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B, the second letter of the Russian alphabet; dates back to the Cyrillic letters ("beech"). BA in Chinese mythology drought spirit that dwelleth in the south; depicted as a woman flying through the air. Bears drought, famine and death. Ba Gua, a flowchart of the universe, developed in ancient Chinese treatise "I Ching". Consists of eight (ba) Three grams (gua); each of them is a combination of three lines and represents part of the world, correlated with various phenomena of nature, animals and so on. d. Ba Jin (pres. Feygan name Lee) (b. 1904), Chinese writer. Trilogy "Prompt for" (1933-40) of the decay of the feudal family, patriotic novel "Fire" (1943), the novel "The House of the N 4" (1945). Baade (Baade) Walter (Walter) (1893-1960), German astronomer. In 1931-58 in the United States. Has established a stellar nature of the nucleus of the Andromeda galaxy and its various bright satellites, the existence of two types of stellar populations in galaxies. Investigated variables and supernovas, asteroids discovered Hidalgo and Icarus. Baader (Baader) Franz Xaver von (1765-1841), German religious philosopher, physician, naturalist, a representative of the philosophical romanticism and unorthodox Catholicism. BAAL (Baloo, Baal), the ancient god of fertility obschesemitskoe, water wars. Worshiped in Phoenicia, Palestine and Syria, and then his cult spread to the West (Egypt, Greece, and others.). The Baal Shem Tov Yisrael Ben Eliezer (abbr. Besht) (c. 1700-60), a Jewish thinker and mystic, founder of the sect of Hasidim and the leading authority of Hasidism. Baalbek is a city in Lebanon, at the foot of Mts. Anti-Lebanon. Ok. 20 thousand. Residents. Ruins of ancient (18 in. BC. E.) Heliopolis, later a Roman colony of Julia Augusta Felix. The remains of temples and public buildings. Baath (Arab., Letters. - Revival), is used in the literature as the Arab Baath Socialist Party. BAB (actually Sayyid Ali Mohammed) (1819-50), founder of the sect Babis. In 1844, proclaimed himself the Bab, t. E. "Gates" through which people will be transmitted, redeemer prophet (Mahdi). In 1847, arrested; during babidskih uprisings in Iran shot. BABA, in the technique - operating shock of the hammer, copra and other machines; wooden blank for hand piling. Baba (Baba), a cape in Turkey, the western extremity of Asia (26 ° 10 '. E., 39 ° 29' with..). Baba (Baba) Corneliu (b. 1906), Romanian painter, honorary member of the USSR Academy of Arts (1958). Psychological portraits, landscapes, scenes of peasant life ("peasants", 1958) differ deep truth of life, expressive restrained gamut and pasty texture. BABA (Bhabha) (Bhabha) Homi Jehangir (1909-66), an Indian physicist and public figure. Founder and first director of the Atomic Center Trombay (1957, now named. Baba). Works on the atomic and nuclear physics, cosmic rays, elementary particle physics. Babadag, the top of the Main, or Watershed hr. B. Caucasus, near the headwaters of. Karachai, Azerbaijan. 3629 m. BABACAN (pres. Fam. Babadjanov) Ramsay Nasyrovich (b. 1921), the Uzbek poet and playwright, the national poet of Uzbekistan (1981). Poetry collections "New Rubaiyat" (1966), "The Sun in the pupils" (1969), "Yes, I - Asian" (1973), "The bow of Love" (1980). Poem "Living Water" (1969, USSR State Prize, 1972), "Yusuf and Zulaikha" (1981). Comedy. Translations. BABAJANYAN Arno H. (1921-83), Russian composer and pianist, People's Artist of the USSR (1971). "Heroic Ballad" for piano and orchestra (1950), Piano Trio (1952), concerts for instruments and orchestra, songs (in Vol. H. "Song of the First Love," "Make a Wish"), and others. USSR State Prize (1951 ). BABAYEV Agajan Geldyevich (b. 1929), the Turkmen geographer, academician (1975) and president (1975-86 in, 1989), Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (19913 Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences from 1976). Proceedings on physical geography, typology and development of deserts. USSR State Prize (1981). BABAYEV Edward G. (b. 1927), the Russian literary critic, Doctor of Philology (1990). The main area of interest - the history of Russian literature and journalism of the 19th century. Books: "Tolstoy about art" (1966), "Leo Tolstoy's novel" Anna Karenina "(1968)," Leo Tolstoy and Russian journalism of his time "(1978)," The art world Herzen "(1981)," from the history of the Russian novel of the XIX century. Pushkin, Herzen, Tolstoy "(1984)," Creativity Pushkin "(1988) and others. BABAYEV Yuri (1928-86), the Russian physicist, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1968), Hero of Socialist Labor (1962 ). Proceedings of nuclear physics. Lenin Prize (1959), the USSR State Prize (1953). BABAYEVA, city (1925) in the Russian Federation, Vologda region., at p. Kolp. Railway station. 14.3 thousand. residents (1992). The enterprises of railway transport, production of construction materials and food industries. Babaevskie bookseller (b. 1909), the Russian writer. In the novel "Dream of a Cossack" (Vol. 1-2, 1947-1948) and "The Light of the earth" (Vol. 1-2, 1949-1950) - Varnishing postwar image of the village. The novels "White Light" (Vol. 1-2, 1967-68), "expanse" (Vol. 1-2, 1978-79). State Prize USSR (1949, 1950, 1951). Babakina Georgy (1914-71), the Russian designer in the field of space technology, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1970), Hero of Socialist Labor (1970). Under the leadership of Babakina created interplanetary spacecraft and "Lunokhod-1 ". Lenin Prize (1966). Babakulov Ahmad (b. 1931), the Tajik singer (dramatic tenor), People's Artist of the USSR (1971). In 1954-56 and since 1966 at the Tajik Opera and Ballet Theatre (in 1956-66 in the Tajik Philharmonic). Babanov Maria Ivanovna (1900-83), the Russian actress, People's Artist of the USSR (1954). Since 1920 in the Theater. Meyerhold, 1927 at the Theatre of the Revolution (from 1954 Moscow theater. Mayakovsky). In art Babanova touching sincerity, lyricism combined with polished, adjusted scenic form. Possessing a rare treble, clear ("Crystal") voice, intonation and finely developed melodic pattern roles: Stella ("The Magnanimous Cuckold" F. Krommelinka, 1922), Goga ("The Man with briefcase" AM Faiko, 1928) Diana ("Dog in the Manger" by Lope de Vega, 1937), Tanya ("Tanya" Arbuzov, 1939), wife ("It's over" by E. Albee, 1980), and others. She worked on the radio. USSR State Prize (1941). Babahanov Babahanovich Abdullah (b. 1910), the Uzbek architect, People's Architect of the USSR (1970). Author architectural pieces complexes Kattakurgan (1940-41) and South Surkhandarya (Project 1964-67) reservoirs, public buildings in Tashkent, Dushanbe and other cities Avg. Asia. Babakhanyan A., See. Leo A. Baba Yaga, the character of Russian folk tales. Usually acts as a force hostile to man, at least - assistant hero. Boris A. Babayan (b. 1933), the Russian scientist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1984). Works on the development of architectural principles of construction of computer systems, computer software. USSR State Prize (1974). Babbitt antifriction based alloys Sn, Pb, designed for filling of bearings. Named after the American inventor A. Babbitt (I. Babbitt; 1799-1862). Babesiosis, parasitic diseases of cattle and sheep caused by protozoa - Babesia, parasites in the blood. Symptoms: fever, jaundice. BABEK (approx. 798 or 800-838), the leader of the anti-Arab popular uprising in Azerbaijan and West. Iran (c. 816-837). The son of a small merchant. After the defeat of the uprising executed. Isaac Babel Emmanuilovich (1894-1940), Russian writer. A dramatic conflict of the Civil War in the colorful language novels collections "Red Cavalry" (1926), "Odessa Stories" (1931); plays: "Sunset" (1928), "Maria" (1935). repressed; posthumously rehabilitated. Babenberg (Babenberger), genus, with 976 margraves Eastern Bavarian brand in 1156-1246 Duke of Austria, and in 1192-1246 - and also Styria. Babenko Konstantin Ivanovich (1919-87), the Russian mathematician and engineer, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1976). Proceedings on aerohydrodynamics, computational mathematics, mathematical physics. USSR State Prize (1967). Babeuf (Babeuf) Gracchus (pres. The name of Francois Noel) (1760-97), the French Communist utopian. When Directories one of the leaders of "In the name of equality"; led insurgency in 1796 Secret directory, ready to revolt. Executed. Babes (Babes), Victor (1854-1926), Romanian microbiologist, pathologist, parasitologist. Following Louis Pasteur studied rabies. Scarlet fever streptococcus allocated. One of the founders of serotherapy and vaccination. Babeshko Vladimir A. (b. 1941), scholar, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1987). Proceedings on continuum mechanics, explored the dynamic mixed problems and their applications in geophysics, acoustics. Babi (Baba), in Egyptian mythology, the demon of darkness and darkness, usually acting as a deity of Duat, hostile dead. BABIDSKIE revolts, national anti-feudal uprising in Iran (in Mazandaran, Zanjan, Nayríz et al.), Led by Babis in 1848-52, also objectively directed against Iran began enslaving foreign capital. Members: farmers, artisans, the lower clergy, merchants. Babism, the Babi religion sect established by the Báb in the 40s. 19 in. in Iran. Babism proclaimed the end of the rule of law based on the Koran and Sharia, replace them with new ones emanating from the principles: equality of all people and the protection of their rights, the establishment of the holy kingdom Babi et al. Babism democratic elements were developed by the followers of Baba during babidskih uprisings. BABIY Boris M. (b. 1914), Ukrainian lawyer, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1972). Works on the history and theory of the Soviet state and law. Babiy Yar, a ravine in the former north-western outskirts of Kiev, the site of mass destruction of civilians, mainly Jews and Soviet prisoners of war by fascist invaders in 1941-43. Total Babi Yar destroyed by the Nazis St. 100 thousand. Soviet citizens. Monument (1976). Babinov ROAD (Verkhotursky path) (from r. Verkhoturye rivers Tour - Tobol), Russian official way to Siberia through Wed. Ural with KOH. 16 to Ser. 18th centuries. Replaced Cherdynsky road. Babinski (Babinski), Joseph (1857-1932), a French neurologist. Pole by birth. Classical Works on pathological reflexes, cerebellar pathology, hysteria, and others. Babirusa, non-ruminant cloven-hoofed animal of pigs. The length of 1 m. Males upper canines are long, curved. Dwells in the rain forests of. Sulawesi and some neighboring islands. Fast runs and swims well. Rare in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Babich Shaikhzada Muhametzakirovich (1895-1919), Bashkir and Tatar poet. One of the pioneers of the Bashkir literature. In verses calling for the struggle for revolutionary ideals, sang the working class. Grandmother, in the technique - part metal or wood working machine. Support for the spindle (headstock) tool (grandmother grinder) or a device that supports the workpiece (tailstock). BABKIN Ulyana Ivanovna (1888-1977), Kargopolskaya mistress, keeper of traditions Kargopol igrushki.Priobschenie to pottery was born in the village Grinevoj Kargopolsky County - ancient pottery center. Since childhood, helps parents in pottery and toy fishing. When fishing faded, she continued to make clay toys - "Bobkov." In the 1950s. Babkin interested in his work a few villagers who took up the forgotten masterstvo.Osobennosti babkinskoy Toys W. Babkin, simple in shape, very expressive and diverse subjects. Painted the mistress of oil paints on white background Cretaceous, using three or four colors. Among her favorite characters indispensable Polkan, bears, deer, human figures. Interesting story scenes: "Young on the couch", "Hunting for a protein", "Poezzhane." Her characters are dressed in city clothes, in peasant dress with traditional Kargopolskaya uzorami.Vozrozhdenie ancient fishing in the 1960s. works W. Babkin interested famous art critics and collectors who have a lot of support in the revival of an ancient craft. Since that time, no major exhibition of folk art was not without work masters. Her toys are in many museum kollektsiyah.K centennial W. Babkin on her grave was a monument by sculptor VM Klykova.Literatura Rogov AP Black Rose. Book of Russian folk art. M., Contemporary, artistic crafts 1978.Osnovy // Ed. VA Baradulin. M., Education, 1979. Durasov GP Kargopol clay toys. L. Painter, 1986.Gunn GP Kargopol and Onega. M., Art, 1989.N. B. GaevskayaA. L. Jordan BABLOEV Suren Isaacovich (1918-79), the Russian choral conductor, People's Artist of the USSR (1978). Since 1941 conductor of military bands and ensembles, in 1963-79 Head and artistic director of Song and Dance Ensemble of the Moscow VO. BUTTERFLIES (Lepidoptera), order of insects. Wings (2 pairs) are covered differently colored scales. In large animals wings span up to 30 cm, from small - approx. 3 mm. Adults (adults) live from several hours to several weeks (wintering - a few months). Ok. 140 thousand. Species are widely distributed. Many butterflies help pollinate plants; of the silkworm and other silkworms produced silk. Many larvae of butterflies (caterpillars) damage agricultural and forest crops, food stocks, Wool and fur. 104 species in the Red Data Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Babochkin Boris A. (1904-75), Russian actor, director, People's Artist of the USSR (1963), Hero of Socialist Labor (1974). On the scene since 1927. In 1948-51 and since 1955 at the Maly Theater, where he staged "Ivanov" by Anton Chekhov (1959, played Ivanov), "Summer Residents" (1964, played Suslov) and others. Working Babochkin inherent refined psychology, a thorough analysis of dramatic material, the absence of external effects, often polemical painting, a new interpretation of the classic works. Since 1927 acted in films: the first well-known role - Chapaev in the film "Chapaev" (1934), starring in the television movies "A Boring Story" (1969) and "Carpentry Stories" (1973) and others. USSR State Prize (1941, 1951 1977, posthumously). Babri (2 in. N. E.), The ancient Greek poet and fabulist. Poetic transcription of Aesop's fables, are exquisitely shaped, almost devoid of moralizing and accusatory motives. Babst Ivan Kondratievich (1823-81), Russian economist and historian. Major works on political economy and statistics. Babuvistov (fr. Babouvistes), followers of G. Babeuf. Baboon, monkey kind of baboons. The body length of approx. 75 cm, tail approx. 60 cm. In the center. and east. Africa. Babur Nama (1483-1530), the founder of the Mughal state, a descendant of Timur. Initially, the ruler of inheritance in Wed. Asia, then in Kabul. In 1526-27 conquered most of the North. India. Babur's borders extended from Kabul to Bengal. In Russian published autobiography "Baburname ... (1958) lyrics -" Lyrics "(1957). BABURIN Mikhail Fedorovich (1907-84), the Russian sculptor, People's Artist of the USSR (1978), member of the USSR Academy of Arts (1973) . a monument to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the accession of Bashkiria to Russia in Ufa (1965), monumental and miniature easel composition. USSR State Prize (1950). BABURIN Sergey (p .1959), Russian statesman, lawyer, expert in the field history of State and Law, Doctor of Law. From 1988 on scientific and pedagogical work in Omsk State University. in 1990-93 member of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation. in 1993-95 deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Since 1995 Deputy Chairman of the State Duma. leader of the People's Union (ROS). Babukhin Alexander (1827 and 1835-91), the Russian histologist and physiologist. Set (1869), the formation of electric organs of fish from embryonic muscle cells; for the first time (1877) showed bilateral conduction of excitation along the nerve. BABUSHKIN, city (1941; formerly the village. Mysovskikh) in the Russian Federation, Buryatia, on the lake. Baikal. Railway station (Mysovaya). 7.3 thousand. Inhabitants (1992) Lespromkhoz. Founded in 1892. It was named after IV Babushkin. BABUSHKIN Ivan Vasilyevich (1873-1906), one of the first Russian workers of the Social Democrats. Bolshevik. Member of the Revolution of 1905-07; Members of the Committee of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party in Irkutsk and Chita, one of the leaders of the armed uprising in Chita. Shot punitive. BABUSHKIN Mark Nikolaevich (b. 1924), the Russian scientist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences from 1976). Proceedings of the optimization and design of control systems (in Vol. H. Ship). BABUSHKIN Mikhail Sergeyevich (1893-1938), a Russian polar pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union (1937). In the 30-ies. participated in a number of polar expeditions, landing the drifting station "North Pole-1". He died in a plane crash. Grandma's, an old Russian winter apple varieties, mainly in the area of Central Black Russian Federation. Fruits are medium-sized, spicy, sweet, with a pleasant acid, aromatic. Productivity of 100-150 kg per tree. "Indian Summer", a period of dry sunny and warm weather in Europe and North. America (which is called "Indian summer") in September and October. Usually associated with a stable anticyclone, lasts 2-3 weeks. Bab-el-Mandeb, between the Arabian n-tion and Africa. Connects the Red m. To the Arabian. The length of 109 km. Smallest width of 26 km, the depth of 31 m (in the channel). BABYUREN (Baburen) Dirk van (c. 1590-1624), Dutch painter, along with Honthorst and Terbryuggenom largest representative of the Utrecht School karavadzhizma. One of the founders Bent in Rome (1623). Bavaria (Bayern), land in Germany. 70.6 thousand. Km2. The population of 11.4 million. People (1991). Adm. c. - Munich. In the Middle Ages the Duchy (founded in the 6th century. Bavaria), from 1623 Electorate, 1806-1918 in the kingdom, and then the earth. In 1180-1918 in the Bavarian House of Wittelsbach ruled. Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, founded in 1759 in Munich. In 1990, approx. 120 members; 35 commissions. Bavarian State Picture Collection, a series of collections of German unification and the art world (mainly in Munich). Include the Old and New Pinakothek, New gallery et al. Department of Bavarian State Picture Collection are in other German cities. Bavarian Succession, War (1778-79) of the Bavarian Succession between Austria, on the one hand, Prussia and Saxony - on the other. By 1779 the world Teschen in Bavaria established the Palatinate line of the Wittelsbach dynasty; Austria has received only a small area of Bavaria (Inn). Bavaria, a Germanic tribe. From Bavaria called Bavaria. Bavenite, mineral berillosilikat subclass island silicates, CA4 [Be2Al2Si9O26] (OH) 2. Bright needle and plate assemblies, spherulites. The hardness of 5.5-6, density approx. 2.7 g / cm3. Hydrothermal in origin. Beryllium ore. BAHAMAS (Bahamas), the Commonwealth of The Bahamas (Commonwealth of the Bahamas), a state in the West Indies, in the Bahamas. 13.9 thousand. Km2. The population of 266 thousand. People (1993), St. 80% - Bahamians. The urban population of 64% (1990). The official language - English. Most believers - Protestants. Capital - Nassau (Nassau). Part of the Commonwealth. Head of State - Queen of Great Britain, represented by Governor General. Legislative - bicameral parliament. The surface is flat. The climate is tropical trade wind. In ancient times, the Indians lived on the islands. In 1492 the island discovered by the Spanish. Since 1783 British colony. In 1964 received the internal self-government. Since July 1973 an independent state. The basis of the economy - foreign tourism (60% of government revenue). Production of electricity 950 million. KWh (1990). Oil refineries, cement, pharmaceutical industry. Logging. Grown pineapples, citrus fruits, tomatoes, sugar cane. Fishing and seafood (lobster, turtle, oysters). Length of roads - 3.4 thousand. Km., The main roads no. Ok. 80% of food is imported. Export: petroleum products, pharmaceuticals, rum. Major trading partners - the US, Britain, Canada. Currency - Bahamian Dollar. Bagatelle (fr. Bagatelle, letters. - Trinket), instrumental piece, mainly for piano, it is easy to perform. Bagan Sergey (b. 1941), the Russian physicist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1994). Proceedings on laser spectroscopy of ultrahigh resolution, quantum frequency standards. Bagaley Dmitri Ivanovich (1857-1932), Ukrainian historian, academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (1919). Professor and Rector (1906-10), the University of Kharkov. Works on the history of Russia, Ukraine 14-18 cc., Lithuania, Belarus. Bacaudae (lat. Bagaudae), participants of the national liberation movement in the anti-Roman Gaul and North. Spain in the 3-5 centuries. (peasants, small artisans, columns, runaway slaves). Bagvalal Language, see. Art. Dagestan languages. BAGHDAD, Iraq capital, the administrative center of the governorate of Baghdad. 3.8 million. Inhabitants (1987). Port on the river. Tiger. International Airport. Oil refining, light, etc. Industry. Universities. It was founded in 762 as the capital of the Abbasid state. In 9-10 centuries. the largest economic and cultural center of the Middle East. Since the 17th century. until 1917 in the Ottoman Empire. In 1917 occupied by British troops. In 1920-21 the administrative center of the British mandated territory. In 1921-58 the capital of the Kingdom of Iraq from 1958 the Republic of Iraq. T. n. Zubaydah mausoleum (beg. 13 in.), madrassas Dustansiriya (13 in.), the gate of Bab al-Vastani (13 in.), the mausoleum of Musa al-Kadhim (t. n. Golden Mosque, 16 in.), and the Iraq Museum et al. Shawki Baghdadi (b. 1928), the Arab writer (Syria). The theme of the protection of man - the collection of poems "More than one heart" (1955), "Each has its own love story" (1956), "Between the pillow and neck" (1977), a collection of short stories "Our quarter spit blood" (1954) . Baghdad railway, common in the beginning. 20 in. the name of the railway line (approximately 2,400 km) connecting the Bosphorus to the Persian Room. In 1903 the concession for the construction of the road was given Turkey Germany, which caused an increase in conflicts between the major powers. Construction was completed in 1934-41 by private British and French companies. Caliphate of Baghdad, in the literature the name of the Arab Caliphate (the capital - Baghdad) during the reign of the Abbasid. BAGHDASAROV Khachik Saakovich (b. 1929), the Russian chemist, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991). Major works on the physical chemistry of inorganic refractory crystals, in Vol. H. For lasers. USSR State Prize (1972). Bagdasarian Christopher S. (b. 1908), the Russian chemist, Academician (1991; Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1981). Developed the theory of the influence of molecular structure on the rate of radical processes. Proved (1963) the existence of two-photon photochemical reactions. Bagdad (in 1940-90 Mayakovsky), city (1981) in Georgia, p. Hanistskali, 19 km from the railway Art. Rioni. 5.6 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Canning, Winery; Furniture Factory. Theater. The birthplace of Vladimir Mayakovsky (museum). Baguirmi (self - barman n), the people in Chad (530 thousand. Man, 1992) and Sudan (20 thous. People). Language Baguirmi. By religion mainly Sunni Muslims. Baguirmi, the language of the people Baguirmi. Refers to the Nilo-Saharan languages. Unwritten. Mir Jafar Bagirov Abbasovich (1896-1956), politician. Since 1921 Chairman of the Extraordinary Commission, the GPU, the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Azerbadzhana (1921-33). 1st Secretary of the Central Committee and the Baku Committee of CP (b) of Azerbaijan (1933-53). Accomplice Beria. According to the verdict of the Military Collegium of the USSR Supreme Court shot. Baghlan Marat V. (b. 1931), Russian statesman, lawyer, expert in constitutional law, Doctor of Laws. In 1967-77 on the scientific work of the Institute of the world labor movement USSR. In 1977-95 Vice-Rector of the Academy of Labour and Social Affairs. Since 1995, members of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation since 1997, its chairman. Baghlan, a city in Afghanistan, on the road to Kabul-Khanabad, the administrative center prov. Baghlan. 44.6 thousand. Inhabitants (1987). Sugar factory. Baglanova Tazhibaevna Rose (b. 1922), the Kazakh singer (soprano), People's Artist of the USSR (1967). Since 1949 in the Kazakh Philharmonic from 1960 to Kazakhconcert. The repertoire - folk songs and songs by contemporary composers. BAGHRAMYAN Bagramyan (1897-1982), the Russian commander, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1955), twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1977). In World War II commander of the army, from 1943 - the troops of the 1st Baltic and 3rd Belorussian Fronts. In 1955-56 Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR, in 1956-58 Head of the Military Academy of the General Staff. In 1958-68 Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR - Chief of Logistics of the Armed Forces. BAGHRAMYAN Movses, the Armenian political activist 2nd floor. 18 in. Together I. Emin fought against the Iranian-Turkish yoke. The author of "New Books" on the history of Armenia. Bagrat III, the Georgian King (975-1014), combined Zap. and most of the eastern. Georgia fought with feudal lords and the Arab conquerors. Bagratids (Bagratuni), an ancient Armenian aristocratic families. Royal dynasty in 886-1045. The best known are: Ashot I, Smbat I, Ashot II Iron Ashot III Merciful, Gagik I. Pyotr Bagration (1765-1812), Prince, Russian General of Infantry (1809). Member of the Swiss and Italian campaigns of Alexander Suvorov, the wars with France, Sweden and Turkey (in 1809-10 Chief of the Moldavian army). In the Patriotic War of 1812 Commander of the 2nd Army, was mortally wounded in the battle of Borodino. Bagration Peter R. (1818-76), Prince, Russian metallurgy. Developed (1843) cyanidation - a way to extract gold from ore.
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