- 736 Просмотров
- Обсудить
ФИЛОСОФИЯ \ ЭТИКА \ ЭСТЕТИКА \ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ \
РИТОРИКА \ КРАСНОРЕЧИЕ \ РИТОРИЧЕСКИЙ \ ОРАТОР \ ОРАТОРСКИЙ \
ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКАЯ РИТОРИКА ( 1 ) ЦИЦЕРОН ( 1 ) ФИЛОСОФ | ПСИХОЛОГ | ПОЭТ | ПИСАТЕЛЬ
ДОБАВИТЬ САЙТ (БЛОГ, СТРАНИЦУ) В КАТАЛОГ БЕЗ РЕГИСТРАЦИИ И БЕСПЛАТНО
( ADD YOUR WEBSITE WITHOUT REGISTRATION AND FREE )
ПОДАТЬ ОБЪЯВЛЕНИЕ БЕЗ РЕГИСТРАЦИИ И БЕСПЛАТНО
( POST FREE ADS WITHOUT REGISTRATION AND FREE )
Van, a city in eastern Turkey, on the eastern shore of the lake. Van, the administrative center of Van il. 153 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Flour, cement industry. Appeared in the 1st millennium BC. e. as ancient Armenian city, up to 6 in. BC. e. - Tushpa, which was the capital of the state of Urartu. In the 11th century. captured the Byzantine Empire, in the 17th century. - Turks. Van (Van), endorheic salt lake in eastern Turkey. Located in the Armenian highlands at an altitude of 1720 m. Approx. 3.7 thousand. Km2, depth up to 145 m. Along the coast of Van - volcanoes and Mount Süphan Nemrut. Fishing, salt production, shipping (steam railway line Ankara - Tabriz). VAN, the title of the rulers of states and principalities in China and Korea in antiquity and the Middle Ages. Van Allen (Van Allen) James Alfred (b. 1914), an American astrophysicist. As the principal investigator of the space program, carried out on an artificial earth satellite "Explorer 1" discovered (1958), a high-energy charged particles forming the radiation belts around the Earth ("Van Allen belts"). Wang Anshi (1021-86), Chinese reformer; in 1070-74 and 1075-76 First Minister. Introduced a system of government loans to peasants, was replaced by a mercenary army army, completed by conscription, trying to regulate market prices. Most of the reforms was abolished in 1085. Van Basten (Van Basten) Marco (p. 1965), a Dutch footballer. European Champion 1988 Winner of the European Cup (1989, 1990) in the team, "Milan" (Italy), winner of the Cup Winners' Cup (1987) in the team, "Ajax" (Netherlands). Recognized as the best player in Europe (1988, 1990, 1992) Van Buren (Va Buren), Martin (1782-1862), the 8th President of the United States (1837-41), the Democratic Party. In 1829, Secretary of State, in 1833-37 vice president. Wang Wei (701-759 or 699 or 761), a Chinese painter and poet. The founder of Chinese monochrome landscape painting, using tonal possibilities mascara. In lyrical landscapes created sublime generalized images of nature. In verses noted subtle colors and shades of nature. Social motives expressed in the dreams of the perfect state. WANG Guowei (1877-1927), a Chinese historian and philologist. Writings on ancient Chinese epigraphy and others. Van Gogh (van Gogh) Vincent (1853-90), Dutch painter, representative of post-impressionism. Passionate emotion, ostrodramaticheskoe perception of life, social protest inherent art of Van Gogh, expressed them in the 1st floor. 80s. in the works, aged in gloomy tones, imbued with sympathy for the working people; 1888 created the tragic images in painfully intense, extremely expressive manner, built on contrasts of color, gusty rhythm, dynamics at the free pasty smear ("Night Cafe", 1888; "Landscape at Auvers after the Rain", 1890). Taejo of Goryeo (877-943), the first ruler (van) in the 918-943 Korean Koryo. Van Damme (Van Damme; pres. Fam. Varenburg van, van Varenburg) Jean-Claude (b. 1961), Belgian actor. Lives and works in the United States. Karate champion nicknamed "The Muscles from Brussels". Made his film debut in the French film "Rue Barbara" (1983). In Hollywood, starred in demonstrating his skill in martial arts - "Predator" (1987), "Black Eagle" (1988), "Kickboxer" (1989), "Universal Soldier" (1992), "Hard Target" (1993 ), and others. Van Dyck (Dyck, van) Anthony (1599-1641), Flemish painter. He has also worked in Italy and England. Trainee PP Rubens. Virtuoso on painting, restrained in color ceremonial aristocratic and intimate portraits ("Charles I on the hunt", 1633; G. Bentivoglio portrait, c. 1623) are remarkable subtle psychological and noble spirituality; religious and mythological compositions in the spirit of barokko.VAN Dyck (Van Dyck, Dijk) Anthony, (March 22, 1599, Antwerp - December 9, 1641, London), Flemish painter, one of the founders of the front of the aristocratic portrait 17 v.Otlichayas showed early talent, enviable operability and admired by its contemporaries "easy" hands Van Dyck created many paintings on religious and mythological subjects, in high demand at the church and secular customers. However, his real vocation was the art of portraiture. Son of the Antwerp merchant, a man by nature restless, ambitious and extravagant, Van Dyck was attracted to luxury, to the royal court to the life of aristocrats. Characters in his formal portraits of different inner nobility and aristocratic refinement and yet live harakternostyu.Ranny Antwerp during a 10-year old Van Dyck was given to the training of Antwerp to the painter H. van Balen, and in 1618 accepted into the guild of painters St. Luke. Working in the studio of Rubens, he was from 1617 began to cooperate with him in carrying out certain orders, already in his early works sought to move away from direct imitation of the famous teacher and techniques to achieve a more independent pictorial solutions ("Drunken Silenus", approx. 1618-20, Royal Museum Fine Arts, Brussels, Picture Gallery, Dresden; "Samson and Delilah", c. 1620, Pinacoteca Dalvichskogo college, London; "St. Martin and the poor", c. 1620-21, Zaventem, Parish Church, Windsor, royal Castle ) .Portrety early Antwerp period, depicting the noble citizens, their families, artists with their wives and children, marked by strict simplicity, sincerity ("Family Portrait", between 1618 and 1619, the Hermitage; Cornelis van Gest, Antwerp patron, friend and customer of Rubens, ok.1620, National Gallery, London; the painter Frans Snyders and his wife Marguerite de Vos, Frick Collection, New York, Isabella Brant, the wife of Rubens, c. 1620-21, National Gallery, Washington) .Italyansky period in 1621-27 Van Dyck visited Italy. His stay in Genoa, Rome, Venice, Milan, Palermo, accompanied by active study Italian painting, especially Titian, and was triumphant stage in the development of his portraiture. External representation combined with internal spirituality in the portrait of the scientist and diplomat Cardinal Guido Bentivoglio (c. 1623-24, Pitti Gallery, Florence) .Poselivshis 1624 in Genoa, the artist becomes a popular portraitist largest aristocratic families of the city. It creates a brilliant situational portraits, paintings, in which the proud old men, noble gentlemen, slender woman in a heavy, rich dresses with long trains presented at full length on the background of purple drapes and massive columns luxurious palaces of Genoa ("Marquis Ulena Grimaldi", National Gallery, Washington, "Paola Adorno, Marquis Brignole Sale," Frick Collection, New York; "Paola Adorno and his son", National Gallery, Washington; "Equestrian Portrait of Antonio Giulio Brignole Sale" Palazzo Rosso, Genoa; "Marquise Balbiani" Metropolitan -museum; "family Lomellino", National Gallery, Edinburgh; "Old Senator", "old senator's wife", Art Gallery of Berlin-Dahlem) .Vtoroy Antwerp period (1627-1632) during this period, which coincided with the time of the foreign diplomatic activities Rubens Van Dijk almost becomes the first artist in Flanders; He appointed one of the Spanish court painter namestnitsy Isabella. Masterfully executed large altarpieces for different churches and paintings on mythological subjects combine the tradition of Rubens and Titian influence. Canons of baroque compositions sometimes retreating in front of the lyrical plan, are subject to all visual tools ("Rest on the Flight into Egypt", the beginning of the 1630s., Alte Pinakothek, Munich). More decorative written on the same subject paintings from the Hermitage, commonly known as the "Madonna of the Partridges" (early 1630s.). However, in the mature works of Van Dyck's portraits are still present. Among them, the front door image Dowager Archduchess Isabella in the garb of the Order of St. Clara (c. 1628, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna), Hendrik van den Bergh, Field Marshal of the Spanish troops in the Netherlands (c. 1628, Prado), representatives of the noble families of Flanders and Brabant (Portrait of Maria Luisa de Tassis gallery Liechtenstein, Vaduz) dignitaries and burghers, and less showy, but full of natural life portraits of friends and acquaintances, especially fellow artists - Flemish artists Gaspar de Cryer (ibid), Hendrick Snyers (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), Martin Reykarta (Prado), philologist and publisher of Jan van der Wouter (Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow), a Jesuit and geographer Jean Charles de la Faye (1624 Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Brussels). In numerous self-portraits, Van Dyck creates romanticized image of the artist - minions sudby.Raznoobrazie inherent characteristics and etchings, published in 1627 amounted to "iconography" - a collection of etchings, portraits of famous contemporaries (of 100 Images master personally made 16, for the rest, he gave preliminary sketches). English period in 1632, at the invitation of King Charles I of Van Dyck went to England, becomes the "master painter in the service of their Majesties' gets a title of nobility, and a gold chain knight. His dreams come true. Shortly before his death, thanks to his marriage to Mary Ruthven, a young maid of honor of the Queen, Van Dijk enters the ranks of the English aristocracy. He wrote many portraits of the king, queen and their children; honor to pose for him all seeking higher obschestvo.V numerous portraits (Philip Wharton, 1632, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Thomas Wharton, the end of the 1630s., Hermitage; George Digby and William Russell, c. 1637, a collection of Spencer, Althorp, Arthur Goodwin , 1639, a collection of the Duke of Devonshire, Derbyshire), recreates the atmosphere of the English court, the high aristocracy of images combined with their emotional sophistication. Originality of design is different portrait of Charles I (c. 1635, Louvre): the principles of the front image revealed here as if easing into a more intimate interpretation, the king is depicted in a landscape in the elegantly casual pose behind a servant holds a thoroughbred horse. Overall, however, a formal portrait of the English period, acquiring the features of a cold representation, external decoration, it appears symbolic and allegorical aksessuary.Po According to the French writer Roger de Peel, "Van Dyke has created an incredible number of portraits, on which at first worked with great care, but little -pomalu began to hurry up and write in a hurry. "Based on the story of a friend of Van Dyck Cologne banker Eberhard Yabaha known that he worked on several portraits, giving the customer a day not more than an hour and leaving the execution of clothing, arms, accessories, background, his pomoschnikam.V Antwerp. The last years of his life during his work at the English court, he twice returned to Antwerp, where he wrote portraits officials received from the Antwerp Guild of the title of "honorary dean", which was previously awarded only Rubens, and after the death of Rubens in 1640 tried to complete his great historical paintings for the Spanish King Philip IV. In his later years Van Dyck was captured ambitious project of large-scale decorative works - a series of tapestries for Whitehall Palace in London, the Louvre paintings main galleries, which made two trips to Paris. However, having failed in these designs, the patient he returned to London, and soon died. According to his will, he was buried in the Cathedral of St. London. Paul. References: Warsaw M. I .: Van Dyck. Paintings in the Hermitage. L. 1963.Smolskaya NF Anthony van Dyck. M .; L. 1963.Gritsay NI Anthony van Dyck. M., 1979.Braun K. Van Dyck: Trans. from English. M., 1987.Larsen E. L'Opera Completa di van Dyck. Milano, 1980. V. 2.T. Kapterev P. Van Dongen (van Dongen) Keys (1877-1968) was a French artist. Dutchman by birth. Adjacent to Fauvism, in the 1900s. famous temperamental, colorful paintings depicting dancers, ladies demi, women's portraits. Wang Ling GUAN (Chin. Wonderful official Wang), Chinese deity - the keeper of the entrance. Put his statue at the entrance to the temple, in the myths he guards the palace Jade Emperor. Wang Mang (45 BC. E. - 23 BC. E.), The Emperor of China with 9 n. e. (as a result of a palace coup). Tried to reform (elimination of private ownership of land, the prohibition of sale of slaves and others.). Wang Ming (Chen Shaoyu) (1904-74), Chinese statesman, member of the Politburo and secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1931-45. In 1931, Acting Secretary General of the CPC Central Committee. Van Sant (Van Sant) Gus (b. 1952), American film director. He worked in advertising, is engaged in painting. In the movie started with the low-budget experimental films, which drew the attention of critics. Movies "Drugstore Cowboy" (1979), "My Own Private Idaho" (1991), "Even cowherd is sad" (1994) received recognition at international film festivals. In 1995 delivered the first big-budget film "To Die For ...". Wang Xianzhi (? -878), One of the leaders in the Peasants' War of 874-901 in China. In 878 his army defeated, he died. VAN SYAONUN (1857-1918), a Chinese actor and playwright. He played in various theaters in the country. The best part - the poet Li Bai in the play "Wandering Emperor." Author of the plays "Crying in the ancestral temple," "Presenting the card," a dramatic series "Three curse" and others. In 1912 he participated in the "Society for the Reform of drama" in Tianjin. Wang Tao (1828-97), one of the ideological predecessors of the reform movement in China (see. "Hundred Days' Reform"). Translator and publicist. Proceedings of the political system of Western countries. Served with a program to encourage trade and industry. Van Tieghem F. EL see. Tieghem FE L. van. Van Vleck (Van Vleck) Hazbruk John (1899-1980), American physicist. Proceedings of the quantum theory of magnetism and solid. Nobel Prize (1977, together with F. Anderson and N. Mott). Wang Hai, the king of ancient Chinese Yin-Shang period. Depicted holding a bird in both hands. VAN Heise (Van Hise) Charles Richard (1857-1918), an American geologist. Major works on the Precambrian Canadian Shield and the problems of metamorphism. Wang Chong (27 - c. 104), Chinese philosopher. Main essay "Weighing reasoning" ("Lun Heng") combines the ideas of Confucianism and Taoism, imbued with rationalism and criticism of religious prejudice, contains the theory of three types of human nature: good, evil, combining good and evil. Wang Shu, in Chinese mythology the celestial Charioteer, carrying the moon. WANG Shuhe (210-285), a Chinese doctor. In the book "On the pulse" (Vol. 1-10, 280) stated the doctrine of its diagnostic and prognostic value. Wang Shuhe work formed the basis of the teachings of Ibn Sina's pulse. Van Eyck (van Eyck), Dutch painters, founders of the Dutch art in the 15th., Brothers: 1) Hubert (c. 1370-1426) may have started "Ghent Altarpiece". 2) Yang (c. 1390-1441), whose art is based on the concept of the unity and harmony of the universe, innovatively reflected the diverse beauty of the real world and man. By applying a new technique of oil painting, convincingly conveyed the illusion of light-filled space of the objective world. Religious paintings, portraits ("Ghent Altarpiece", finished in 1432, the portrait of the couple Arnolfini, 1434), miniatures. Wang Yangming (Wang Shouzhen) (1472-1529), Chinese philosopher neokonfutsianets, writer and statesman. Proceeded from the unity of knowledge and action in moral behavior and argued that knowledge is determined by moral standards, innately inherent in man. His teachings spread in Korea and Japan. Vanag (Vanag) Julius (1903-86), the Latvian writer. Collection of lyrical poems "deep plowing" (1950), "Bitter Flowers" (1960), "Poetry" (1973), "Remember, my youth" (1976); play. Metal vanadate, vanadium acid salt is not isolated in the free state, for example. sodium vanadate NaVO3. Vanadates - intermediates in the production of vanadium component glasses, glazes, laser materials, and other crystalline phosphors. Reagents in analytical chemistry. Used in analytical chemistry. NATURAL vanadate, a group of minerals, salts ortovanadievoy acid H3 (VO4). Ok. 50 minerals. Island structure, chain, layered. Yellow, red, brownish-red powder, raids, less crystals. Hardness 1-4; density of 2.5-7 g / cm3. Vanadium ore, uranium sometimes. Vanadium ore, the main minerals: vanadinite, dekluazit, kuprodekluazit, carnotite. Magmatic deposits, contact-metasomatic, hydrothermal. V2O5 content of the ore from 0.1-1.0 to 29%; impurity Fe, Ti, U, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mo, Al, P. Major mining foreign countries: South Africa, United States, Finland, Chile. Vanadium (lat. Vanadium), V, V chemical element of the periodic table, atomic number 23, atomic weight of 50.9415. Name from the Norse goddess of beauty Vanadis. Steel-gray solid metal. Density of 6.11 g / cm3, melting point 1920 ° C. Resistant to water and many acids. The Earth's crust is scattered, often accompanied by iron (iron ore - an important industrial source of vanadium). Alloying component of structural steels and alloys used in aerospace technology, marine shipbuilding, a component of superconducting alloys. Vanadium compounds are used in textile, paint, glass industry. VANADIUM OXIDE, V2O5, red or yellow-red crystals; mp 680 ° C. Poorly soluble in water. The catalyst in the preparation of the sulfuric acid component of special glasses, glazes and phosphors. Vanaprastha in ancient India, forest hermit third ashram life aria. VANAHALBY in Estonian mythology evil spirits of the forest, similar Slavic leshemu. Wangenheim Alex Feodosevich (1881-1942), a Russian meteorologist. The organizer and the first head (1929-35), the Hydrometeorological Service of the USSR; Holder (1930) Weather Bureau of the USSR (now Roshydromet). Vandalism, wanton destruction of cultural and material values. Vandals group of Germanic tribes. In North won 429-439. Africa and founded the early feudal kingdom. In the 455 sacked Rome, destroyed many monuments of ancient culture. By 534 State Vandals conquered Byzantium. Van de Graaff Generator, see. Art. Electrostatic generator. Petit war, the government of France against the royalist rebels in the western provinces of the country during the French Revolution and the Directory. Name in the Vendee department - the main foci in 1793. Along with the nobility and clergy participated in the riots of the peasantry. Vendée war reached a climax in 1793. A significant episode Petit Wars - Kiberonskaya Expedition 1795. Vendemiaire (from Lat. Vindemia - vintage), 1st month (September 22/23 - 21/22 October), French republican calendar (1793-1805) . VANDEMERSKY rebellion, an armed uprising of the French royalists (seeking to restore the monarchy) in Paris on October 3-5 (11-13 Vendemiaire) 1795. suppressed by General Napoleon Bonaparte. Vander (Wander) Karl Friedrich Wilhelm (1803-79), a German teacher. Advocated the creation of a single school for children of all classes. Works on the theory of pedagogy and textbooks. Van der Waals forces (van der Waals) Diederik Johannes (1837-1923), a Dutch physicist. Derived an equation of state for real gases (Van der Waals equation). Nobel Prize (1910). Van der Waals equation proposed by JD van der Waals (1873), the equation of state of a real gas account for the finite volume of the molecules and the presence of intermolecular forces of attraction; for one mole of the form: (p + a / V2) (Vb) V = RT, where: p - pressure, V - molar volume, T - absolute temperature, R - gas constant, a, and b - constants characterizing the interaction of molecules this substance. Van der Waals forces, intermolecular forces. Vandervelde (Vandervelde) Emile (1866-1938), a Belgian socialist reformer. Since 1900 the chairman of the International Socialist Bureau of the 2nd International. Member of Parliament since 1894. In 1914 he entered the government until 1937, and has repeatedly been the Minister (Foreign Affairs, Justice, and others.). Vendée, the department in western France, the center of the royalist uprisings during the French Revolution and the Directory. Vendome column, at the Vendome Square. Paris, set in 1806-10 (architects JB Leper and J. Gonduen) in honor of the victories of Napoleon I. According to the decree of the Paris Commune of 1871 destroyed as a symbol of militarism. Restored in 1875. Vendryes Joseph (1875-1960), a French linguist. Works under general and Indo-European linguistics, Latin, Greek, Celtic languages. Supporter t. N. sociological school. "Vanemuine" (Vanemuine), see. Estonian Theatre "Vanemuine". Vanya, city (1981) in Georgia, 19 km from the railway Samtredia node. 6.7 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Food industry. Garment factory. Theater. Museum. Remains of the ancient city (5-1 cc. BC. E.): Fortifications, cultural complexes, rich burial and others. Vani, in Japanese mythology god of the sea in the shape of a crocodile or shark, dangerous to humans. Vanillin, 3-CH3O-4-HOC6H3CHO, colorless crystals with a specific smell; mp 81-83 ° C. Contained in the fruits of vanilla. Synthesized from guaiacol and lignin. Vanilla - fragrance in food and perfume industry. Its mixture with powdered sugar (1: 100) is a vanilla sugar. Vanilla, a genus of plants of the orchid family. Terrestrial or epiphytic vines. Ok. 100 species in the tropics; cultured in the same place for several species of fruit containing vanillin. Vanin Vasily (1898-1951), Russian actor, director, People's Artist of the USSR (1949). On the scene since 1920. In 1924-49 in the Theater. Moscow City Council. Filmed in the movies: "Lenin in October", "Lenin in 1918", "Secretary of the Communist", "Valery Chkalov" and others. Professor VGIK (1949). USSR State Prize (1943, 1946, 1949). Vanin Stepan (1890-1951), a Russian scientist in the field of Forest Phytopathology and Wood, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences (1935), Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1948). In 1930 he created the first in the USSR in the department of Wood Forestry Academy. Works on the biology and physiology of wood-destroying fungi and drevesinookrashivayuschih, the study of physical, mechanical and chemical properties of wood. Author of the first textbooks on Phytopathology. USSR State Prize (1950). Vanin (Vanini) Giulio Cesare (pseudonym. Lyuchilio, Lucilio) (1585-1619), Italian philosopher pantheist, experienced a great influence John. Bruno; priest, accused of heresy and atheism and burned by the Inquisition. Vanin, urban-type settlement in the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk kr. Port in the Tatar Strait. Railway station. 21.6 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Timber Mill. Railway ferry Vanino - Kholmsk (about. Sakhalin). Vanichev Alexander Pavlovich (p. 1916), the Russian heating engineer, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1962). Proceedings on power plants, combustion theory and others. Lenin Prize (1957). Vankarem, a cape on the north-west of the Chukchi Peninsula. The main town - Vankarem. In 1934, the base of the Soviet pilots who saved the expedition members on ships which anchor near "Chelyuskin". Polar station (since 1934). Wankel ENGINE, rotary-piston internal combustion engine, the design of which was developed in 1957 by German scientist Wankel (F. Wankel). In the Wankel engine is 3-sided rotor (piston) rotates in the cylinder of a special profile. Rotor's edge cut off varying amounts of cells in which is usually for internal combustion engines processes. With the same power are 2-3 times smaller than reciprocating engines. VANCOUVER, a city in north-western United States, pcs. Washington, on the river. Columbia opposite Portland, which is associated with the bridge. 46 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Port available to ships. Non-ferrous metallurgy, wood processing. Manufacture of electronic components. In 1937, in Vancouver, completed a flight over the North Pole VP Chkalov, GF Bajdukov and AV Belyakov. VANCOUVER, city and port in Canada, on the Pacific approx. 472 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Wood processing, food processing, machine building (in Vol. H. Shipbuilding, production of equipment for forestry and mining) industry. University. VANCOUVER (Vancouver), an island in the Pacific approx., Off the coast of North. America (Canada). 32.2 thousand. Km2. Height up to 2200 m. Coniferous forests. Fishing. The main town and port - Victoria. Named for George. Vancouver. VANCOUVER (Vancouver), George (1757-1798), English navigator. Member of the 2nd and 3rd expeditions J. Cook (1772-79). In 1790-95 the head of world expedition, explored the Pacific coast of North. America. VAN MU SHICHZHE (Chin. Messenger Mother Mrs.), in Chinese mythology creature with the body of a bird and face girl maid Xi Wangmu. Bath furnace 1) furnace (flame or electric) for heating metal products in the liquid medium (eg., A molten salt) by thermal or chemical-thermal processing. 2) The melting furnace (mainly the flame), the workspace is elongated in the horizontal direction and is given a bath (eg., Tandem furnace, open-hearth furnace, reverberatory furnace). Vannikov Boris L. (1897-1962), Russian statesman, Colonel-General engineering and artillery service (1944), three times Hero of Socialist Labor (1942, 1949, 1954). Since 1937 Deputy Commissar, in 1939-41 People's Commissar of Defense Industry, in 1942-46 People's Commissar of ammunition, in 1953-58 the 1st Deputy Minister of Medium Machine Building of the USSR. USSR State Prize (1951, 1953). Vannovsky Peter S. (1822-1904), Russian statesman, General of Infantry (1883), honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1888). In 1881-97 the Minister of War, in 1901-02 Minister of Education, pursued a policy of tightening discipline in the schools. VAN Slyke (Van Slyke) Donald Dexter (1883-1971), American biochemist and analyst. Major works on the creation of methods of analysis. In 1910 he proposed a method for the quantitative determination of the amino group in aliphatic amines, named after him. Created a device for the quantitative analysis of gases in the blood and others. Liquids. Editor of "Journal of Biological Chemistry" (1914-25). Treaty of Wanghia 1844 between China and the United States. Signed on. Vansya approx. Macau. According to the US Treaty of Wanghia received in China the same privileges, which made the UK by the Treaty of Nanking in 1842 and 1843. The supplementary agreement GUY (Vantaa), a city in Finland, at p. Vantaa Joki. 147 thousand. Inhabitants (1987). Satellite city of Helsinki. Van't Hoff (van't Hoff) Jacob Hendrik (1852-1911), a Dutch scientist, one of the founders of stereochemistry, physical chemistry, foreign corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1895). Formulated the theory of spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules (1874). Discovered the laws of chemical kinetics and osmotic pressure in solutions. Laid (1886-1889) based on quantitative theory of dilute solutions. Nobel Prize (1901). Cable-stayed bridge, suspension bridge, in which the main supporting structure - farm - made of steel cables (PAST). Ventôse (from Lat. Ventosus - windy), 6th month (Feb. 19/20 - 20/21 March), the French republican calendar (1793-1805). Plunger (French. Ventjuse, from Lat. Ventjsus - windy) valve through which automatically removes air that accumulates at the highest point of water, heating and so on. N. GUY lines (from niderl. Want), 1) tackles the ship's rigging, raskreplyayuschie to the sides of the mast and the mast. 2) Flexible elements (stretching), usually steel cables for attaching the hanging structures of radio and so on. Vanua Levu (Vanua Levu), a volcanic island in the Pacific c., In the group of the Fiji Islands. 5.5 thousand. Km2. The population of St. 40 thousand. Man. Height up to 1031 m. Of an extinct volcano. The main city - Lambasa. Vanuatu Vanuatu (Republic of Vanuatu), the state on the islands new. Hebrides (Espiritu Santo, Ambrym, Efate, etc .; only approx. 80), in the south-western Pacific approx. 12.2 thousand. Km2. The population of 160 thousand. People (1993), mainly Melanesians. Urban population 18.4 (1989). Official languages - Bislama, English and French. Most believers - Presbyterians. Administrative divisions: 11 districts. Capital - Vila. Part of the Commonwealth. The head of state - the president. Legislature - unicameral National Assembly. Volcanic islands, mountainous (maximum elevation 1,810 m); ok. 60 volcanoes (in Vol. H. 10 actions). The climate is tropical humid. Monthly average temperatures 20-27 ° C. Up to 1000 mm of precipitation per year. Rainforests. The islands discovered by Spanish navigator P. Quiros in 1606; in the 70s. 18 in. J. investigated. Cook, who gave them the name of the new. Hebrides. Since 1906 a joint colonial possession (condominium) UK and France. In 1980, proclaimed the independence of Vanuatu. The basis of the economy - agriculture. Main crops - a coconut palm; cultivate the coffee, cocoa and cotton. Cattle ranching. Fishing. Logging. Production of manganese ore (on about. Efate). There are no railroads, highways length of 11 thousand km. (1984). Exports: copra, fish, cocoa, timber. Major trading partners: Japan, Australia, New msg. Caledonia. Currency - wool. Vanth in Etruscan mythology, god of death. Vanzetti (Vanzetti) Bartolomeo (1888-1927), an American revolutionary workers. Italian by birth. Falsely accused of murder executed. See. Sacco - Vanzetti process. Wanjia Qiao in Chinese mythology prince who has attained immortality; famous for the art of turning into animals and birds. VANTSYAVICHYUS Henrikas (b. 1924), the Lithuanian director, People's Artist of the USSR (1978). Since 1953 in Kaunas theater. In 1966-89 the Lithuanian Drama Theatre (Vilnius). Vanj, the Pamir River, a right tributary of the Panj. 103 km catchment area of 2070 km2. The average water consumption of approx. 50 m3 / s. HPP. Vanj Range, in the Pamirs. Length approx. 80 km. The height of over 5,000 meters. Glaciers (total area of 221.1 km2). Vančura Vladislav (1891-1942), Czech writer. Anti-bourgeois and anti-war novels "Ian Baker Margoul" (1924), "Fields plowing and War" (1925), "Three Rivers" (1936), the anti-fascist Art Chronicle "Pictures from the history of the Czech nation" (1939-40), drama scripts and directing films. Shot by the German invaders. Vanshenkin Konstantin Y. (b. 1925), the Russian poet. Poetry and prose about the war, the natural world, the duty of man before the era. Poetry collections "Turn the World" (1965), "Journey to the other" (1971), "Road Sign" (1977), "Branch" (1981), "will" (1987). The poem "The Life of Man" (1980, USSR State Prize, 1985). The book of memoirs, literary essays "face and voice" (1978). Wana, in Norse mythology bright solar deities, the gods of fertility, love and wealth, which are opposed to the "Elder Edda" aces. In "Völuspá" and "Younger Edda" there is a story about the struggle which ended peacefully aces and Vans. Wan Li (b. 1916), chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in 1988-93. Member of the Communist Party of China (CPC) since 1936. From 1980 to the leadership of the CPC. VANSYAN, a city in China, prov. Sichuan, at p. Yangtze. 157 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Paper, textile, chemical, oil industry. Nikola Vaptsarov (1909-42), a Bulgarian poet. In verses - the pathos of the revolutionary struggle of the working of the Bulgarian Communists denunciation of fascism (the collection "Songs of the engine," 1940). Shot monarchist-fascist authorities. International Peace Prize (1952, posthumously). VAR (volt-amperes reactive), a unit of reactive power AC; denoted by Var. Different from watt factor sin?, Where? - Phase shift between voltage and current in the circuit. VAR (Varus) (c. 53 BC. E. - 9 n. E.), Roman general. The governor of the province of Germany with 5N. e. After suffering a crushing defeat of Varus by Germanic tribes led by Arminius, committed suicide. Varadero (Varadero), Cuba City, Prov. Matanzas. Climatic health resort, tourist center on the Atlantic coast. 16 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Annual arts festivals. Varazdin, a city in Croatia. St. 40 thousand. Residents. Clothing, textiles, food processing. Castle 15-16 centuries. (museum). Town Hall 16-18 centuries. Near Varadzhina - mud-bath and climatic spa Varaždinske Toplice. Varactors [from the English. var (iable) - AC and act - the action], semiconductor diode, the principle of operation similar varactors. Used primarily as a nonlinear element in the frequency multipliers, as well as to strengthen the fluctuations in the microwave band parametric amplifiers. VARANASI (Benares), a city in the North. India, on the river. Ganges, pcs. Uttar Pradesh. 926 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Cultural, historical center and place of religious pilgrimage for Hindus and Buddhists (up to 1 million. People annually). Cotton, printing, food, glass, chemical plants, machinery. Printing center in Hindi. Arts and crafts (brocade, carpets, jewelry). University. There was approx. 7. BC. e. "Golden Temple of Shiva" (c. 1750), majestic palaces 16-19 centuries. (in Vol. h. Man Mandir, 1600).
Никто не решился оставить свой комментарий.
Будь-те первым, поделитесь мнением с остальными.
Будь-те первым, поделитесь мнением с остальными.