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ATASU, urban village in Kazakhstan, Dzhezkazgan region. Railway station (Zhanaarka). 16 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Iron ore mining. ATASUYSKY iron ore district, Kazakhstan, Dzhezkazgan region. Includes volcanic-sedimentary deposits: Zap. and east. Karazhan Ktay B. et al. Tabular deposits hematite-magnetite ore, passing into the iron-manganese (manganese). Explored reserves of 555 million. M with the content of Fe 43-52%. Center - an urban village Atasu. ATATURK (letters. - The father of the Turks), Mustafa Kemal (1881-1938), head of the national liberation revolution in Turkey 1918-23. 1st President (1923-38) of the Turkish Republic. Advocated the strengthening of national independence and sovereignty of the country, for the maintenance of friendly relations with Russia. Atahualpa (Atahualpa) (1500-33), the supreme Inca (see. The Incas), the ruler of Tahuantinsuyo. In 1532 captured and executed by the Spaniards, despite the payment of the prescribed Spanish enormous ransom. Atbara, a city in north-eastern Sudan, at the confluence of river. Atbara in the Nile. St. 70 thousand. Residents. Node highways. Railway station. Shopping center agricultural area (cotton, cereals, fruit, cattle). Cement factory, railway workshops. Atbara (Arab. Bahr el Asuad), a river in Ethiopia and Sudan, right tributary of the Nile. 1120 km. In the dry season in the lower reaches dry. During the summer rains (July-November) reaches of the Nile. HPP. Atbasar, a city in Kazakhstan, Akmola. Located on the river. Zhabai (tributary of the river. Ishim). Railway junction. 40 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Center for processing of agricultural raw materials. Food industry; plants: elevators, concrete structures. Founded in 1846 as a Cossack village. At-Bashy, the ridge in the Tien Shan. Separates Al-Bashynskuyu basin north of Chater-kelsky basin and Aksai syrts the south. The length of 135 km, height up to 4786 m. Glaciers. Atwood (Attwood), Thomas (1783-1856), English radical leader of the Birmingham Political Union, which played an important role in the struggle for electoral reform 1832. Temporarily belonged to Chartism. Atheism (fr. Atheisme, from the Greek. Atheos - Godless), historically diverse forms of denial of religious beliefs and the cult of self-worth and approval being of the world and man. Found expression in the free-thinking, free-thinking, and others. Modern atheism considers religion as the illusory consciousness. Atelectasis (from the Greek. Ateles - incomplete and ektasis - stretching), spadenie with compression of the pulmonary alveoli of the lung, bronchial obstruction (eg., Tumors), pneumonia and others. In newborns neraspravlenie light because of the weakness of the respiratory movements of the child, and so on. D. Atellan Farce (lat. Atellana), type of folk improvisational theater in Other. Rome with constant types of masks. Perceived by the Italian commedia dell'arte. In 1. BC. e. as a literary genre. "Atelier" (Atelier), French drama theater. Opened in 1922 in Paris in the room b. "Theatre of Montmartre" (existed since 1822). The founders of the theater director Dyullena S. (1922) and A. Barsac (1940) determined the democratic orientation "Atelier. Athenaeum Nikopol (Armenian) (d. C. 319), one of the forty-five Christian martyrs, the casualty in Nikopol Armenian in the persecution Emperor Licinius. Memory in the Orthodox Church 10 (23) of July. Ateni Sioni Church, cross-domed church 7 in. (architect Todos) type Jvari Church, a monument to the early medieval Georgian architecture (12 km south of Gori). on the façade reliefs, within a unique painting (1080), which includes portraits of historical figures. atheroma (from the Greek. athera - mush and ... ohm), sebaceous cyst skin - a consequence of its excretory duct blockage thicken secret. atherosclerosis (from the Greek. athera - paste and sclerosis ), chronic cardiovascular disease, mainly elderly persons. It is characterized by the seal of the arterial wall due to the proliferation of connective tissue, narrowing of blood vessels and the deterioration of blood supply to organs. All that matters is heredity, excessive consumption of animal fat, low physical activity, psycho-emotional overvoltage smoking. In atherosclerosis of coronary arteries may angina, myocardial infarction, cardio; atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels - cerebrovascular accident, in Vol. h. stroke, mental disorders. Athetosis (from the Greek. Athetos - unstable), involuntary stereotypic movements due to the slow tonic muscle contractions in the defeat of the subcortical brain regions. View hyperkinesis. Atget (Atget) Eugene (1856-1927), the French master of photography. The founder of the European genre photograph taken by reporter. Atkarskaya city (since 1780) in the Russian Federation, Saratov region., At the confluence. Atkara at p. Dipper. Railway junction. 28.8 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Plants: engineering, oil extraction. Atlant .. 1) Titan in Greek mythology, holding on his shoulders the vault of heaven as a punishment for participation in titanomachy - struggle against the Titans Olympians (Olympian gods) ... 2) Men's statue supporting floors of buildings, portico, and so on. D. Atlanta, anatomy - annular first cervical vertebra in humans and higher vertebrates, articulates with the skull. Atlant, Saturn, is open from spacecraft "Voyager 2" (US, 1980). Distance from Saturn approx. 138 thousand. Km, diameter approx. 36 km. ATLANTA (Atlanta), a city in the United States, adm. c. pcs. Georgia. Major transport, trade, industrial and cultural center of the South, USA. International Airport. 394 thousand. Residents (1990, with suburbs 2.4 million. Inhabitants). Aviaraketnokosmicheskaya, electronic, automotive, chemical, printing, food processing (in Vol. H. The board of the company "Coca-Cola"), and others. Industry. Atlanta - the center of African-American culture and business. Universities. Games of the XXVI Olympiad (1996). Museums. ML King Memorial. Atlantis, on the ancient Greek tradition, preserved by Plato, once there was a huge fertile populous island in the Atlantic approx. to the west of Gibraltar, due to the earthquake sank to the bottom. Questions about the existence and causes of the destruction of Atlantis in science remain controversial. Atlantic City (Atlantis Sity), a city in the northeastern United States, pcs. New Jersey. 309 thousand. Residents (1988, with suburbs). Sea Resort; center of international tourism, gambling. "ATLANTIS" see. "Space Shuttle. Atlantic Charter, the Declaration of Heads of Government of the United States and Great Britain, signed 08.14.1941. The declaration referred to in general terms about the goals of the war against Nazi Germany and its allies, on the postwar world, in particular the refusal of territorial conquest and the right of peoples to choose their form of government. 09.24.1941 the Allied conference in London in 1941 the USSR announced the addition of the main provisions of the Atlantic Charter, which paved the way for the formation of the anti-Hitler coalition. ATLANTIC Western languages, see. West Atlantic languages. "Atlantic Wall" The system of permanent fortifications, created by Nazi Germany in 1942-44 along the European coastline from Denmark to Spain (the construction is not completed). It was broken by Anglo-American forces in June 1944 with the Normandy landings. Atlantic Ocean, the second largest (after the Pacific approx. ). The area of the seas 91.6 million. km2, the volume of water 329,700,000. km3, the average depth of 3600 m, 8742 m the highest (Puerto Rico Trench). Almost all the seas of the Atlantic approx. - The Baltic, North, Mediterranean, Black, Caribbean and others. - And large bays - Biscay, Guinea - are in the Northern Hemisphere. In the Southern Hemisphere - the Weddell Sea, Scotia, Lazarev - in Antarctica. The main groups of islands: the United Kingdom, Ireland, Newfoundland, B. and M. Antilles, Canary, Cape Verde, Falkland Islands (Malvinas). Meridional Mid-Atlantic Ridge divides the Atlantic approx. on the eastern and western parts (depth over it approx. 3 thousand. m to the east and west of it - 5-6 thousand. m). The water temperature at the surface at the equator to 28 ° C, freezes at high latitudes. Salinity 34-37,3 ° / oo. Surface currents form in the anticyclonic subtropical latitudes in the northern and southern temperate and high latitudes of the cyclonic circulations. North Subtropical Gyre is made up of warm North. Equatorial and Gulf Stream and the cold Canary Current, the south - from the warm South. Equatorial and Brazilian and cold Zap. Winds and the Benguela Current. Continuation of the Gulf Stream in the north - north-warm Atlantic current. From the North. Arctic approx. south along the coast of North. America sent the cold Labrador Current. The highest tidal range of 18 m (hall. Fundy). Fishing (herring, cod, sea bass, hake, tuna and others.) - 2/5 of the world catch. Oil on the shelves of Mexico hall., Caribbean m., Northern m. The coastal-marine deposits of ilmenite, zircon, rutile (Brazil, USA), diamonds (South West Africa), iron manganese ore (US, Canada, Finland), sulfur (Gulf of Mexico), and others. Atlantic approx. occupies a leading position in world shipping. The most important ports: Rotterdam, New York, Houston, Marseille, Hamburg, Genoa, London, Buenos Aires, St. Petersburg, Odessa. ATLANTIC THRESHOLD, raising the bottom of the Atlantic ok. between Greenland, Iceland, Faroe and Shetland on-you. The depth of the Atlantic threshold approx. 600 m. The Atlanta-Baltic race, part of the big European race. Characterized by light skin, hair, eyes, long nose and high growth. Common in Scandinavian countries, the UK, Netherlands, Germany, Latvia and Estonia. Atlanta Vladimir A. (b. 1939), the Russian singer (lyric-dramatic tenor), People's Artist of the USSR (1976). Since 1963 the Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theater, in 1967-88 at the Bolshoi Theatre. 1st prize at the International Vocal Competition them. Tchaikovsky (1966) and Young Singers in Sofia (1967). The honorary title of "Kammerzengera" Vienna State Opera (1987). Atlanthropus (from Atlas - a mountainous country in Africa and Greek. Anthropos - people), fossil man, defined as the species of the genus Pithecanthropus. Fragments of skulls Atlanthropus found in Algeria in 1954-55, along with stone tools Acheulean culture. Antiquity approx. 360 thousand. Years. ATLAS .. 1) systematic collection of maps with explanatory text, published as a volume or a set of individual sheets (eg., Atlas, astronomical atlas) ... 2) The name of the special albums - anatomical atlas, and so on. D. ATLAS (Atlas mountains), in the northwest of Africa, within Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Length approx. 2000 km. Consists of a ridge. Tel Atlas, High Atlas, Wed. Atlas, the Saharan Atlas, inland plateau (high plateau, Moroccan Meseta) and plains. Height up to 4165 m (Mt. Toubkal). On the northern slopes overgrown evergreen shrubs, holm and cork oak, mixed and coniferous forests; internal ridges and plateaus semi-desert. ATLAS (Ar., Letters. - Smooth), heavy silk, semi-silk or cotton soft fabric with a smooth shiny outer surface. Atlas Vladimir (approx. 1661-64-1711), Russian explorer, Siberian Cossacks. In 1697-99 hike on Kamchatka. Gave the first information on Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands. Killed during a riot serving people in Kamchatka. ATHLETICS (from the Greek. Athletikos - typical fighters) .. 1) the system of physical exercises that develop strength, agility (the term "lifting occurs in the names of athletics and weightlifting) ... 2) Genre circus arts, strength training with weights. Utley (it. Etzel), the hero of the German-Scandinavian heroic epic, the image of which dates back to the historical Attila, king of the Huns. Ideas about Utley received different treatment in the Icelandic Eddic songs in "saga Velsungs" and "Song of the Nibelungs." atman one of the central concepts of Indian philosophy and religion of Hinduism, the individual (subjective) spirit, since the Upanishads, and especially in the Vedanta affirms the identity of Atman with Brahman - space (objective) spiritual principle. ATMOGEOHIMIYA, studying the composition of Earth's atmosphere and its evolution during the geological history. aTMOSPHERE, off-system unit pressure. Normal, or physical atmosphere (atm is indicated.) is equal to 101,325 Pa - 1013.25 hPa - 760 mmHg - 10,332 mm water column - 1.0332 atm; technical atmosphere (atm) is equal to 1 kgf / cm2 - 735.56 mm Hg - 104 mm water column - 98066.5 Pa. Earth's atmosphere (from the Greek. Atmos - pairs and scope), air environment around the Earth rotating with it; weight approx. 5,15 • 1015 m. The composition of the Earth's surface it: 78.1% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9% argon, in small fractions of a percent carbonic gas, hydrogen, helium, neon, and other gases. In the lower 20 km contains water vapor (at the earth's surface - from 3% in the tropics to 2 • 10-5% in Antarctica), the amount of which decreases rapidly with height. At an altitude of 20-25 km is the ozone layer, which protects living organisms on Earth from harmful short-wavelength radiation. Above 100 km an increasing proportion of light gases and at very high altitudes is dominated by helium and hydrogen; some of the molecules decomposed into atoms and ions, forming the ionosphere. Pressure and density of the air in the atmosphere decrease with height. Depending on the temperature distribution (Fig.) Earth's atmosphere is divided into the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere. The Earth's atmosphere has an electric field. Non-uniformity of heat it contributes to the general circulation of the atmosphere, which affects weather and climate on Earth. Atmospherics, radio signals emitted by electrical discharges in the atmosphere. Atmospherics interfere with the radio, especially in the range of extra-long and long waves. ATMOSPHERIC ACOUSTICS, studying the propagation of sound in the atmosphere and explores the latest acoustic methods. Atmospheric optics, studying optical phenomena that occur during the passage of light in the atmosphere (halo, mirage, etc.). Atmospheric pressure, the pressure being atmospheric air and subjects it to the earth's surface. At each point of the atmosphere atmospheric pressure equal to the weight of the overlying column of air; decreases with height. The average atmospheric pressure at sea level is equivalent to the pressure of mercury height of 760 mm or 1013.25 hPa. Atmospheric electricity .. 1) electrical phenomena in the atmosphere: air ionization, the atmospheric electric field, the electric charges of clouds and precipitation, electrical currents and discharges in the atmosphere, and so on. D ... 2) Section of Atmospheric Physics, studying these phenomena. ATMOSPHERIC waveguide layer of air near the surface of the Earth, which, rejecting propagating radio waves, sends them along the ground. Atmospheric waveguide formed if the temperature slowly decreases with the height and the humidity faster than under normal conditions. In the atmospheric waveguide can propagate meter and a short radio waves that came at a slight angle to the horizon. The stellar atmosphere, the surface layers of the stars, which formed the observed emission spectrum of the stars. In an atmosphere of stars usually distinguish the outermost layer - an extended corona (see. The solar corona), then the chromosphere and photosphere located deeper. The planet's atmosphere, the gas shell planets rotates with the planet, scattering and absorbing solar radiation. Atmospheres of the planets Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, are composed mainly of hydrogen, helium and methane, Venus and Mars - mainly carbon dioxide. Complex composition is the Earth's atmosphere (N2, O2, Ar, CO2, etc.). ATMOFILNYE elements, Goldschmidt classification of Goldschmidt - a group of chemical elements (nitrogen, hydrogen, noble gases), typical of the earth's atmosphere, within which they are present in the form of free atoms or molecules. Atolls, coral structure that takes the form of a continuous or broken ring surrounding a shallow lagoon. The basis for the atoll is usually top of an underwater volcano. Common in tropical latitudes of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. ATOM (from the Greek. Atomos - indivisible), the smallest particle of a chemical element that retains its properties. In the center of the atom is a positively charged nucleus, which focuses almost the entire mass of the atom; electrons move around, forming electron shells, the size of which (~ 10-8 cm) determine the size of the atom. Nucleus of an atom consists of protons and neutrons. The number of electrons in an atom equals the number of protons in the nucleus (charge of all the electrons of an atom is equal to the charge of the nucleus), the number of protons is equal to the ordinal number of the element in the periodic table. Atoms can join or donate electrons, becomes negatively or positively charged ions. The chemical properties of atoms are determined primarily by the number of electrons in the outer shell; connecting chemically atoms form molecules. An important characteristic of an atom - its internal energy, which can take only certain (discrete) values corresponding to the stable states of the atom, and is only changed abruptly by the quantum transition. Absorbing a certain amount of energy, the atom in an excited state (to a higher energy level). From the excited state of the atom emitting a photon, can go into a state of lower energy (to a lower energy level). Level corresponding to the minimum energy of the atom is called the primary, and the rest - excited. Quantum transitions are responsible for the atomic absorption and emission spectra, individual atoms of all chemical elements. Atomism (the Atomic Scientists, atomic theory), the theory of discontinuous, discrete structure of matter. Until the end. 19 in. atomism argued that matter is composed of indivisible particles separate - atoms. From the point of view of modern atomism electrons - "atoms" of electricity, the photons - "atoms" of light, and so on.. In a broader sense, atomism represents discrete objects, processes, properties (social atomism, logical atomism, etc.). Atomic mass units (a. E. M.), The unit of mass used to express the weight of the microparticles. 1 a. e. m. adopted 1/12 of the mass of the carbon isotope with a mass number of 12 (m. n. Carbon scale). 1 a. e. m. - 1.6605655 (86) • 10-27 kg. Atomic mass, atomic mass, expressed in atomic mass units. The atomic mass is less than the sum of the masses of the constituent atoms of the particles (protons, neutrons, electrons), an amount due to the energy of their interaction (see. Eg., Mass defect). Atomic physics, the branch of physics that studies the structure and state of the atoms. There was in the beginning. 20 in. Until the end. 19 in. atom was considered indivisible. After the discovery of radioactivity (1896) and electron (1897, J. J. Thompson) became evident that the atom - a system of charged particles. In 1911, Rutherford proposed a planetary model of the atom (around heavy positively charged nucleus revolve electrons). The first quantum theory of the atom based on it gave in 1913 Niels Bohr; she explained the spectra of H and hydrogen-like atoms, but not old enough for atoms to the number of electrons? 2. A consistent theory of the atom created later on the basis of quantum mechanics. In the 30-40-ies. in atomic physics also included topics related to the structure and properties of the nucleus, cosmic rays, elementary particles; subsequently they became an independent field of physics. Nuclear power plant (NPP), power plant, where nuclear (atomic) energy is converted into electrical energy. NPP heat generated in a nuclear reactor is used to produce water vapor, rotating turbine generator. 1st in the world NPP operating capabilities 5 MW was commissioned in the USSR 27/06/1954 in Obninsk. Nuclear power plants are the basis of nuclear power. Capacity largest operating multiblock NPP (1989) St. 9 GW. Nuclear power, see. Nuclear power nuclear weapons, see. Nuclear weapons. Atomic nucleus, see. The core of atomic. NUCLEAR ENERGY INSTITUTE. Kurchatov, in 1992 transformed into a Russian Research Center "Kurchatov Institute". Atomic radius, characteristics that approximate the interatomic (internuclear) distances in molecules and crystals. Mainly determined from the data of X-ray structural analysis. Atomic spectra, optical spectra of free or weakly bound atoms (monatomic gases, vapors). Due to quantum transitions in atoms. Atomic spectra - ruled consist of individual spectral lines, which are characterized by a certain wavelength and simple atoms are grouped into spectral series. Contain information about the structure of atoms, are also used in the spectral analysis. Atomic clock, the same as the quantum clock. Atomic number (serial number), Z, the number of the chemical element in the periodic table of elements. Equal to the number of protons in the atomic nucleus and determine the chemical and physical properties of the majority of the atom. Nuclear reactors, the same as a nuclear reactor. Nuclear fleet, a set of civil and military ships for various purposes, having as the main energy source of nuclear power plants. Nuclear-powered ships, the common name of vessels (surface and subsurface) nuclear power plant. 1st civil icebreaker - a Soviet icebreaker "Lenin" (1959, USSR). ATON, in ancient Egyptian mythology, the god of the sun. Depicted as a solar disk. Atonality (from a - a negative prefix and tone), in music - a term denoting the absence of traditionally interpreted the tone in the writings of the 20th century. (refusal of major and minor, from consonant tonics, dodekafoniya). Aton (from the Greek. Atonia - relaxation), in medicine - the loss of normal muscle tone skeleton and internal organs (eg., Intestine) for exhaustion, nervous and other diseases. Can be congenital. Atrato (Atrato), a river in north-western Colombia. 664 km catchment area of 36 t. Km2. The average water consumption of approx. 2500 m3 / s. Navigable from the town of Quibdo. Atra-Hasis (Akkadian. Surpassing wisdom), in Akkadian mythology hero myth of the flood, to build a ship called "boat, saves lives" and became the progenitor of a new generation of people on earth. Atresia (from a - a negative prefix and Greek. Tresis - hole), congenital absence (malformation) or imperforate (due to injury, inflammation, and so on. N.) Of some natural openings of the channel (eg., The esophagus). Atreus, in Greek mythology, king of Mycenae, the father of the heroes of the Trojan War, Agamemnon and Menelaus. Atrek river in Iran and Turkmenistan. 669 km, the area of the mountainous part of the basin 27.3 t. Km2. Average water consumption in urban-type settlements Kizil-Atrek 9.2 m3 / s. Water comes to the Caspian Sea. Only in flood, the rest of the diverted for irrigation. Main tributary - Sumbar. Atri, the Vedic sage Rishi, one of the authors of the mythical "Rig Veda". Attributes (from Lat. Attribuo - attach endows) .. 1) requires a significant, inherent property of an object (eg., An attribute of matter in philosophy - movement) ... 2) In linguistics - the same as the definition. Attribution (from Lat. Attributio - attribution), the establishment of the author, time and place of creating artwork. Based on the analysis of style, iconography, story, technology, the results of Physical and Chemical Research, and so on. D. Atrium (lat. Atrium), enclosed courtyard in the middle of an ancient Roman dwelling, onto which the rest of the room. In the center was a pool (impluvium), above it a hole (komplyuvy) for rainwater. Atropatena early slave state in the South. Azerbaijan in the 4th century. BC. e. - 7. n. e., the center of Zoroastrianism. Capital - Gazaka. Fought against the Seleucids and the Roman Empire. Conquered by the Arab Caliphate. Atropine, an alkaloid found in plants of the nightshade family (deadly nightshade, henbane, datura, etc.). Used primarily as a medicine holinoliticescoe means. Relieves bronchial spasms, dilates the pupil, and so on. D. ATROPOS (Atropos), in Greek mythology, one of the Fates, cut the thread of life. Atrophy (from the Greek. Atropheo - starving, chahnu) .. 1) reducing the size of the organ or tissue with violation (termination) of their functions; may be common (cachexia) and local; physiological (eg., gonads atrophy during aging) and pathological ... 2) In a figurative sense - dullness, loss of any sense. Atroschenko Vasily (b. 1906), Ukrainian chemist, academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (1972), Hero of Socialist Labor (1971). Major works in the field of kinetics of catalytic and adsorption processes, technology bound nitrogen. USSR State Prize (1969). Attalea, the genus of palm trees. Ok. 20 species, tropical America. Of leaf sheaths Brazilian Attal mined piassavu. The hard shell of seeds of other species goes on turning the product. Some Attal grown in greenhouses. Attalids dynasty rulers of Pergamum in 283-133 BC. e. ATTAR Farid-ud-Din, Persian and Tajik poet Sufi 12. (see. Sufism). Poem "Conference of the Birds" (c. 1175), lyric poetry; anthology "The Life of sheikhs." Attaches (fr. Attache, letters. - Attached), the diplomatic rank, one of the junior diplomatic posts. In the diplomatic missions are military attache, naval, air, commercial, for Culture, Media (press officer), and others. Attenborough (Attenborough), Richard (b. 1923), English actor and director. He made his debut as an actor in the film N. Coward and David Lean "... in which we serve" (1942). Made several anti-war films; in 1982 realized his dream - to put biographical film "Gandhi" (8 awards "Oscar"). In 1996 filmed a documentary book G. and J. Willard. Nigel "Hemingway in Love and War." Attenuation (from Lat. Attenuatio - decrease), artificial persistent weakening of the virulence of pathogens, preserving the ability to induce immunity. Used in the manufacture of live vaccines against tuberculosis, smallpox and others. Attenuator (from the French. Attenuer - relaxing), wireless devices (eg., In the form of a waveguide or the electrical circuit of the resistors) to reduce the voltage or power signal. Atterberg (Atterberg), Kurt (1887-1974), Swedish composer, conductor, music and public figure. 5 operas, ballet 4, 9 symphonies in the spirit of musical romanticism. Use national folk music. CERTIFICATE (from Lat. Attestor - witness) .. 1) document the end of secondary school, awarding academic status ... 2) A document issued by military personnel in the reassignment, missions, to satisfy its various kinds of allowances, as well as member his family the right to receive part of his rations. CERTIFICATION (from Lat. Attestatio - certificate), the definition of the employee's qualifications, quality of products, jobs, student achievement; Review characteristic. ATTIK (from the Greek. Attikos - Attic), the wall above the cornice crowning architectural structure, often decorated with reliefs and inscriptions. Usually completes the triumphal arch.
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