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Armor Academy them. Marshal Malinovsky, founded in 1932 in Moscow. Preparing command and staff and engineering staff. Military Academy of the General Staff of Armed Forces, founded in 1936 in Moscow on the basis of operational faculty of the Military Academy. MV Frunze. Training personnel for operational and strategic level and for research work. Military Academy. MV Frunze, founded in 1918 in Moscow as the Academy of the General Staff Military Academy from 1921 Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army. Until 1936 the supreme command staff prepared (at the operational departments) and medium chain of command. Since 1936 prepares Military Command-staff personnel tactical profile. Military Academy. Dzerzhinsky, founded in 1820 as the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy in St. Petersburg, 1938 in Moscow. Preparing a military command and engineering personnel of various specialties. Military Academy of Telecommunications. Marshal Budionov, founded in 1932 in Leningrad. Prepares commanders and military engineers, signalers. Military Logistics and Transport Academy, founded in 1918 in Petrograd. Trains specialists for all branches of the Armed Forces. MILITARY ACADEMY OF CHEMICAL PROTECTION them. Marshal Timoshenko, founded in 1932 in Moscow. Trains specialists in anti-gas protection. Military Artillery Academy. Mikhail Kalinin, founded in 1953 in Leningrad at the Faculty of Military Academy. Dzerzhinsky, until 1960 - Military Artillery Command Academy. Prepares artillery team and engineering staff. Military veterinarians, veterinary care system of the armed forces; provides a performance troop of animals (horses, dogs), prevention of diseases of military personnel diseases common to humans and animals, as well as veterinary and sanitary supervision of the state of animal products entering the allowance troops. Military Gallery of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, the exposure of 322 portraits of Russian generals during the Patriotic War of 1812 and foreign campaigns of members of the Russian Army 1813-14. Open 25.12.1826 (01.06.1827). Artists: J. Doe, AV Polyakov, VA Golike. Military Border, border area with Turkey (part of Croatia and South. Hungary) as part of the Habsburg Empire, was formed in the beginning. 19 in. Ruled by the military, civil administration since 1873. The main population - Serbs and Croats, known as Granichar. In 1881 abolished. Military democracy, a term coined by LG Morgan to designate power of warlords while preserving the remnants of primitive collectivism and democracy on the stage of decomposition of primitive society (eg., The Greeks of the Homeric era society). In modern science, the concept of military democracy chiefdom near term. Military doctrine, belief system and regulations, sets the direction of military construction, preparation of the country and the armed forces for a possible war, methods of its conduct; produced by the political leadership of the state. War game, a form of training government troops (forces). Held on the cards. Maybe operational-tactical, operational, strategic, and others. Military colleagues in Russia, the highest central military authority in the 18th century. Established in 1717-20 instead of a series of military orders in order to centralize control of the military. In 1802-12 reorganized into the Ministry of War. Military Command Academy DEFENSE them. Marshal Zhukov, founded in 1956 in Kalinin (now Tver). Prepares the command staff for the Air Defense Forces. Military medicine, studying the theory and practice of public health and particularly the origin and flow of combat injuries and diseases of the armed forces; organizes medical care in the conduct of hostilities and the treatment and preventive maintenance of military personnel in peacetime. Military music, designed to perform brass band, trumpeter, drummer with army training, military and public ceremonies. In the past, used and hostilities. Military science system of knowledge about the preparation and conduct of the war. Military science is closely connected with special branches of various social, natural and technical sciences. Military organization "People's Will", the organization of the officers of the royal army and navy in 1880-83. Objective: To prepare a military coup. Head - Central Military Circle in St. Petersburg (AP Stromberg, NE Sukhanov), circles in 20 cities (approx. 400). Crushed by police leaders convicted on "process 14". MILITARY REFORM 1924-25, held in the Red Army under the leadership of Mikhail Frunze. Basic content: army reduced to 560 thousand. Man entered a mixed recruitment and territorial militia army unit, centralized controls, strengthened unity of command, adopted (1925) law on compulsory military service. Military secret information of a military nature, specially protected by the state; cm. as a state secret. The Air Force Academy. Yuri Gagarin, founded in 1940, township Monino, Moscow region. Prepares aviation command staff. Air Force Engineering Academy. NE Zhukovsky, founded in 1920 in Moscow. Prepares military engineers for the Air Force, as well as scientific and pedagogical staff. Air Force (Air Force) of the armed forces. Air Force a number of major states consist of strategic, tactical, military transport aircraft and air defense. In the United States Air Force also includes compounds of intercontinental ballistic missiles and military space systems. Military Medical Commission, in the Russian Federation shall be appointed consisting of several medical specialists to conduct military-medical examination. Military-medical examination, medical examination for military service and military personnel to determine their fitness for military service in the ranks of the army, navy or special combat arms. Georgian Military Highway, the historical name of the road Vladikavkaz - Tbilisi, 208 km. Laid across the Main Caucasian ridge. (Cross Pass) Russian troops in the context. 18 in. Message is opened in 1799. In the 20th century. reconstructed. Plot highways Beslan - Vladikavkaz - Tbilisi - Gyumri - Yerevan. Tourism. Martial arts, theory and practice of preparation and conduct of military operations on land, sea and air; theory of military art - part of military science. Martial law, a special legal regime in the country or in its separate parts, usually mounted decision of the supreme body of state power in exceptional circumstances (war, natural disaster, etc.). When martial law all the functions of public authorities on issues of defense, public safety and national security are transferred to military authorities. The order of administration, and the martial law regime established by law. Military Engineering Academy. Kuibyshev, traces its history from the Main Engineering School, founded in St. Petersburg in 1819 and reformed in 1855 in Nicholas Academy of Engineering, 1932 in Moscow. Prepares military engineers. Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Signal Corps in St. Petersburg (Lenin Park), founded in 1756 in St. Petersburg. St. 476 thousand. Storage units in t. H. Guns, cold steel and firearms, banners; materials on the history of Artillery, Engineer and Signal Corps. MILITARY HISTORY INSTITUTE, a research institution in Moscow. Established in 1966. Military Medical Academy. SM Kirov. Founded in 1798 in St. Petersburg. Prepares military and naval doctors. Military monastic order, see. Spiritual knightly orders. Naval Academy. Admiral Kuznetsov. Founded in 1827 in St. Petersburg. Prepares command personnel and naval engineers. NAVY (Navy; in some states - Navy), branch of the armed forces. Navy consists of the types of forces: submarines, naval aviation, surface ships, coastal missile and artillery troops and Marines. MILITARY scientific societies, voluntary organizations officers and students (cadets) of military schools. Military service in the Russian Federation citizen, consisting left the Armed Forces, as well as citizens of pre-conscription and conscription age in military records. Ossetian Military Road, the historical name of the road Kutaisi - art. Dargkoh. 275 km. Passes through the main Caucasian ridge. (Mamison Pass). Built in 1897. It consists of two roads: Vladikavkaz - Alagir - Mamison Pass (Russian Federation) and Mamison Pass - Kutaisi - Tkibuli - They (Georgia). Tourism. Prisoners of war in international law - persons belonging to the armed forces of a belligerent, including volunteer corps of partisans, members of the Resistance Movement and other combatants who fall into enemy hands. Prisoners of war are considered as some non-combatants (war correspondents, crew members of the merchant fleet, civil aviation and others.). Military regime captivity governed by the Regulations Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land (annexed to the 4th Hague Convention of 1907) and the 1949 Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. MILITARY APPLICATION Sports Exercise collective name, combinations thereof, taken from individual sports (athletics, swimming, skiing, etc..) And having a military-applied value. Military-Industrial Committee, an organization of Russian businessmen started in 1915 with the aim of mobilizing industry for military purposes. Contributed to the formation of state-monopoly capitalism. Military-industrial complex (MIC), a designation (owned by Eisenhower) emerged in a number of countries (USA, USSR and others.) During the 2nd World War and strengthened during the "Cold War" alliance of the military industry, military and related them part of the state apparatus and science. The scale of the military industrial complex and the measure of its impact on domestic and foreign policy - an expression of a certain militarization of the country. Military Revolutionary Committee (MRC) in Russia, fighting body to the Council of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies in October 1917 - March 1918, supervised the preparation and conduct of the October Revolution. Servicemen citizen in active military service. Sukhumi Military road, the historical name of the mountain section of the road Stavropol - Sukhumi, crossing the main Caucasian ridge. (Klukhori pass): Cherkessk - Federal District - Madzharka (on the Black Sea highway), 349 km. Built in 1894. Entrances to Pyatigorsk (91 km), Dombayskoy clearing (7 km). Tourism. Military-technical sports, the collective name sports that combine general physical and technical training athletes and military have practical value. To the military-technical sports include species of sport aviation, automobile, motorcycle, radio sport, shooting, motorboat, underwater, etc. Military transport aircraft, the type of military aircraft, part of the Air Force. Designed for transporting airborne troops, troops, weapons delivery and other supplies, evacuation of the wounded and sick. Military educational institutions, institutions of professional military training for the armed forces. In Russia, appeared in the late. 17 - early. 18th centuries. Until 1917, there were military academies, military schools for the training of officers, cadet, officer school in the army and the navy officer classes, school military paramedics et al., As well as during the 1st World War II - the school warrant. In the Russian Federation in military schools include military academies, higher military schools, military institutions, military departments under some civilian universities (medical, financial), refresher and advanced officers, secondary military school, Suvorov and Nakhimov schools. Military school, educational private secondary schools for the children of the propertied classes in Russia. Created in 1863 on the basis of the cadet corps (6 classes, from 1873 - 7). Educational program is close to the rate of real schools. In 1880 it was ok. 30 high schools and military Progymnasiums. In 1882, newly converted to the cadet corps. Military money, paper money issued as an indispensable means of circulation and payment by the military authorities of the state (coalition of states) in the occupied country. "MILITARY FRIENDS" secret revolutionary society in Lithuania a separate building in 1825. Associated with the Decembrists and the Polish patriotic society. Leaders - CG Igelström, MI Rukevich, AI Wegelin. In December 1825 tried to disrupt the oath of Nicholas I. In 1827, a military court in Bialystok has sentenced 13 people to death, commuted to various terms of hard labor. Military commissars, 1) Representatives of the Communist Party and the Soviet government in parts (the ships), institutions, formations of the Armed Forces during the period (with breaks) 1918-42. 2) The heads of the local military command and control in the Russian Federation. Military settlements, a special organization of troops in the Russian Empire in 1810-57 to reduce military spending. Combined military service with farming. Imposed on public lands Petersburg, Novgorod, Mogilev, Kherson and other provinces. Since 1817 superior AA Arakcheev. Drill, brutal regime regimentation of life caused insurrection Chuguyivske 1819 Novgorod 1831 and others. War criminals, organizers, instigators, leaders, artists and partners of war crimes, crimes against peace and humanity. Types and compositions of these crimes and punishments are defined in the Charter of the International Military Tribunals. Individual criminal responsibility of war criminals set a number of international treaties and agreements, and for some types of war crimes - national criminal law. By war criminals are not subject to any statute of limitations, they are not entitled to asylum. War criminals to be issued. 1810-12 military reform, carried out in the Russian army under the leadership of Minister of War General M. Barclay de Tolly in preparation for the coming war with Napoleonic France. Basic content: increasing the number of the army; the introduction of the body of the organization; reorganization of the Ministry of War; compilation "Institutions for the management of the Army Great" in 1812 (1st position on the field control of troops); the formation of military headquarters. MILITARY REFORM 1860-70-ies. in Russia, carried out under the supervision of the minister of war DA Milutin. Main content: replacing conscription vsesoslovnoy conscription (1874) and the creation of a mass army; adopt a new army rifles; the establishment of military districts; improve combat training (new regulations) and officer training (military school, military and cadet schools). MILITARY REFORM 1905-12, held in the Russian army after the defeat in the Russian-Japanese war. Basic content: reduced life; rejuvenation of the officers; improving the capacity for mobilization army; new regulations. Military experts (military experts), generals, admirals, officers and officials of the old Russian Army and Navy, raised to serve in the Red Army during the Civil War (of approx. 75 thousand. People). Military ID, in the Russian Federation document issued by the Military Commissariat of the citizens with the call to active military service or for admission to the reserve (retired). Military blocs, military and political alliance or agreement states the purpose of joint actions to address common political, economic and military tasks. "Military magazine", the name of three Russian magazines of the 19th century. on military theory and history. "War Journal" was published in St. Petersburg: in 1810-11 and in 1817-19 on a monthly basis, in 1827-1859 in 6 books a year. Military commissariat (draft board), a body of local military administration in the Russian Federation. Knows the military mobilization and accounting recruiting work. "War Communism", the internal policy of the Soviet state in the Civil War. The policy of "war communism" was aimed at overcoming the economic crisis and was based on theoretical ideas about the possibility of direct introduction of communism. Main features: nationalization of all large and medium industry, and most of the small businesses; food dictatorship, requisitioning, direct exchange of products between town and country; replacing private trade state distribution of products along class lines (card system); naturalization of economic relations; labor conscription; equalization of pay; military writ management system throughout the life of society. After the war, many actions of the workers and peasants against the policy of "war communism" has shown its complete collapse, in 1921 introduced the New Economic Policy. Military District, a territorial association Military units and formations, military schools and various local military institutions. Headed by the commander of the Military District. The division of the country into military districts is practiced in many countries. Military Band, see. Brass Band. "Military Collection", Russian monthly military magazine. Published in St. Petersburg (Petrograd) in 1858-1917. Since 1862 the body of the War Ministry. The military council, a collective body of troops in the leadership of the Armed Forces, military districts (fleets), groups of forces, armies, fleets, and others. Chairman of the Military Council is the appropriate command. Permanent Military deliberative councils exist in the higher military authorities in many countries. Chiefdoms, shape tribal organization in the era of the expansion of primitive society. Management tribe or confederacy of tribes in the tribal chiefdom performed or military leadership, headed by hereditary chiefs. See. Also Military democracy. Vozha lake in the north of the Vologda region. 416 km2. The depth of up to 4.5 m. Stoke by p. Svid in the lake. Lacha. WHO, see. World Health Organization. AGENT electric machinery, equipment, supply current of the field winding of the electric machine. As originators of electric generators used AC and DC and special transformers. Excitation in biology - the reaction of living cells on the impact of various factors external and internal environment. Upon excitation of a living system goes from the relative physiological rest to activity. At the heart of the excitation are complex physical and chemical processes. Most fully studied excitation in nerve and muscle cells, where it is accompanied by the emergence of propagating action potential - the nerve impulse. The ability of cells to excitation is called excitability. Avg. Braking. Excited states of a quantum-mechanical system, the unstable state with an energy exceeding the energy of the ground state. Exponentiation, algebraic action, is to multiply the number of (a) on itself several (n) time: a • a • ... • a = AN. Ex. 34 = 3 • 3 • 3 • 3 = 81. RETURN metals partial restoration of structural perfection and properties (particularly, ductility) and the deformed metal alloys are heated below the recrystallization temperature. Distinguish 2 stage return - Holidays and polygonization. Recurring sequences (recurrent sequence), the sequence a1, a2, ..., satisfying the relation of the form an + p + c1an + p-1 + ... + cpan = 0, where c1, c2, ..., cp - permanent. Backcrossing (backcrossing), crossing hybrid (animal or plant) of the first generation of one of the parental forms to identify the genotype. Relapsing fever lousy (epidemic, Europe), acute infectious disease of man from the group spirochetosis. The flow in the form of attacks (chills, fever, joint pain and sacrum) alternating with remissions. Transmitted by lice. TICK relapsing fever, an acute infectious disease of humans with severe natural foci; refers to a group spirochetosis. Transmitted by ticks. Clinically similar to relapsing fever lousy. Sublime, aesthetics category, which characterizes the inner significance, the greatness of objects and phenomena. Became widespread in the aesthetics of 18th - early. 19th centuries. In antiquity, the sublime ("high") - a special style of oratory (essay Longinus' On the Sublime, "1. N. E.). Upland, parts of the earth surface is raised relative to adjacent areas or neighboring parts of the bottom of the reservoir (seamounts). On land elevations usually referred to areas with an altitude greater than 200 m. Sublimation, the same as sublimation. ELEVATION, one of the twelve great religious holidays, established in memory t. N. Exaltation in the 4th century. in Jerusalem over the crowd of believers cross on which, according to tradition, Jesus Christ was crucified. Believers celebrated 14 (27) of September. AIR gas mixture, consisting of the earth atmosphere: nitrogen (78.09% by volume), oxygen (20.95%), noble gases (0.94%), carbon dioxide (0.03%); total weight approx. 5,2.1015 m. Density 1.2928 g / l, the solubility in water 29.18 cm3 / liter. Due to the oxygen contained in the air, it is used as a chemical agent in various processes (combustion of the fuel, the smelting of metals from ores, industrial production of many chemicals). Oxygen produced from air, nitrogen, noble gases. Used as refrigerants, heat, electricity and sound-insulating material; compressed air - the working fluid in the pneumatic devices, eg., car tires, inkjet and spray devices. The air required for the life of most living organisms. Industrial development, transport contributes to air pollution, ie. E. To increased levels of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases. The system of measures to protect the environment are important sanitary control of air quality, thorough cleaning and decontamination of industrial gases before being discharged into the atmosphere, removal of industrial enterprises outside of residential areas, and others. (See. The Nature Conservancy). Blowers, used for compression and supply of air or other gas. According to the degree of compression distinguish fans and compressors. Sometimes called blowers blowers or blowing devices. Aeronautics (aeronautics), flying on lighter-than-air (balloons). At the beginning of aviation, the term "ballooning" refers also to the flying machines heavier than air (airplanes, gliders). Air handling, air treatment to give it the qualities that meet the technological and sanitary requirements: cleaning the air of dust, harmful gas impurities and odors, heating (or cooling), drainage (or moisture), the addition of oxygen, aromatic substances. It is used in air heating systems, ventilation, air conditioning. Air heater, heat exchanger for heating the air passing through it. It is used in air heating systems, ventilation, air conditioning, in boilers and CHP industry. Air curtains, air flow direction, the feed system of local ventilation, which prevents access to the premises of the external cold air (hot or polluted air from process plants) through door openings or technological. Airbag, air plenum between the base of the machine (eg., A hovercraft) and the bearing surface between the movable and fixed elements of mechanisms (eg., Air bearing), in devices (eg., Gyros). Aerial surveying, mining - to establish the nature of the distribution of mine air to develop the mine (or section of the mine), and places the value of leakage. Anemometers produced and combined with micromanometer vozduhomernymi tubes. Airways (airway), the space above the surface of the earth in the form of a corridor, in which operations are conducted, and the provision of aerodrome ground aids. Airborne Troops (VDV), the genus of ground troops destined for dropping (landing) from the air in the rear of the enemy and the conduct of hostilities. Airborne consist of airborne, tank, artillery, self-propelled artillery and other units. Air heating, space heating supply them heated air. Distinguish air heating system: recirculation (which used air returns to the air heater for reheating) and combined with ventilation. Air law, the body of law (national and international) governing the use of airspace, aircraft movements and messages. In the field of air law operates a significant number of international bilateral and multilateral agreements. The most famous Chicago Convention in 1955, aimed at strengthening the security of international air services. By air law include the Convention on the fight against the hijacking of civilian aircraft and others. Jet engine (WFD), the jet engine, used to compress the fuel oxygen atmosphere. By the method of air compression distinguish Turbocharged (TRD), pulsed (PuVRD) and straight-through (ramjet) engine. Air baths, views aerotherapy: dose-air naked body, protected from direct sunlight. Air masses, large homogeneous (in the horizontal direction) of the troposphere. Separated by atmospheric fronts. The system of the general circulation of the atmosphere air moves integrally defining a substantially weather conditions. Distinguish mass Arctic (or Antarctic), polar, tropical and equatorial air. Air basin, the airspace within the territory of the village or industrial enterprise. The upper limit of the air basin conventionally considered to be passing over the tallest building or structure.
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