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Vladislav Serbian (d. 1239), Prince, founder of the monastery in Mileshevo, son of St.. Stephen Serbian. Memory in the Orthodox Church on September 24 (October 7). Vladislavlev Alexander Pavlovich (p. 1936), Russian statesman. In 1990-91 Vice President of Scientific and Industrial Union of the USSR. In 1992-95 Vice-President of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs. In the 1989-91 People's Deputies. Vladislavlev (pres. Fam. Gulbinsky) Ignatius Vladislavovich (1880-1962), a Russian bibliographer. Reference Indices "Bibliographic yearbooks. 1911-14, 1921-1924" (1912-27), "Literature of the great decade. 1917-1927" (1928) and others. Vladislavlev Mikhail Ivanovich (1840-90), the Russian philosopher, author of works in logic, psychology, history of philosophy. Professor (since 1868) and Rector (1887), St. Petersburg State University. Translator "Critique of Pure Reason" Kant. Vladislav, the city Kudirkos Naumiestis in Lithuania before 1934. Vladislav Vladimir Alexandrovich (1891-1970), Russian actor, People's Artist of the USSR (1967). On the scene since 1912. From 1933 at the Maly Theater. USSR State Prize (1948). VLADOMIRSKY (pres. Fam. Maleyka) Vladimir I. (1893-1971), the Belarusian actor, People's Artist of the USSR (1955). Since 1924 the Belarusian Theater. Kupala (Minsk). THE LORD, in an appeal to the Russian bishop. Humidity content of water vapor in the air; One of the most essential characteristics of weather and climate. Quantitatively, the humidity can be determined by the elasticity of steam, absolute humidity, relative humidity, lack of humidity, dew point. Vlaminck (Vlaminck) Maurice de (1876-1958), French painter. The representative of Fauvism. Dynamic, hard-color contrasting landscapes ("mahogany", 1906). Lev Vlasenko (b. 1928), the Russian pianist, teacher, People's Artist of the USSR (1991). 1st prize at the International Piano Competition. Franz Liszt (Budapest, 1956), 2nd prize at the International Competition. Tchaikovsky (Moscow, 1958). Professor of the Moscow Conservatory (since 1976). Vlasov Alexander (1900-62), a Russian architect. Chief architect of Kiev (1944-50) and Moscow (1950-55). Supervised Downtown buildings in Kiev (1945-47 project, construction since 1947) Stadium. Lenin in Moscow (1955-56). Lenin Prize (1959), the USSR State Prize (1950). Anatoly Vlasov (1908-75), the Russian physicist, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. Major works on plasma theory, proposed an equation, named after him. Lenin Prize (1970). Andrei Andreyevich Vlasov (1901-46), Lieutenant-General (1942). Since 1920, the Red Army. During the Great Patriotic War and the army corps commander, deputy commander of the Volkhov Front, commander of the 2nd Shock Army (Volkhov Front), which happened in the spring of 1942 in the environment. Was captured, headed "Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia" (ACPD) and "Russian Liberation Army" (ROA), composed of prisoners of war (ROA officers and soldiers were called "Vlasov"). In May 1945 captured by Soviet troops. According to the verdict of the Military Collegium of the USSR Supreme Court hanged. Valentin Vlasov V. (b. 1947), the Russian biochemist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1990). Basic studies on chemical modification of biopolymers (mainly RNA), developing reagents and methods of bioorganic chemistry. Vasily Vlasov Z. (1906-58), the Russian scientist, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1953). Major works on structural mechanics, strength of materials, theory of elasticity and others. USSR State Prize (1941, 1950). Vladimir Vlasov (1902 / 03-86), composer, People's Artist of Kyrgyzstan (1946) and Russia (1973). One of the founders (together with VG Fere and A. Maldybaev) Kyrgyz professional musical theater. Opera "Aichurek" (1939) and "Manas" (1946) (both with them the same), the ballet "Assel" (1966). Vlasov Kuzma A. (1905-64), the Russian geochemist, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1953). Proceedings of the Research pegmatites and rare earth elements. USSR State Prize (1967, posthumously). Vlasov Yuri Petrovich (b. 1935), the Russian sportsman (weightlifting), Honored Master of Sports (1959), publicist. Olympic champion (1960), multiple world champion, Europe and the Soviet Union (1959-64), multiple world record holder in the heavyweight division. Books: "Myself overcome" (1964), "Justice forces" (1989), "Cross Fire" (1991) and others. Whipworm HUMAN worm class nematode parasite mainly in the cecum person. Trichocephalosis causes. The length of the male 30-40 mm, females 35-50 mm. Tongs, a family of parasitic insects of the order Mallophaga. The length of 0.8-10 mm, no wings. St. 200 species. Live in the fur of mammals, eating horny parts of the skin; some it gnaw. Some species are associated with certain host animals. VLASOKRYLYE, the same as the caddis flies. Vlastar Matthew (d. C. 1360), the Byzantine canonist, a monk in Thessaloniki. Author Syntagma - the most complete set of Canon Law of the Eastern Church, which appeared in 1335 and was soon translated into Serbian. POWER, in a general sense and the ability to exert a decisive influence on the activity, the behavior of people using any means - will, authority, rights, violence (parental authority, government, economic, and others.); political domination, the system of state bodies. Vlore (Vlora), a bay of the Adriatic m., Off the coast of Albania. The length of 17.5 km, depth up to 51 m. Port - Vlora. Vlora, the city and port in Albania, on the Adriatic m., The administrative center of Reti Vlora. 68 thousand. Inhabitants (1987). Food, chemical, cement industry. Removal of bitumen and petroleum products. Fishing. INFUSION in medicine - jetting or drip solution into a blood vessel, subcutaneous tissue, peritoneal or pleural cavity, bronchial tubes, joint, bone for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. Komsomol, see. All-Union Leninist Young Communist League. Vlodavets Vladimir Ivanovich (1883-1992), a Russian geologist, petrography, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (1947), Professor (1953), Honored Scientist of Russia (1964). Major works on volcanology. Founder and first director of the Kamchatka Volcanological Station of the USSR (1935). The author of "Handbook of volcanology." Wloclawek (Wloclawek), a town in Poland, a port on the Vistula River, the administrative center of Włocławek Voivodeship. 122 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Chemical, machinery, pulp and paper, food industry. VLTAVA (Vltava), a river in the Czech Republic, a left tributary of the river. Labe (Elbe). 446 km, the basin area of 28 thousand. Km2. Average water consumption in Prague 142 m3 / s. Navigable for 84 km. Reservoir hydroelectric power plants. On the Vltava - Prague. Imputation Theory, bourgeois economic concept, according to which one part of the product and its cost are due to the work, and the other - the capital, is identified with the means of production. Developed by F. Wieser, J.. B. Clark et al. Based on the theory of marginal productivity (see. Performance theory), denies the exploitative nature of capitalist profit. Sanity, a condition in which a person is able to realize the value of the acts committed by them and guide them. Sanity or insanity of the offender, determined by the court on the basis of the forensic psychiatric examination. In establishing the court limited responsibility is taken into account when sentencing. The man declared insane, exempt from criminal liability. WMO, see. World Meteorological Organization. Extraterrestrial astronomy, explores the space objects using the equipment installed on rockets, artificial Earth satellites, space stations and placed outside the earth's atmosphere to eliminate atmospheric interference. Extra-atmospheric astronomy allowed to conduct astronomical research in the whole range of electromagnetic waves. Illegitimate children, children born of a father and mother who are not among themselves establish a formal marriage. According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, children born out of wedlock have the same rights and obligations in relation to parents and their relatives, as well as children born in registered marriage, if the origin of the children from these parents set as specified by law. Extragalactic astronomy, the branch of astronomy that studies celestial bodies (stars, galaxies, quasars, and others.), Outside our solar system - the Galaxy. Sudden outbursts, spontaneous instant destruction of part of the formation of minerals (coal, rock salt, sandstone, etc.) Under the influence of mining operations at the mine. Accompanied by the ejection of minerals and increased gas emission in mining. Extraterrestrial society of intelligent beings, who, according to modern scientific ideas, can exist outside the Earth (possibly on planets orbiting distant stars). Reliable data on the detection of extraterrestrial life is not. Ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized eggs develop outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. Leads to the expulsion of the ovum through the free end of the fallopian tube into the peritoneal cavity (tubal abortion) or rupture of the pipe (accompanied by intraperitoneal bleeding, shock). Treatment operative. Outside working hours, time, not labor employment in social production. Includes: free time spent on spiritual development, recreation, entertainment, sports, and time spent traveling to work (there and back), recovery of strength and satisfaction of physiological needs (sleeping, eating), homemaking and personal farms and t. n. Common Units, physical units are not included in any of the systems of units. Examples: horsepower, millimeter of mercury and so on. N. Extracurricular institutions, state and public institutions of extracurricular work with children and young people - children's centers (curricular, educational work and aesthetic education, sports and recreation, and others.); children's parks and towns; Sports school, young technicians, young naturalists station; camps, organizing children's rest; children's clubs, children's libraries, children's theater, etc.. external friction, see. Friction external. Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission (VTAK), see. The arbitral tribunal. Foreign economic relations, economic interaction between states, based on the international division of labor. Include cross-country movement of goods and services, financial and human resources, technology, management experience and scientific information flows, foreign tourism. The leading place in the system of foreign economic relations engaged in foreign trade. An important role in the development of foreign economic relations play a modern scientific and technological progress, the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide. EXTERNAL DEVICES computers (peripherals), input-output devices, printing, storing and transmitting information related functionally to the CPU in accordance with the structure of the computer (or computer system). EXTERNAL CORNER triangle (polygon), the angle formed by one of its sides and the continuation of the adjacent side. External memory computers, storage devices, large (up to several GB) capacity (mainly on magnetic tapes, disks, drums, optical disks), of which the necessary information is entered into the computer during the execution of a program. Foreign trade, trade in one country to other countries, an integral part of foreign economic relations. Divided into export (export) and import (import) goods. The sum of exports and imports of foreign trade turnover of forms. Foreign trade is based on the international division of labor. The totality of foreign trade of the world - international trade. Vneshtorgizdat, publishing and printing association. Founded in 1922, Moscow. Foreign Trade and Tourism advertising, technical documentation for exports to the Russian and foreign languages; import and export of printing services. ATTENTION, concentration and focus of mental activity to a particular object. Distinguish involuntary attention (passive) and arbitrary (active) when the choice is made the object of attention consciously, deliberately. Features attention: stability, volume (number of objects that can be perceived by man and sealed in a relatively short time), distribution (the ability to simultaneously hold in the consciousness of objects of different activities), the ability to switch. Vnukovo, urban-type settlement in the Russian Federation, Moscow region. Railway station (airport). 13.8 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Near Vnukovo - one of the main airports of Moscow. Internal friction 1) properties of solids irreversibly absorb mechanical energy generated by the body when its deformation. Internal friction is shown, eg., In the attenuation of free oscillations. 2) liquids and gases is the same as viscosity. Inner ear system of communicating, fluid-filled canals and cavities in the cartilage or bony labyrinth in vertebrate animals and humans. Located in the inner ear is often perceived hearing and balance - snail and the vestibular apparatus. Inland Sea (Setonaikai National Park), in the sea strait between the islands of Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku (Japan). Connected with the Pacific approx. Bungo Straits and Kia, with the Japanese m. - Strait. Shimonoseki. An area of 18 thousand. Km2. The greatest depth of 74 m. Fishing. The main ports - Kobe, Osaka, Moji, Shimonoseki. Internal diseases, diseases of the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, renal, metabolic system of the connective tissue and blood, whose treatment is carried out general practitioners. The same name is the main clinical science studying these diseases (see. Therapy). INLAND WATERWAYS (in international law), all waters within the territory of the State (except for its territorial waters), rivers, lakes, canals, straits reservoir t. D. Internal waters are considered as inland seas bounded on all sides by land, part of the territory of one country. The inland waters include sea water (water ports, bays, inlets) of the baseline of the territorial waters of the State towards the coast. Internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, maintain public facilities of special importance, special cargo, correctional labor institutions and others. In accordance with the law involved in the maintenance of public order (at public events, natural disasters, fires, and so on. N.). Inland sea, the sea, deep into the land jutting out into the ocean and communicating or adjacent sea straits. Depending on the hydrological regime are divided into inland and mezhmaterikovye (eg., Mediterranean, Red) Sea. Interior plains, the system meridional valleys between the Andes, Patagonia and the Brazilian Highlands in the South. America, 10 to 39 ° S. w. Height of 50 m in the east to 600 m in the west. In the north - subequatorial savanna forest and savanna in the center - tropical forests, in the south - subtropical savannas, prairies and steppes. The domestic market, the sphere of circulation of goods within the national economy. See. The market also. "Home front", one of the largest underground anti-fascist organizations in Nazi Germany. Created in 1941 by the German Communists, foreign workers deported to Germany, Soviet prisoners of war. Led anti-fascist propaganda, organized sabotage in industrial plants, shoots. The main core of the Nazis destroyed in 1942, some groups operated until May 1945. The intrinsic geometry of surfaces, a set of those of its geometric properties, which can be obtained only by means of measurements on the surface without reference to the ambient space. Eg., Plane geometry - the internal geometry of the plane. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, see. Inner Mongolia. Inner speech, 1) speech, addressed to himself, and so on. N. internal program statements can not be realized in oral speech. 2) articulatory movement No sound ("internal recitation"). The study contributes to the understanding of inner speech patterns of thinking and its relationship with the speech. Domestic trade, industries, realizing commercial products in the domestic market. Internal inflection, expression of grammatical meanings by using alternations in the root, eg .: Russian "gather" (perfective verbs) and "collect" (imperfective verbs), the German trinken - "drink" and trank - "drinking". Word s inner form, word form, reflecting his motivation other linguistic elements, and thus explain its semantic structure. The inner form of the word "seventy" clear, t. To. Relies on the word "seven" and "ten", the inner form of the word "marriage" (marriage) in modern Russian forgotten, t. To. Has not correlated with the word "take" . The internal energy of the body is made up of the kinetic energy of the molecules of the body and their structural units (atoms, electrons and nuclei), the interaction energy of atoms in molecules, and so on. D. In the internal energy does not include the energy of motion of the body as a whole and the potential energy, which can have a body in any field of force (gravitational, magnetic, and others.). Chelate compounds, the same as the chelate compound. Intracrystalline field inhomogeneous electric (less magnetic) field existing inside the crystal and acting on the electrons and atomic nuclei. Electric crystal field may exceed 108 V / cm. Downhole deceleration blasting method consisting difference (at intervals of a few thousandths of a second) of the dispersed parts initiating explosive charge in a borehole. Improves the quality of rock crushing blast. Intertropical convergence zone, in the atmosphere of the tropics near the equator, trade winds between the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The width of a few hundred kilometers. By weakening the trade winds is different wind speeds and the intensive development of convective clouds from which heavy rainfall. To suggestion (suggestion) 1) in psychology - the impact on individuals, leading either to the appearance of a person against his will and consciousness of a certain state, feelings, attitudes, or to commit any act of man, not directly resulting from the accepted norms and principles of their activities. The object of suggestion can be both individual and group, groups, social strata (mass suggestion). 2) In medicine - a method of psychotherapy - purposeful verbal impact on the psyche of the patient for therapeutic purposes. Held in the waking state and hypnosis. Vo Van Kiet (b. 1923), chairman of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam since 1991. Since 1991, Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers. Since 1982, the manual gearbox Vietnam. VO (Waugh) Evelyn (1903-66), English writer. Satirical moralist conservative orientation (novel "Vile Bodies", 1930, "A handful of dust", 1934 "Unforgettable", 1948); astute psychologist (novel "Brideshead Revisited", 1945). Consistently denying the foundations of modern bourgeois society, in search of the ideal turned to religion and culture of the past as the center of the virtues of immutable and eternal spiritual values. Trilogy "Honorary sword" (1952-61; Russian translation, titled "The officers and gentlemen", 1977) of the 2nd World War, ridiculing cumbersome military-bureaucratic machine of the "Old England". Autobiographical novel "The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold" (1957). IN TI KONG (Vo Chi Cong) (p. 1913), chairman of the State Council of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam with 1987-92. In 1978-87 Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Since 1976, the manual gearbox Vietnam. Vaughan Williams (Vaughan Williams) Ralph (1872-1958), English composer, teacher. One of the founders of the modern British school of composition. Opera "Hugh-drover" (1914), 9 Symphony (1909-58), 3 "Norfolk Rhapsody" for symphony orchestra (1906), "Tallis Fantasia on a Theme" for double string orchestra (1910, 2nd edition 1919) choirs, religious writings. VOAPP (All-Union Association of Proletarian Writers Association), created in the USSR in 1928. The basis of association - RAPP earlier name VAPP (the All-Russian Association of Proletarian Writers, founded in 1921). Print media: "On the literary post", "October", "Young Guard". Existed before 1932. Vauban (Vauban) Sebastien Le Prêtre de (1633-1707), a French military engineer, Marshal of France (1703), Marquis. Laid the scientific foundations of fortification, built and rebuilt St. 300 castles, developed a method of gradual attack of fortresses, one of the founders of mine blasting business. Essays on military engineering and economics. Roach, semi-anadromous fish of the carp family. Length 35 cm, weighs up to 800 m living in the Caspian. Spawning in rivers. Target species. Roach Konstantin G. (1876-1947), the Ukrainian economist, statistician, ekonomikogeograf, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1919). Major works on economic and industrial development geografichekomu Ukraine and Poland, migration, domestic and foreign trade, economics, insurance. Vauvenargues (Vauvenargues) Luc de Clapier (1715-47), the Marquis, a French writer, moralist, a friend of Voltaire. In his "Aphorisms" as opposed to a pessimistic assessment of the person at La Rochefoucauld tried to give a more positive image of the human passions and actions. Vovchok Marco (pres. Name and fam. Maria A. Vilinska-Markovic) (1833-1907), Ukrainian and Russian writer. Democratic ideas permeated collections of "Ukrainian Folk Tales" (vols. 1-2, 1858-62), "Tales from the Russian national life" (1859); story "schoolgirl" (1860). VOSGES (Vosges), the mountains in the north-eastern France. The length of 160 km. Height up to 1423 m. Steeply to the Upper Rhine ism. Beech, fir and spruce forests; in the valleys - agriculture. National Reserve Markstein. Concave curve, see. Convexity and concavity. Voguls (vogulichi, gogulichi), formerly known as Mansi. Vogulsk principality see. Pelym. Eugene Melchior de Vogue (1848-1910), French writer and historian of literature, foreign corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1889). Storybook "Russian heart" (1893), the drama of the history of Russia; in the book "Russian Romance" (1886) opened the Western European reader significance of the Russian classics. Water, H2O, odorless liquid, taste, color (bluish in thick layers); density of 1.000 g / cm3 (3,98 ° C), m.p. 0 ° C, boiling point 100 ° C. One of the most common materials in nature (hydrosphere occupies 71% of the surface of the Earth). Water plays a vital role in the geological history of the planet. Water can not exist without living organisms (approx. 65% of the human body is water). Water - a mandatory component of virtually all processes both industrial and agricultural production. Water purity is needed in the production of food and medicine, new industries (semiconductors, phosphors, nuclear engineering), in chemical analysis. The rapid growth of water consumption and increased water requirements determine the importance of the tasks of water treatment, water treatment, pollution and depletion of water bodies (see. The Nature Conservancy). Water (Wotan), see. One. VODGEO, Research Institute for water supply, sewerage, waterworks engineering and hydrology, organized in 1934 in Moscow. Research and development on water management industry and cities. Vaudeville (fr. Vaudeville, from vau de Vire - River valley. Vire in Normandy, where in the 15th century. Were common folk songs-vodeviry), 1) the type of "sitcom" with songs, verses, songs and dances. Originated in France; from the beginning. 19 in. received a pan-European distribution. The flowering of Russian vaudeville - 1820 - 40-ies. (AA Shakhovskoy, DT Lensky, PA Karatygin, FA Koni NA Nekrasov et al.). Classics of the genre - E. Scribe, EM Labish. 2) The final couplet song in the play-vaudeville. VODZHINIT, mineral tantaloniobatov group (Ta, Nb, Mn, Sn, Fe) 2O8. Red-brown to black crystals grain. The hardness of 5.5-6; density approx. 7.3 g / cm3. Occurs in rare metal granite pegmatites. Tantalum ore. Wodzislaw Slaski (Wodzislaw Slaski), a town in Poland, in the territory of the Upper Silesian coal basin. 112 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Coal mining. Vodka, liquor, a mixture of purified ethyl alcohol (40-56% by volume) with water, treated with activated charcoal. Vodlozero, in south-eastern Karelia. The area of 334 km2 and an average depth of 3.1 m. In 1935 Vodlozero was turned into a reservoir to regulate the flow of rivers and Vama Dry Vodla arising from Vodlozero. Fishing. VODNIK (Vodnik) Valentine (1758-1819), Slovenian poet, educator. Publisher of the first newspaper in the Slovenian language "Ljubljana News" (1797-1800). Collection of patriotic poems "Poetic experiments" (1806), "Songs of the People's Militia" (1809). Water legislation, a set of legal rules governing the relations connected with the use and protection of water resources. Water polo, sports team play with a ball on the water - in a rectangular pool (30x20 m, depth of not less than 1.8 m); playing, swimming, tend to throw the ball into the opponent's net. The first competition held in London (1869). Water Polo Committee was created in 1926 when the International Amateur Swimming Federation. In the program of the Olympic Games since 1900, the World Championships in 1973, Europe in 1926.
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