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Aquilino Younger (d. C. 310), the Christian martyr, the victim in Sinop (Black Sea) in the persecution of the Emperor Maximilian. Memory in the Orthodox Church, 7 (20) of April. AQIM Lazarevic Jacob (b. 1923), Russian children's writer. Collections of poetry: "Always ready!" (1954), "colored lights" (1963), "Spring, Spring, about the spring" (1965), "My faithful siskin" (1971), "My brother Misha" (1986), "Song in the Forest" (1992) et al. Storybook "Dragonfly and lemonade" (1962). George V. Akimov (1901-53), chemist, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1939). Works on the corrosion of metals. USSR State Prize (1943, 1945, 1946). Akimov Ivan Akimovich (1754-1814), the Russian historical painter. The representative of classicism ("Great Prince Svyatoslav ...", 1773). The first historian of Russian art. Akinak (Gr. Akinakes), short (40-60 cm) iron sword Scythians. I Akyndinos Caves (d. 1164), the abbot, was buried later (Theodosiev) Caves of Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Memory in the Orthodox Church in the 2nd Sunday after Pentecost (All Russian Saints). Akyndinos Caves II (d. 1235), Archimandrite (1219) Kiev-Pechersk monastery, the target "message" Polycarp, the foundation of the Kiev-Pechersk Patericon. Buried in the sequel (Theodosiev) Caves of Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Memory in the Orthodox Church on August 28 (September 10) and in the 2nd Sunday of Lent (the Cathedral of the Kiev-Pechersk Fathers). Akyndinos Nicomedia (d. 303), the Christian martyr damaged in persecution of the Emperor Maximilian. Memory in the Orthodox Church on April 18 (May 1) and 22 August (4 September). Akyndinos Persian (d. 341 or 345), the Christian martyr, the court, the victim in the persecution of king Shapur II. Memory in the Orthodox Church 2 (15) of November. Akinesia (from a - a negative prefix and Greek. Kinesis - movement), the absence of active movements due to paralysis, pain, joint stiffness, and others. Reasons. Aquino (Aquino) Corazon (b. 1933), President of the Philippines in 1986-92. The widow of a prominent figure in opposition to the regime of Marcos F. B. Aquino (killed in 1983). Akita City in Japan at about. Honshu, the administrative center of the prefecture. Akita. 304 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Petrochemicals, wood, non-ferrous metals. University. Akihito (b. 1933), the emperor of Japan since 1989. The son of Emperor Hirohito. Since 1952, the Crown Prince. Acca Larentia (lat. Acca Larentia), in Roman mythology were worshiped as deities Faustulus shepherd's wife, a nurse of Romulus and Remus. She was devoted to larentalii holiday, celebrated in Rome on 23 December. Akkad (Agade), an ancient city in Mesopotamia, to the southwest of modern Baghdad. The exact location is unknown. In the 24-22 centuries. BC. e. center of the state, which included Mesopotamia and Elam. Title Akkad then switched to the entire northern part of South. Mesopotamia. Approx. 2200 BC. e. gutiyami defeated. ACKERMAN, the name of the city of Belgorod-Dniester until 1944. Akkerman Convention, between Russia and Turkey (07/10/1826, Ackerman). Complements the Bucharest World 1812. Turkey was obliged to respect the privileges of Moldavia, Wallachia and Serbia. Russia won the right to freedom of trade in Turkey and navigation in its waters. Acclamation (lat. Acclamatio - cry, exclamation), 1) the adoption or rejection of meeting any decision without a vote, on the basis of participants' reactions (replicas of applause et al.). 2) The adaptation of the organism to artificially created conditions. Sometimes the term "acclamation" is used as a synonym for "acclimatization". Acclimatization (from Lat. Ad - to, for, and climate), adaptation of living organisms to new conditions of existence, the new biocenosis. Acclimatization is the natural (animal migration, the transfer of plant seeds animals to new places, and so on. P.) And artificial (after the introduction of animals and plants). Organisms can acclimate to the new environment to give viable offspring. Applied to man acclimatization - adaptation to new climatic conditions. Accolade, see. Musical notation. Accommodation (from Lat. Accommodatio - a device prinorovlenie) in biology and medicine, the term is close to the term "adaptation" and is used in certain cases. Accommodation of the eye - the adaptation to a clear vision of objects at different distances from the eye; accommodation excitable tissues (nerve, muscle) - a device to act slowly increasing the strength of the stimulus, and others. Setups (fr. accompagnement, from accompagner - escort), 1) harmonic and rhythmic accompaniment of the main melodic voice. 2) Support of one or more instruments and orchestra solo part (singer, instrumentalist, choir, etc..). ACCORD (fr. Accord, letters. - Consent), in music - a combination of sounds of different heights, the sound is perceived as a unity. Sounds in the chord are located mainly in the third. Distinguish triad, seventh, nonakkord. LETTER OF CREDIT (from Lat. Accredo - trust), 1) the type of bank account, on which the non-cash payments. 2) The nominal security certifying the right of the person in whose name it is issued, get a credit institution referred to in its sum. ACCREDITATION, in international law - the procedure for appointing a diplomatic representative (or permanent representative of the state in any international organization). The term "accreditation" is also used against journalists covering certain international conferences, meetings of heads of state, as well as the representatives of the foreign companies operating in the other. State. Accretion disk, differentially rotating disk around a celestial body formed in the process of accretion of matter with a large (relatively to the body) angular momentum. Because of friction between adjacent layers substance accretion disk gradually settles on attracting body (ie. N. Accretion disk). Accretion disks found around white dwarfs and neutron stars in binary star systems. Accretion (from Lat. Accretio - increment increase), the fall of the substance on the outer body under the action of gravity. Accretion accompanied by the release of gravitational energy. Efficiency of energy during accretion onto neutron stars ten times more than in nuclear reactions. Acculturation (Eng. Acculturation, from Lat. Ad - to and cultura - education, development), the process of interaction of cultures, the perception of one nation in whole or in part other cultures. People. BATTERY (from Lat. Accumulator - collector), energy storage device with a view to its subsequent use. 1) Electric battery converts electrical energy into chemical energy and as needed provides the inverse transformation; used as an independent source of electricity (eg., transport). 2) Hydraulic (pneumatic) accumulator accumulates fluid (gas) coming from the pump (compressor), and gives it to the moment of the greatest expenses; is used to equalize the pressure or flow of liquid (gas) in hydraulic and pneumatic systems. 3) The heat accumulator stores heat (eg., By raising the steam pressure in the boiler), which can be spent (with decreasing pressure) for covering the thermal load peaks. 4) Inertial battery converts the work of external forces into kinetic energy and then using it most often as such a battery is used rotating flywheel. BATTERY, a group of similar electric batteries connected electrically and structurally to obtain the necessary current and voltage values. ACCUMULATION (from Lat. Accumulatio - picking up a bunch of accumulation), 1) the process of accumulation at the surface of unconsolidated mineral and organic sediments. Distinguish between volcanic and sedimentary accumulation (see. Sedimentation). 2) accumulation (accumulation) capital - the transformation of the surplus value into capital. Exactly Valentin (b. 1909), the polar navigator, navigator of the USSR honored. In polar aviation since 1934. He participated in expeditions Papanin, search Levanevskogo SA and others. The author of the textbook on navigation, the creator of a new method of piloting on t. N. conditional meridians. Akkurgan, city (1980) in Uzbekistan, Tashkent region., 16 km from the railway Art. Kuchlug. 10.8 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Acmeism (from the Greek. Akme - the highest degree of something blooming force), in Russian poetry during the 1910s. (SM Gorodetsky, MA Kuzmin, early NS Gumilev, Anna Akhmatova, Osip Mandelstam); announced the release of symbolist poetry impulses to the "ideal" of the ambiguity and fluidity of images, complicated metaphorical return to the material world, the subject (or the element of "nature"), the exact meaning of the word. "Earth" poetry acmeism peculiar individual modernist motifs tendency to aestheticism, chamber or poetizatsii primordial human feelings. Ak-mosque, the name of Kyzyl-Orda in Kazakhstan in 1820-53. Acmite (from the Greek. Akme - tip), mineral, brown needle aegirite species. Akmola (Kazakh. - Akmola) (in 1961-92 Tselinograd), a city in Kazakhstan, Akmola oblast center., At p. Ishim. Railway junction. 286 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Engineering and metalworking (plants: "Kazahselmash" pump, Car Repair et al.), Food, light industry; production of building materials, 4 university theater. Local History and Fine Arts Museums. Founded in 1830 as a fortress Akmola. Akmola Oblast, Kazakhstan. 155.1 thousand. M2. The population of 794 thousand. People (1991), urban 57%. 6 cities, 12 urban settlements (1991). Adm. c. - Akmola. Akmulla Miftakhetdin (1831-95), Bashkir poet and educator; its artistic heritage and heritage of the Tatar and Kazakh literature. In verses express the ideals of goodness and justice, and ridiculed the vices of the nobility. Akmena (until 1917 the official name Okmyany), city (1956) in Lithuania. 3.6 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Known since the 16th AKOLLA (Acollas) Emile (1826-91), a French lawyer and politician. In the days of the Paris Commune, Dean, Faculty of Law, University of Paris. Works on the theory of law and civil law. Aconite (wrestler), a genus of perennial herbs of the family Ranunculaceae. Approx. 300 species in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Poisonous. Many are cultivated as ornamental aconite. The tubers of some species are used in medicine as an antipyretic and analgesic. Aconcagua (Aconcagua), the highest peak of the Andes and the entire South. America, in Argentina. 6960 m. The glaciers of up to 6 km. Hakob Hakobyan (1866-1937), an Armenian poet, the national poet of Armenia and Georgia (1923). Revolutionary fervor permeated the poem "New Morning" (1909). Poem "The gods spoke" (1922), "Shir-Channel" (1924), "Volkhov" (1925), poems. HAKOBIAN Haroutiun Amayakovich (b. 1918), entertainer, People's Artist of the USSR (1982). Acts since 1940 as an illusionist, a manipulator. HAKOBIAN Koryun H. (b. 1908), the Armenian architect, People's Architect of the USSR (1980). Residential buildings (1949), the stadium "Hrazdan" (1967-72, et al), SCC (1977-1983, with co-authors) - all in Yerevan. USSR State Prize (1987). ACOSTA (da Costa) (Acosta, da Costa) Uriel (c. 1585-1640), Dutch thinker freethinker Jewish origin. For speaking out against the dogmas of Judaism, the belief in the immortality of the soul was persecuted, committed suicide. AKP (Eng. Acre), a unit of area in the British measures. 1 acre = 4840 square meters. yards = 4046.86 m2. ACRI (Acre), a state in northwest Brazil. 154 thousand. Km2. The population of 417 thousand. People (1991). Adm. c. - Rio Branco. Acridine dyes, and yellow dyes, orange, acridine derivatives. Used for dyeing leather, paper, wood, and so on. G. Acrylic acid, CH2 = CHCOOH, colorless liquid with a pungent odor, boiling point 141 ° C. Used to produce polyacrylic acid and various copolymers of acrylates. Acrylic fibers, the same as polyacrylonitrile fiber. ACRYLIC PAINT (Varnishes) solutions of polyacrylates or their derivatives in the organic solvents. Form a light, weather and water resistant coatings with good adhesion to the metal. Used for corrosion protection of aluminum and its alloys; enamel paints based on acrylic paints - for finishing aircraft, automobiles and other. ACRYLONITRILE, CH2 = CHCN, colorless liquid, boiling point 77,3 ° C. Raw materials in the production of polyacrylonitrile, butadiene-nitrile rubbers, and ABS al. Copolymers. Akrta, free peasants, soldiers in the eastern Byzantine Empire, defending the borders against the Arabs and Seljuk Turks. ACROBATICS (from the Greek. Akrobateo - walk on tiptoes, climb up), 1) form of exercise such as gymnastics. 2) Genre circus arts (acrobatics power, hopping, etc.). 3) Sport (see. Acrobatics). Ackroyd (Ackroyd) Peter (b. 1949), English poet and prose writer. Novels "Great Fire of London" (1982), "English music" (1992), "The House of Doctor Dee" (1993). Biographical book about T. Chatterton, Charles Dickens, Oscar Wilde, TS Eliot, and others. Acrolein, CH2 = CHCHO, colorless liquid with a pungent odor, boiling point 52,7 ° C. Acrolein - raw material for many products of organic synthesis. Strong lacrimators. Acromegaly (from Greek. Akron - limb and megas, b. P. Meg-alu - large), an endocrine disorder caused by excessive production of growth hormone, mainly in the pituitary adenoma. Occurs predominantly after the growth of the organism: the increase in the limbs, lower jaw, and so on. D. Akron (Akron), a city in the northeast United States, pcs. Ohio. 223 thousand. Residents (1990, with the suburbs of 690 thousand. Inhabitants). Engineering, metalworking, chemical, tire, printing industry. University. Acropetally development (from the Greek. Akron - top and lat. Peto - rush), the development of branches, leaves and others. Parts of the plant in the direction from the bottom to the top, whereby the younger parts are located closer to the top, and old - to the base. Avg. Bazipetalnoe development. Acropolis George (1217-82), the great logothetes at the court of the Byzantine emperor; The author chronicles describing the events of the conquest of Constantinople by the Latins before the release of Michael VIII Palaeologus his (1204 to 1261), theological and rhetorical works. Acropolis (Gr. Akropolis), elevated and fortified part of the ancient Greek city, t. N. the upper town; Fortress (refuge in case of war). The most famous Acropolis in Athens Acropolis of Athens .---, fortified part of ancient Athens, where the main shrine of the city, famous for its iconic buildings of the classical period. History sozdaniyaAfinsky Acropolis, which is a 156-meter rocky hill with a flat apex (approx. 300 m long and 170 m wide) - site of an ancient settlement in Attica. In the Mycenaean period (15-13 cc. BC. E.) Is to strengthen the royal residence. In the 7-6 centuries. BC. e. on the Acropolis was conducted large-scale construction. When the tyrant Peisistratos (560-527) on the site of the royal palace was built the temple of the goddess Athena Gekatompedon (t. E. The temple length of one hundred steps, fragments of sculptures pediments, revealed the foundations). In 480 during the Greco-Persian wars of the Acropolis temples were destroyed by the Persians. Athenians made a vow to restore the shrine only after the expulsion of the enemies of Ellady.V 447 on the initiative of Pericles on the Acropolis began new construction; management of all the work was entrusted to the famous sculptor Phidias, which, apparently, was the author of the artistic program at the basis of the entire complex, its architectural and sculptural oblika.Propilei and the Temple of ApterosSvyaschennaya road that from the agora to the temple patron goddess moved during the the main holiday of the Great Panathenaea procession of Athenians leads to Propileyah having 5 passes in antiquity flanked by two equestrian statues of the Dioscuri. On the left, is their wing, located Pinakothek (a collection of paintings, Pinax brought a gift to the goddess Athena) was in the right repository of manuscripts and a room for the gatekeeper and watchmen. Right of propylene Pyrgos (speaking fortified rock) is a small, lightweight and elegant Ionic temple dedicated to Athena Nike, known as the Temple of Athena Nike (Wingless Victory, 443-420, architect Kallikrates) .ErehteyonPosle how participants of the procession were the Propylaea and entered the sacred territory, in front of them offering a panoramic view of the central part of the complex. In the foreground, slightly to the left of the road, rose a colossal bronze statue of Athena Promachos (Warrior), cast Phidias. Behind her away was visible Erechtheion (architect unknown), the temple of Athena and Poseidon on a dispute of the gods for the possession of Attica. The temple is unique in Greek architecture, an asymmetrical plan; three of its portico located on different levels: on the west side - the portico leading to the temple of Athena Polias (Urban), from the north - the entrance to the sanctuary of Poseidon-Erechtheus, the south wall of the temple - the famous portico caryatids; all building girded frieze with applied white pieces (not preserved). In Erechtheum, the oldest sanctuary of Athens, was sacred Xoanon Athens (wooden statue), according to legend fell from the sky, altars of Hephaestus and hero Bout tomb of the legendary king of Athens Kekropa, west adjoined Attic sanctuary of the goddess dew Pandrosus. In the courtyard of the Erechtheion grew a sacred olive tree donated by the city of Athens, beat salt source, who carved his trident Poseydon.Parfenon light forms, a special delicacy of decorative finish and complexity of composition of the small size Erechtheion contrasts with the strict and majestic, emphasized the monumental Parthenon (temple of Athena the Virgin ; 69.5 m in length and 30.9 meters in width, the height of the columns - 10.5 m; 447 - consecrated in 438; architect Iktinos involving Kallikrates), representing a Doric peripter. The building is perceived from propylene in three quarters - the audience saw not one of its facades, and the entire amount of equipment, to receive an idea of its appearance as a whole and before see the main, eastern facade, should bypass the temple snaruzhi.V the temple, in the naos stood hrisoelefantinnaya statue of Athena Parthenos (Virgin) by Phidias in opistodome kept sacred goddess of money and the treasury Delian League. In the pediments located sculptural groups depicting the most important events in the cult of Athens - her birth and the dispute with sea god Poseidon for possession of Attica. Reliefs on the perimeter metope building depicted mythological scenes of battles. Architectural details, sculptures and reliefs were brightly colored. Plan and a warrant decision Parthenon also differ from the traditional number of features: front SPLA was room - a girl's palace (Parthenon, lent its name around the temple), the wall BATNA walked Ionic frieze depicting the Panathenaic shestviya.Pered Parthenon, on the right side of the Propylaea, also located sanctuary of Artemis and Athena Bravronii Erg (Craft), storage of weapons and armor sacred - Chalkotheke (450). An open area of the Acropolis occupied Numerous altars and gifts to gods - statues, stely.K north-western slope of the Acropolis sided temple and a theater of Dionysus (6 in. BC. E. - Rebuilt in 326), the Odeon of Pericles (the round building for indoor music competitions) (2nd floor. 5 in. BC. e.), Theatre of Herodes Atticus (2 in. n. e.), the sanctuary of Asclepius, standing (portico) Evmena.Ansambl AkropolyaAkropol towers over all of Athens, it forms the silhouette silhouette of the city . Rising over the hill Parthenon in ancient times could be seen from any part of Attica, and even from the islands of Aegina and Salamis; swam to the shore Mariners from afar was seen shine spear and helmet Athens warrior. In ancient times, the sanctuary has been known not only as a famous cult center, but also as a monument of great art, confirming the glory of Athens as "the school of Hellas" and the most beautiful city. Sophisticated composition of the entire ensemble, perfectly found the overall proportions, flexible combination of different warrants, the finest architectural details and molding unusually precise their figure, a close relationship of architecture and sculptural decoration - make construction of the Acropolis the highest achievement of ancient Greek architecture and one of the most outstanding monuments of world art. Acropolis in subsequent periods in 5. The Parthenon was the Church of Our Lady, the statue of Athena Parthenos was moved to Constantinople. After the conquest of Greece by the Turks (15 in.), The temple was turned into a mosque, to which was attached the minarets, then - in the arsenal; Erechtheion became the harem of the Turkish Pasha, the temple of Athena Nike was dismantled from its blocks composed bastion wall. In 1687, after hitting a nucleus with Venetian ship explosion destroyed almost the entire central part of the temple of Athena the Virgin, when an attempt to remove the Venetians Parthenon Several statues were smashed. In the early 19th century. Englishman Lord Elgin broke the Metop series, dozens of meters of the frieze, and almost all the surviving sculptures pediments of the Parthenon, the Caryatids - from the portico Erehteyona.Posle independence of Greece during the restoration work (mainly in the context. 19 in.) as possible was restored ancient appearance Acropolis: eliminated all the later building on its territory, re-posted temple of Athena Nike, and so on. n. The reliefs and sculptures of the temples of the Acropolis are in the British Museum (London), the Louvre (Paris) and the Museum of the Acropolis. Remaining open-air sculpture replaced now kopiyami.Literatura: Kolobov K. ancient city of Athens and its monuments. L. 1961.Sokolov GI Acropolis in Athens. M., 1968.Pavsany. Description of Greece. SPb., 1996.V. E. Suslenko acrostic (Greek. Akrostichis, letters. - Kraestishie), a poem in which the first letters of the verses (lines) form a word or phrase (often the name of the author or recipient of the poem). Acroteria (Gr. Akroterion), sculptural decoration (statue, palmette) was placed over the corners of the pediment architectural structure. Acrocyanosis (from the Greek. Akron - limb and cyanosis), bluish color of extremities, mainly in disorders of blood circulation. AKSAI (until 1968 the village. Kazakhstan), a city in Kazakhstan, West Kazakhstan region. Railway station (Kazakhstan). 20.8 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Plants: brick, kombaynoremontny. AKSAI, city (1957) in the Russian Federation, Rostov region., At p. Don. Railway station. 33.6 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Chemical, glass, canning industry. Elder (from Turk. Ak - white and Sakal - beard), head of the family, the elder, the venerable man in Wed. Asia and the Caucasus. Aksakov Alexander (1832-1903), the Russian scientist, his nephew ST Aksakov. Laid the foundation for the study of occult phenomena in Germany and Russia, especially mediumship and spiritualism (essay "animism and spiritism", vols. 1-2, 1890). Published in Leipzig magazine "Psychische Studien" (1874-99). Aksakov Ivan S. (1823-86), Russian writer and public figure. Son STAksakov. One of the ideologists of Slavophilism. Editor of "Day", "Moscow", "Russia", the magazine "Russian conversation" and others. In 1840-50-ies. advocated the abolition of serfdom. During the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-78, the organizer of the campaign for the liberation of the Slavs from the Turkish yoke. Aksakov Stanislavski (1817-60), Russian writer, historian, linguist and poet. Son STAksakov. One of the ideologists of Slavophilism. Advocated the abolition of serfdom, while maintaining the monarchy. Aksakov Nikolai Petrovich (1848-1909), Russian Orthodox theologian, historian and canonist. Works justifying the need for change in the Russian Church. Committee member of St.. Synod to prepare the church council. Aksakov Sergei T. (1791-1859), Russian writer, corresponding member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1856). In the autobiographical book "Family Chronicle" (1856) and "Children of Bagrov-grandson" (1858) - Panorama "manor" life con. 18 in., The formation of the child's soul, soulful poetry of nature. "Notes on angling fish" (1847), "Notes of a rifle hunter ..." (1852). A AKSAKOV. F. cm. Tyutchev AF Aksakov, urban village in the Russian Federation, Bashkortostan. Railway station. 2.6 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Klimatokumysolechebny resort. Near Aksakovo estate was STAksakov. Axum (from the Greek. - Of the six strings), ancient thick fleecy fabric handmade silk spinning and gold or silver thread. Aksamit resembles velvet. Known in Russia since ancient times, it was imported from Byzantium. Accelerator control the amount of combustible mixture fed into the cylinders of the internal combustion engine. Designed to change the engine speed (the speed of transport vehicles). ACCELERATOR (from Lat. Accelero - accelerating) (accelerator), an economic measure of the relationship between the increase in the national income (or final products) and the volume of investment. It is used in the construction of macroeconomic models of economic growth, together with the multiplier. Acceleration (aktseleratsiya) (from the Latin. Acceleratio - acceleration), 1) in developmental biology - acceleration of the formation of the individual parts of the embryo at a certain stage of development (eg., The early development of the mouthparts in fish and tailless amphibians, providing their food after the exhaustion of stocks yolk) . 2) Anthropology - acceleration of growth and puberty, children and adolescents compared to previous generations. Observed in developed countries last 100-150 years. ACCELEROMETER (from Lat. Accelero - accelerates and ... meter), a device for measuring accelerations (overload) aircraft and others. "Axel Springer Verlag AG" (Axel Springer Verlag AG), newspaper and publishing concern in Germany, the largest in Western . Europe. Founded in 1947 by Springer AG, Hamburg. Since 1970 Joint Stock Company. Knots (it. Achselband), textile braided line (gold, silver or color) with metal tips. Aglet first introduced in the armies of Zap. Europe in the middle. 17 in., In Russia - 1762. In Russian and foreign armies belonging uniforms aides, officers of the General Staff and the gendarmes. In the armed forces of several countries - belonging dress uniform personnel mouth guard of honor and participants of military parades. AKSELROD (Axelrod) Julius (b. 1912), American pharmacologist. Investigated the mechanism of action of substances that block the nerve impulse in the synapses. Nobel Prize (1970, together with B. Katz and W. Euler). AKSELROD (literary pseudonym. Orthodox) Love Isaakovna (1868-1946), Russian philosopher and literary critic. Since 1892 a supporter of the Marxist group "Emancipation of Labour", 1903 Menshevik, in the beginning. 1917, a member of the Central Committee of the Mensheviks. Works on the history of German philosophy, criticism of neo-Kantianism and Empiric. In the last years of his life engaged in the sociology of art. AKSELROD Pavel Borisovich (1850-1928), member of the Russian revolutionary movement. From the beginning. 70s. populist, a member of the circle "Tchaikovsky". In 1883, one of the founders of the "Emancipation of Labour". Since 1900 member of the editorial board of "Iskra". Since 1903 one of the leaders of the Mensheviks. October 1917 revolution met with hostility; emigrated. One of the leaders of the 2nd International. AKSENENOK Georgy (1910-89), a Russian lawyer, member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1966). Proceedings on the land and collective-farm law. Vasily Aksenov (b. 1932), the Russian writer. Son E. Ginsburg. One of the leaders of t. N. confessional prose, using urban youth slang: the story "Colleagues" (1960), the novel "Star Ticket" (1961). Irony and satire in the novel "Overstocked Packaging Barrels" (1968). Experimental novel "The search for the genre" (1978). Since 1980 lives abroad. Novels "Burn" (1980), "The Island of Crimea" (1981), the novel, a book about America, "In Search of Melancholy Baby" (1986). Aksenov Vladimir (b. 1935), a Russian cosmonaut, Soviet cosmonaut (1976), twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1976, 1980). Flying a "Union-22" (September 1976), "Soyuz T-2" and orbital station "Salyut-6" (June 1980). AKSENOVA Ogdo (Evdokia Egorovna) (b. 1936), Dolgan poetess. Collector of national folklore. Collection of lyrical poems "Baraksan" (1973), "Patterns tundra" (1976, both with translation into Russian). ACCESSORIES (fr. Accessoire), membership of anything; the accessories that accompany anything important, anything related items (in the theater - Accessories - objects or props props in the visual arts - secondary, auxiliary parts of the image; toilet accessories - items that complement the suit). AKSY Solovetsky Kashkarensky (17 in.), Reverend. Memory in the Orthodox Church, 9 (22) August (the Cathedral of the Solovetsky saints). Axinite (from the Greek. Axine - ax in the form of crystals), mineral, borosilicate, Ca2 (Fe, Mn) Al2 [BO3] [Si4O12] (OH). Reddish, purple and others. Crystals, friends, mass. The hardness of 6.5-7; density approx. 3.3 g / cm3. It occurs mainly in the contact-metasomatic and hydrothermal deposits. AXIOLOGY (from the Greek. Axia - value and ... logy), the teaching of values. AXIOM (Gr. Axioma), provisions adopted without logical proof by virtue of immediate credibility; true to its original position theory. Axiomatic method, a method of constructing a scientific theory in the form of a system of axioms (postulates) and inference rules (axiomatic) by allowing logical deduction receive approval (theorem) this theory. ACSYS, cloven-hoofed animals of the deer family. Length 1.5 m, height up to 1 m. India, Sri Lanka, south-east. Asia. Acclimatized in a number of places in Australia, South. America and others. It lives in the woods. 2 subspecies in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Axolotl larva tailed amphibians - ambistom; the ability to reproduce (see. neoteny). Under natural conditions, sometimes turns into the adult form. The object of experimental work.
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