm. In the steppes, forest-steppes and mountains of Eurasia. Appreciated, especially in the Middle East, as birds of prey; guarded. Balodis (Balodis) Andrejs (1908-87), Latvian poet. Member of the underground revolutionary movement in Latvia. Collection of poems "In light of struggles and victories" (1945), "Birds of years" (1958), "The River of Time" (1968), "Ocean Wind" (1971). Balor, in Celtic mythology, one of the leaders formorov who could slay an army deadly gaze of his single eye. Balta city (since 1797) in Ukraine, Odessa region., Near the railroad Art. Balta. 23.6 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Milk and furniture factories, light industry and others. BALTAKIS (Baltakis) Algimantas (b. 1930), the Lithuanian poet, the national poet of Lithuania (1986). Collections of "Devil's Bridge" (1957), "Underground River" (1965), "A wandering Mountain" (1967), "Rivers and Bridges" (1976), "Marathon" (1982); collection of poetry translation "Hour of brotherhood" (1986). Balter Boris Isaakovich (1919-74), the Russian writer. Lyrical novel "Goodbye, boys" (1962) about the pre-war generation of young people. Autobiographical novel "Samarkand" (unfinished, published in 1989). BALTIYSK (until 1946 Pillai), a city in Russia, Kaliningrad region., On the Vistula Spit, Kaliningrad outport (connected with him a maritime canal). Railway station. 27.9 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Museum of the Baltic Fleet. Founded in 1686. Baltic Ridge, hatched bar moraine ridges along the southern and south-eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. Length approx. 1500 km, the height of 200-300 m. Coniferous and mixed forests, lakes. Baltic system adopted in the Russian Federation system altitudes, dating to zero tide gauge at Kronstadt. Baltic straits, see. Danish straits. Baltic languages, a group of related languages belonging to the Indo-European family of languages. West Baltic: Prussian, yatvyazhsky (extinct in 17-18 centuries). Eastern Baltic, Lithuanian, Latvian, extinct Curonian, Selonian and some others. Baltic ports, the official name of Paldiski in Estonia in 1783-1917. Baltic fleet goes back to the Russian Navy, created under Peter I in the beginning. 18 in., Which was active during the Great Northern War of 1700-21 (winning Gangut, Grengam et al.). During the Great Patriotic War defended Moonzund Islands, Tallinn and Hanko Peninsula, participated in the defense of Leningrad (1941-44), supported the offensive ground forces in the Baltic States, Eastern. Prussia and east. Pomerania (1944-45). Baltic Shield, the projection of the Precambrian basement in the north-western part of the East European Platform. Composed of rocks of the Archean and Proterozoic (gneisses, schists, and others.). Starting from the Paleozoic, periodically raised and is the area of demolition. Baltic Sea (al., Rus. Varangian) The inland sea of the Atlantic ok., Off the coast of North. and Wed. Europe. Connected to the North m. Danish straits. 419 thousand. Km2. Prevailing depths of 40-100 m, maximum - 470 m. The larger islands: Bornholm, Gotland, Öland, Saaremaa, Hiiumaa, Rügen, Aland. Large gulfs of Bothnia, Finland, Riga. In the Baltic m. Run into the Neva River, Zap. Dvina (Daugava), Neman, Vistula, Oder. The salinity in the western part of 11 ‰, in the central 6-8 ‰. In the north-eastern part of the freeze. Fishing (Baltic cod, herring, sprat). As a result of anthropogenic influences worsened ecological environment of the Baltic Sea. The main ports: St. Petersburg, Tallinn, Riga, Liepaja, Klaipeda, Kaliningrad, Gdansk, Gdynia, Szczecin, Rostock, Kiel, Lübeck, Copenhagen, Malmo, Stockholm, Lulea, Turku, Helsinki . Resorts: Jurmala, Liepaja, Kolobrzeg, Ustka, Heringsdorf and others. BALTIMORE (Baltimore), a city and port in the eastern US, pcs. Maryland. 736 thousand. Residents (1990, with the suburbs of St. 2 million. Inhabitants). A major industrial, commercial and financial, scientific and cultural center. International Airport. Cargo turnover of approx. 40 million. Tons per year. Metallurgy, metalworking, mechanical engineering; chemical and petroleum industries. Metropolitan. Universities. Art gallery, a museum (in Vol. H. House museum Poe). Founded in 1729. BALTIMORE (Baltimore), David (b. 1938), American virologist. Investigated the mechanism of interaction of RNA oncogenic viruses with normal cells. Opened (regardless of H. Temin) enzyme Reverse Transcriptase (RT), which provides the transfer of genetic information from RNA to DNA. Nobel Prize (1975, together with Temin). Baltrušaitis (Baltrusaitis) Jurgis (1873-1944), Russian and Lithuanian poet. Belonged to the Russian symbolism. Collections: in Russian - "Earthly stage" (1911), "Mountain Trail" (1912), "Lily and sickle" (published 1948); Lithuanian - "Crown of Tears" (1942). In 1921-39 Plenipotentiary Representative of Lithuania to the USSR. From 1939 he lived in Paris. BALTUSHIS (Baltusis) Juozas (pres. Name and fam. Albertas Yuozenas, Juozenas) (1909-91), Lithuanian writer, People's Writer of Lithuania (1969). Novels "Sold years" (vols. 1-2, 1957-69), "The Legend of Yuzase" (1979), an autobiographical novel "peck of salt" (v. 1-2, 1973-1975), plays, short stories; book journalism "Statements and Answers" (1985). Many of the works are devoted to the Lithuanian countryside. Baltic States (Baltic tribes) settled in the 1st thousand. N. e. territory from the South-West. Baltic to the top. Dnieper and bass. Oka (see. Galindians). Economy: agriculture and animal husbandry. Eastern Balts 1-2 at the turn of the first millennium. N. e. became part of the ancient Russian nationality. Western Balts (Samogitians, Semigallians, Cours, Latgale) - ancestors of modern Latvians and Lithuanians. Balug'ianskii Mikhail Andreyevich (1769-1847), Russian economist. The first rector of St. Petersburg State University (1819-21). In the peasant question supporter of liberal reforms. Criticized mercantilism. BALHARSKAYA Ceramics, pottery (jugs, cups, bowls, toys), produced in Lak with. Balkhar Akushinsky district of Dagestan. In the 17-18 centuries. - During the heyday of fishing - has developed a characteristic type of unglazed ceramics balharskoy differing orchestration strict silhouette simplicity and brevity ornamental painting carpal daub (predominantly white, wavy lines, shading, sockets). On the basis of the fishery in 1928 organized promkolhoz, manufacturing ceramics, in 1936 - the gang, transformed later into the shop Makhachkala ceramics plant. Balkhash town (since 1937) in Kazakhstan, Dzhezkazgan region., A marina on the north shore of the lake. Balkhash. Railway station. 87.6 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Mining and Metallurgical Combine. Fish, meat industry. Balkhash, closed lake in Kazakhstan, Balkhash-Alakol depression. 17-22 thousand. Km2, depth up to 26 m. In the western part of the fresh water in the eastern - salty. Into the lake of the Ili River, Karatau and others. Shipping. Fishing. The main marina: Buryldaytal, Burlitobe. In Balkhash - Balkhash. Unfavorable ecological conditions. Balkhash-Alakol depression, flat closed basin in Kazakhstan, at an altitude of 342-600 m. Most of the busy Lake. Balkhash. In the east - Lake. Sasykkol and Alakol in the south - sandy deserts Taukum, Muyunkum, Sarah-Ishikotrau et al. Balkhi Abu Shakur (915 -?), Persian and Tajik poet. Along with Rudaki founder of didactic epic literature in Farsi. "The Book of Creation" (945-948) preserved in fragments and quotations. Baltsan Joseph L. (1923-75), the Moldovan poet. Collection of lyrical poems of our time "Guarding Life" (1949), "Through the Years" (1959), "The Face Moments" (1973). Journalism. Balcescu N., See. Bălcescu N. Balikesir (Balikesir), a city in western Turkey, administrative center il Balikesir. 170 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Textile, food, cement and wood industry. Balbi (Balbo) Cesare (1789-1853), one of the leaders of the liberal wing of the Risorgimento. In 1848, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Balboa (Balboa) Vasco Nunez de see. Nunez de Balboa. BALGOS (Balgos) Mariano (1898-1954), one of the founders of the CP of the Philippines (1930). During the Japanese occupation (December 1941-45), one of the leaders Hukbalahap. Since 1950, the commander of the Liberation Army of the compound of the country. Killed in action. Baldo (Baldus, Baldo) (1327-1400), an Italian lawyer, representative of the school postglossators. Baldo (Balden) Theo (b. 1904), a German sculptor. Humanistic works Baldo full of energy, plastic tension ("Ernst Busch", 1962). Balder (al., ISL. Mr.), in Norse mythology one of the gods, the Aesir, the beautiful young god of spring, the son of Odin and Frigg. Coherent prose story of Baldur is contained in the "Prose Edda"; in the Edda poetry dedicated to him the poem "Dreams of Baldur." The myth of Balder's death is related to eschatological concepts of the death of the gods and the world. Baldung (Baldung; nickname Green, Grien) Hans (c. 1484 / 85-1545), a German painter and graphic artist. A representative of the Renaissance. In the works Baldunga rationality contradictory combined with mysticism (altar of the cathedral in Freiburg im Breisgau, 1512-16). BALZAC (Balzac) Honore de (1799-1850), French writer. Epic "The Human Comedy" of 90 novels and short stories linked by a common aim, and many of the characters: the novel "The unknown masterpiece" (1831), "shagreen skin" (1830-31), "Eugenie Grandet" (1833), "Father Goriot" (1834 -35), "Caesar Birotto" (1837), "Lost Illusions" (1837-43), "Cousin Bette" (1846). Epic Balzac - grand breadth realistic picture of French society. Impatiens, the same as touchy. Embalmed cadaver tissue impregnation substances that prevent their degradation. In Dr. Egypt and other countries of the East was used for embalming balms (hence the name). BALM (from the Greek. Balsamon - aromatic resin), natural substances, which include essential oils and resins dissolved in them, aromatic and other compounds. Formed mainly in subtropical and tropical plants. Used in medicine, microscopic techniques, and so on. D. Balsa wood (balsa wood, balsa), belongs to the family bombaksovyh. In the South. and the Centre. America. Wood durable, lightweight (dry - lighter plug). Is used to make rafts, aircraft as sound and heat insulation material. From balsa wood raft was built "Kon-Tiki" T. Heyerdahl. Bailly, in the northern part of the medieval French royal officials, the head of the judicial and administrative district (balyazha). Position bailiff abolished during the French Revolution. Balmaceda (Balmaceda) Jose Manuel (1840-91), president of Chile in 1886-91. Opposed the expansion of foreign capital. Committed suicide due to start against him at the initiative of the conservative-clerical circles military action. Balmer (Balmer) Johann Jacob (1825-98), a Swiss physicist and mathematician. Author of fundamental works on atomic spectroscopy. Set (1885), that the wavelengths of the visible spectrum of the hydrogen atom linked simple dependence (Balmer's formula), allowing to determine the wavelengths of the spectral lines of hydrogen series (Balmer series).
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