- 631 Просмотр
- Обсудить
ФИЛОСОФИЯ \ ЭТИКА \ ЭСТЕТИКА \ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ \
РИТОРИКА \ КРАСНОРЕЧИЕ \ РИТОРИЧЕСКИЙ \ ОРАТОР \ ОРАТОРСКИЙ \
ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКАЯ РИТОРИКА ( 1 ) ЦИЦЕРОН ( 1 ) ФИЛОСОФ | ПСИХОЛОГ | ПОЭТ | ПИСАТЕЛЬ
ДОБАВИТЬ САЙТ (БЛОГ, СТРАНИЦУ) В КАТАЛОГ БЕЗ РЕГИСТРАЦИИ И БЕСПЛАТНО
( ADD YOUR WEBSITE WITHOUT REGISTRATION AND FREE )
ПОДАТЬ ОБЪЯВЛЕНИЕ БЕЗ РЕГИСТРАЦИИ И БЕСПЛАТНО
( POST FREE ADS WITHOUT REGISTRATION AND FREE )
Alpine folded geosynclinal region, the youngest part of the Mediterranean geosynclinal belt, including the Cenozoic folded mountain structures of the Alps (in the west) to the Himalayas (in the east). In the development of the Alpine folded geosynclinal region allocated 2 stages (Triassic - Paleogene and Neogene - anthropogenic) separated by Alpine folding. Alpine folding, the era mainly in the Cenozoic orogeny; manifested within geosynclinal areas that developed in the Mesozoic and Paleogene. In the Alpine folding emerged folded mountain structures of the Alps, Caucasus, Pamir, the Himalayas, and many others. ALPINE VIOLET, see. Cyclamen. ALPINE ARROW mountain troops in the Italian and French armies. Alpine zones, natural altitudinal belts in the mountains, mainly temperate and subtropical latitudes. Dominated by alpine vegetation. Located above the subalpine zone at high altitude mountains nival belt replaced. In the Alps and in the West. Caucasus alpine zone - at an altitude of 2200-3000 m, on the southern slopes of the Himalayas - at an altitude of 3600-5000 m. Summer pastures. Alpine type of relief, relief type mountainous countries undergoing intensive glaciation. Characterized by spiky peaks and sharp ridges, pitted circuses, steep and rocky slopes. Alpina Lev M. (1898-1986), a Russian geophysicist, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (1947), one of the founders of the Soviet Union in the electrical, the creator of the scientific school. Works on the development of theoretical foundations of exploration geophysics and electrical logging. Rock gardens (from the Alps), the plot in a botanical garden, parks for growing mountain (alpine) plants artificially constructed of stone hills. Climbing, sport climbing the difficult mountain peaks. The first mountaineering clubs emerged in the middle. 19 in. In the International Mountaineering and Climbing Federation (UIAA; founded in 1932), 44 countries (1991). ALPS (it. Alpen; French. Alpes; Ital. Alpi; from the Celts. Alp - highest mountain), the highest (up to 4807 m, the Mont Blanc) mountain range Zap. Europe. Located in France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria and Liechtenstein; spurs in Slovenia and Germany. Length approx. 1,200 km, width up to 260 km. Form a convex northwest arc. Transverse valley from Lake Constance. to the lake. Como divided into high with a typical alpine type of relief Zap. Alps and the lower eastern. Alps. The folded structure of the Alps formed mainly movements of Alpine age. The axial zone of the Alps is composed of crystalline and metamorphic rocks, on the periphery - flysch and molasse formations. Many lakes of glacial origin, tectonics (Geneva, Constance, Como et al.). To a height of 800 m is dominated by cultural landscapes, up to 1800 m - broad-leaved and coniferous forests, above - subalpine and alpine meadows, cliffs, glaciers (c. 1200). Alps - one of the most important recreational areas in Europe. Center for mountaineering, hiking, skiing. ALSMIK Peter Ivanovich (b. 1907), the breeder, Academician of Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1979), Academy of Sciences of Belarus (1966), Hero of Socialist Labor (1966). Proceedings of breeding, genetics and seed potatoes, the author of highly productive and disease-resistant varieties. USSR State Prize (1951, 1974). ALT (ital. Alto, letters. - High), 1) Party in the chorus, sung low child or female voice. Sounds and notiruetsya above the tenor. 2) Low child's voice. 3) the bow string musical instrument of the violin family, violin more. ALT (Alt) Herman (1889-1954), a German mechanic and engineer, one of the founders of the geometric method of synthesis mechanisms. Major works on the theory of machines and mechanisms. In the context. 1920 developed a synthesis of slider-crank mechanism, in 1932 - the synthesis of multi mechanisms; laid the foundations for a dynamic synthesis of mechanisms. ALTAIR, a Eagle, a star of the 1st magnitude; with Vega and Deneb forms t. n. great summer triangle. Altamira (Altamira), a cave in the province. Santander (Spain) with colorful murals (buffalo and others. Animals) Magdalenian late Paleolithic. Altamira-and-KREVEA (Altamira in Crevea) Raphael (1866-1951), a Spanish historian. Examined the history of medieval Spain. ALTAMIRANO (Altamirano) Ignacio Manuel (1834-93), a Mexican writer and public figure. Romantic prose imbued with ideas of patriotism: the novels "Clemencia" (1869), "Sarko" (published 1901), poetry, literary criticism. Altani Hippolyte Karlovich (1846-1919), a Russian conductor and chorus master. In 1882-1906 the chief conductor of the Bolshoi Theater. Altdorfer (Altdorfer) Albrecht (c. 1480-1538), German painter and graphic artist of the Renaissance, the head of the Danube school. One of the first European landscape artists, portrayed the real world in its diversity and poetry ("Type in the Danube valley", c. 1520-1525, "The Battle of Alexander", 1529). Alteration (from the medieval Latin. Alteratio - change), in music - raising and lowering stage modal scale without changing its name. Accidentals - sharp, flat, double-sharp, double-flat; sign cancel alteration - Bekar. Alterman (Altermann) Theodore (1885-1915), Estonian actor and director. On the scene since 1902. Since 1906 the theater "Estonia", one of the organizers. Alternaria, plant diseases caused by parasitic fungi. Especially harmful blight cabbage. On leaves dark spots, within which the tissue dies. ALTERNATIVE (fr. Alternative, from Lat. Alter - one of the two), the need to choose one of two or more mutually exclusive possibilities; each of the mutually exclusive options. Alternative fuel, produced mainly from the non-oil raw material origin, used to reduce oil consumption. The main alternative fuels: liquefied and compressed flammable gases (eg., Methane); alcohols derived products and mixtures with gasoline (eg., methanol, methyl t-butyl ether); fuel mixture (eg., coal-water); synthetic liquid fuel; hydrogen. ALTIMETER (from Lat. Altum - height and ... meter), the same as the altimeter. Althing (althing), the name of the parliament in Iceland. Altiplano (Altiplano), the western part of the inner plateau of the Central Andes South. America, between 16 and 22 ° S. w. The height of 3300-3800 m. The volcanic plateaus and basins with lakes and salt marshes. In the north-east of the steppe to the west and south of the desert and semi-desert. Altitude (from Lat. Altitudo - height), the same as the altitude. Nathan Altman Marshak (1889-1970), Russian painter, sculptor and graphic artist, Honored Artist of Russia (1968). Portraits ("Anna Akhmatova", 1914), illustrations, stagecraft. Executed from nature sculptural portrait (1920) and a series of sketches of Lenin. Alto OBOE (oboe d'amore), a kind of oboe, differs from it in a pear-shaped bell, large size and build. See. Oboe, English Horn. ALTRUISM (fr. Altruisme, from Lat. Alter - other), unselfish concern for the welfare of others. People. The term introduced by Auguste Comte as opposite in meaning to the term "selfishness". Altvater Vasily Mikhailovich (1883-1919), the Russian commander. Member of the 1st World War, Rear Admiral (1917). After the October Revolution in 1918-19, the first commander of the naval forces and a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic. Lev Altshuler (b. 1913), the Russian physicist, founder of the scientific school. Major works in the field of high pressure, shock waves, detonation phenomena, X-ray analysis. Lenin Prize (1962). USSR State Prize (1946, 1949, 1953). Prize of the American Physical Society (1991). Semen A. Altshuler (1911-83), the Russian physicist, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1976). Researcher electron paramagnetic resonance. Theoretical basis for acoustic paramagnetic resonance. Althusser (Althusser) Louis (1918-90), French philosopher. Major works on the history of philosophy, epistemology, dialectic and historical materialism. Althusser's views are similar to the ideas of structuralism. ALPHA (a), the first letter of the Greek alphabet. Perrin .: alpha and omega - the beginning and the end; basis point. "ALFA-BANK", a Russian commercial bank. Founded in 1991, Moscow. Equity capital 0.7 trillion. rub. Alfano (Alfano) Franco (1876-1954), Italian composer, pianist. Director of music schools in Bologna (1919) and Turin (1923-39), the Conservatory in Pesaro (1947-50). Opera "Resurrection" (by Leo Tolstoy, 1903) et al., Completed the opera "Turandot" J. Puccini (1925). Al-Farabi, see. Farabi. Alpha decay (a-decay), the type of radioactive decay of atomic nuclei is emitted alpha particle, nuclear charge decreases by 2 units, the mass number - by 4 known St. 3000 a-active nuclei, most of which is obtained artificially. Alfaro (Alfaro) Eloy (1842-1912), President of Ecuador in 1895-1901, 1906-11. Spent the separation of church and state, the nationalization of the church latifundia, introduced secular education. Killed. Alpha spectrometer, an instrument for measuring the energy (power spectrum) of alpha particles. ALPHA-therapy, therapeutic use of a-particles (radon baths, radioactive dressings and others.); type of radiation therapy. Alpha particles (a-particle), helium nucleus containing 2 protons and 2 neutrons. Alfeld, part of the Pannonian Plain in Hungary, east of the river. Danube. Most of the surface is plowed. ALFONS I, Afonso (Affonso) (1111 or 1109-1185), the first king of Portugal, in 1139, of the Burgundian dynasty. Successfully fought with the Arabs, in 1147 freed Lisbon. ALFONS I (Alfonso) Warrior (? -1134), King of Aragon and Navarre from 1104 to recapture the Arabs Zaragoza (1118), defeated the troops of the Almoravids in the fortress Kutanda (1120), suffered from their defeat at the fortress of Fraga (1134). Alfonso III the Great (838-910 or 912), King of Asturias from 866 to win from a number of Arab areas north of the river. Tahoe. Aristocracy, led by the sons of Alfonso I, forced him to abdicate the throne (910). Alfonso V African (1432-81), King of Portugal from 1438, of the House of Aviz. In 1458-71 took a number of North African territories. Contributed to the organization of many expeditions to the coast of Africa. Alfonso VI of León and Castile (1030-1109), King of Leon and Castile from 1065 to 1072. The Arabs conquered from Toledo, Valencia, Almeria. Defeated in 1086 at Salak, in 1108 at Uclés, lost a number of previously conquered lands. ALFONS VII (1104-57), king of Castile and Leon from 1126. He became overlord of Aragon, Navarre, Portugal and a number of French territories (Foix, Comminges, Montpellier). Successfully participated in the Reconquista. Alfonso X the Wise (1221-84), king of Castile and Leon from 1252 to recapture the Arabs Jerez, Cadiz and others. Centralizing policies of Alfonso X has encountered resistance of the nobility, in 1282 actually was deprived of power (to rule his son Sancho). ALFONS XI (1311-50), king of Castile and Leon from 1312 to 1325. Independently of the rules was led by centralizing policy. In 1348 issued a charter, a fixed personal liberty peasants. Successfully fought with the Arabs. He died at the siege of Gibraltar. ALFONS XIII (1886-1941), King of Spain in 1902-31, from the Bourbon dynasty. Deposed at the beginning of the Spanish Revolution 1931-39. Ahlfors (Ahlfors) Lars (b. 1907), American mathematician, a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; Foreign Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1988). Proceedings on complex analysis. Alfred the Great (Alfred the Great) (c. 849 - c. 900), King of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex from 871 to unite under his rule a number of neighboring Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. When Alfred the Great compiled the 1st general English collection of laws and part of the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle." Alfieri (Alfieri) Vittorio (1749-1803) was an Italian dramatist, the founder of the national tragedy classicism. In treatises and tragedies of political content advocated the unification of Italy, condemning tyranny ("Cleopatra", "Mary Stuart", "Saul" et al.); autobiography "Life Vittorio Alfieri ..." (published 1806). Algeciras (Algeciras), a city in southern Spain, on the Mediterranean port m. 101 thousand. Inhabitants (1989). Climatic and spa resort. Cork processing, oil refining and petrochemicals; fishing. Alcyone, see. Keiko. "Alcyone" Russian literary almanac, published in St. Petersburg in 1831-33 EF Rosen. Among the authors of the anthology - A. Pushkin, VA Zhukovsky, PA Vyazemsky, E Baratynskij, SP Shevyrev, VF Odoyevski et al. ALCHIATI (Alciati) Andrea (1492-1550) Italian jurist and writer and scholar. The author of the collection "Emblem", which has become the main source of allegorical motifs in art and popular culture in Europe 16-18 centuries. ALSHVANG A. Arnold (1898-1960), a Russian musician and pianist, Doctor of Arts. Works on the history of Russian and foreign music. ALLIANCE (fr. Alliance), union, association (usually states, organizations). Alliance of Socialist Democracy, an anarchist organization, Bakunin established in September 1868 in Geneva as the International Alliance of Socialist Democracy. In 1869 formally dissolved, but in fact continued to work by entering the 1st International as its Geneva section (called the Alliance of Socialist Democracy - Central Section). Broke up shortly after the exclusion of Bakunin from the International (1872). Alumel alloy Ni (basis) with Al, Mn, Si, Co, Zn (in an amount of approx. 6%). High thermoelectric power factor, constancy of thermoelectric properties. Produce chromel-alumel thermocouple (at operating temperatures up to 1000 ° C), compensating cables. Aluminates, alumina chemical compound oxide al. Metal. Sodium aluminate NaAlO2 - mordant in dyeing fabrics. Calcium aluminates Ca (AlO2) 2 - the main component of rapid-alumina cement, YAlO3 - laser material spinel (Group II metal aluminate) is used in the manufacture of refractory materials such as semi-precious stones. Alum, crystalline double salt type MAl (SO4) 2.12H2O, where M - singly charged cations (eg., K +, Na +, NH4 +, etc.). Colorless crystals, readily soluble in water. Used in dyeing fabrics, leather tanning, water purification, medicine. See. Alum natural. Aluminum ore, rocks, the raw material for aluminum. Basically bauxite; to aluminum ores are also nepheline syenite, alunite, nepheline-apatite rocks and others. ALUMINUM (lat. Aluminium, from alumen - alum), Al, a chemical element of group III of the periodic system, atomic number 13, atomic weight 26.98154. Silvery white metal, lightweight (2.7 g / cm3), ductile, high conductivity, a melting point of 660 ° C. Chemically active (in the air covered with a protective oxide film). In terms of natural occupies the 4th place among the elements and 1st among metals (8.8% of the earth's crust). Minerals are several hundreds of aluminum (aluminum silicates, bauxite, alunite et al.). Produced by electrolysis of alumina Al2O3 in molten cryolite Na3AlF6 at 950 ° C. Used in aircraft construction (material, preferably in the form of alloys with other. Metals), electrical (copper substitute in the manufacture of cables, and others.), Food industry (foil) and steel (the dopant), aluminothermy et al. Organoaluminium compound, contain aluminum atom in the molecule is directly linked to carbon. Known organoaluminum compounds such R3Al, R2AlX, RAlX2, where R - an organic radical, X - halogen, hydrogen, or OR. Organoaluminum compounds - component catalysts (m. N. Ziegler - Natta) synthesis of stereoregular polymers. Aluminizing the same as aluminizing. Aluminium oxide (alumina), Al2O3, insoluble colorless crystals, m.p. 2044 ° C. Is obtained from bauxite, nepheline, kaolin, alunite. Raw material in aluminum production, a catalyst, an adsorbent refractory and abrasive. See. Also corundum, ruby, sapphire. Aluminum sulfate, Al2 (SO4) 3, colorless crystals. Soluble in water. Used for the same purposes as the alum. ALUMINUM FLUORIDE, AlF3, colorless crystals. Poorly soluble in water. Included in the electrolyte for production and purification of aluminum. With aluminum chloride, AlCl3, colorless crystals. Soluble in water. Catalyst in organic synthesis and in petroleum refining, the reagent for the purification of waste water, the treatment of wood. Aluminosis professional pneumoconiosis, caused by exposure to aluminum dust and its compounds. Aluminothermy (from aluminum and Greek. Therme - heat, heat), production of metals and alloys by reduction of metal oxides of aluminum, which is accompanied by a significant amount of heat (see. Metallothermy). "Aluminum Company of America" (Aluminum Company of America), the US aluminum company. Founded in 1888. With sales of 9.8 billion. Dollars., Net profit of 861 million. Dol., Aluminum smelting 1.2 million. M, the number of employees 59 thous. People (con. 1980.). Alumina gel, a microporous body. Drying the obtained aluminum hydroxide gel; used in the art as an adsorbent carrier catalysts. Aluminum hydrides, chemical compounds such as M [AlH4] n, where M - metal in oxidation state n. Solids which decompose with the release of water H2. Are used as reducing agents in the synthesis of starting materials for the preparation of hydrides and a hydrogenation catalyst. Aluminum silicate, a group of rock-forming minerals, silicate class; silico compounds with alkali metal cations (feldspars, micas, clays and other minerals.). Alyumotola, waterproof explosives granulated mixture of TNT cast aluminum with a powder. The heat of explosion 5,3-5,6 MJ / kg. Apply in public works in flooded hard rocks. Aliutor, the language Alyutors, the ethnic minorities in the Russian Federation (population approx. 3 thousand. Man, 1992), in the north-east coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula, refers to the Chukchi-Kamchatka family Paleo-Asiatic languages. Alyabyev Alexander Alexandrovich (1787-1851), Russian composer. Vocal works in the tradition of Russian urban folklore beginning. 19 in. Romances ("Nightingale" et al.), In Vol. H. On sound social texts ("Beggar"). One of the first embodied in the music lyrics of Alexander Pushkin. Among others. Works - operas, ballets, chamber music, theater music. ALASKA (Alaska), Pacific Bay approx. off the coast of North. America, between the n-word Alaska and the mainland. The width at the entrance of more than 2200 km. Depth up to 4929 m. In Alaska - Kodiak archipelago, Alexander and the Queen Charlotte Islands. The main ports: Seward, Prince Rupert. Alaska Peninsula in northwestern North. (USA, NY. Alaska) between Bristol hall. Bering Sea. And the Pacific approx. The length of 700 km, the width of 10-170 km. Busy mainly Aleutian Ridge. Mountain tundra. Alaska, United States, in the north-west North. America. 1519 thousand. Km2. The population of 599 thousand. People (1993). Adm. c. - Juneau. The indigenous population - Indians, Eskimos, Aleuts. In the 17-18 centuries. open Russian explorers who founded a number of settlements, 1st - in the 1780s. In 1799, Russian-American company with the right of exclusive use of fisheries and resources. In 1867, Alaska was sold to the United States by the tsarist government, to 1884 administered by the US War Department, in the 1884-1912 area, then area, since 1959 the US state. Alaska Range, southern Alaska, in the North of the Cordillera. America (USA). Length approx. 1000 km. Height up to 6193 m (Mt. McKinley). Coniferous forests, alpine tundra. Glaciers. Alaska Current, a warm current in the northeastern part of the Pacific approx .; the northern branch of the North Pacific Current. Alaska, acidic intrusive rocks; granite, containing less than 5% of ferrous minerals. First discovered on the Alaska Peninsula (hence the name). Amaurosis (from the Greek. Amauros - dark, blind), the same as blindness. Amagasaki, a city and port in Japan on about. Honshu. 498 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Large industrial suburb of Osaka. Metallurgy, mechanical engineering; Chemical and others. Industry. AMADEUS Savoy (Amadeo de Saboya) (1845-90), King of Spain, 1870-73; Cortes elected during the Spanish Revolution 1868-74; in an atmosphere of political crisis abdicated. AMADIES (Amadeus), endorheic salt lake dries up, in the center of Australia. Approx. 8700 km2. Amadeus (Amado) Jorge (b. 1912), the Brazilian writer. In the social-revolutionary novel-Novels "Boundless lands" (1943) and "The City of Ilheus" (1944), "Red shoots" (1946), "The Underground of Freedom" (1952) et al., Novellas, short stories gave energy and originality of the Brazilian national character. Novels "Return of the Prodigal Daughter" (1977), "The military tunic, academic uniform, nightdress" (1979). Artistic biography. International Lenin Prize (1951). Amazonas (Amazonas), a state in northwest Brazil, bass. p. Amazon. 1,567.9 thousand. Km2. The population of 2.1 million. People (1991). Adm. c. - Manaus. Amazonia (Amazon stone), a mineral, a variety of microcline, painted lead ions in the blue-green or green. In pegmatites, granites. Ornamental stone. Amazon women's clothes for riding. AMAZON (Amazonas), a river in the South. America, mainly in Brazil, the greatest water content in the world. The length of the main source of the river. Maranon 6.4 thousand. Km, from the source p. St. Ucayali. 7 th. Km. Basin area 7180 thousand. Km2. Empties into the Atlantic approx. St. 500 tributaries (approx. 20 St. length. 1500 km): Ucayali, Madeira, Tapajós, Xingu, Isa, Japurá, Rio Negro, and others. The average water consumption of 220 thousand. M3 / s. Tides cover 1,400 km from the mouth. Navigable for 4,300 km. The principal ports of Iquitos, Manaus, Óbidos, Santarem, Belem. In the rivers of bass. Amazon to 2,000 species of fish. Amazon in Greek mythology nation of female warriors who lived in Asia Minor or in the foothills of the Caucasus. Entered into a relationship with men only to save the kind (born boys sent or killed, girls left).
FRIEDRICH WILHELM NIETZSCHE / ФРИДРИХ ВИЛЬГЕЛЬМ НИЦШЕ
НИЦШЕ / NIETZSCHE / ЕССЕ HOMO / ВОЛЯ К ВЛАСТИ / К ГЕНЕАЛОГИИ МОРАЛИ / СУМЕРКИ ИДОЛОВ /
Никто не решился оставить свой комментарий.
Будь-те первым, поделитесь мнением с остальными.
Будь-те первым, поделитесь мнением с остальными.