Меню
Личный кабинет Вход и регистрация
Регистрация
Назад » »

ИЗ СЛОВАРЕЙ (112)


Baifa (Baif) Jean Antoine de (1532-89), French poet, literary and religious figure; Bishop of Chalon. Member of the group "Pleiad". Book "Sonnets to Francine" (1555), "Memes, precepts and proverbs" (1576). Translator biblical psalms and ancient authors, the creator of the Academy of Poetry and Music (1570). Bahia, a city in Brazil, see. Salvador. Bahia (Bahia), a state in northeastern Brazil. 567 thousand. Km2. The population of 11.7 million. People (1990). Adm. c. - Salvador. Bahia Blanca (Bahia Blanca), city and port on the south-east of Argentina. 271 thousand. Residents (1991, with suburbs). Oil refining and petrochemical, meat-packing, flour-milling industry. University. Founded in 1828. BAI (Baijiu, Biney), the people in China. The number of 1670 thousand. People (1992). Language buy. Believers - Buddhists, part - Taoists. BAI Bure insurrection, peasant rebellion in Sierra Leone in the beginning. 1889 against the British colonialists introduced tax huts; headed by chief Bai Bure. Suppressed by British troops. BAI TSE in Chinese mythology omniscient being, the keeper of knowledge about spirits; depicted as a white lion. Baybakov (steppe marmot) mammal genus marmots. The body length of up to 60 cm. In the steppes of European and North. Kazakhstan. Small numbers. Is protected. Baydar, rowing (sometimes with a sail) boat in the Chukchi, Koryak, Eskimo, etc .; wooden frame upholstered with canoes walrus skin. Baidarata Bay, Gulf of Kara m. Between the coast and the n-word Yamal. Length approx. 180 km. width at the entrance to 78 km, depth up to 20 m. river empties Baydarata, Yuribey. Kayaks, narrow light boat without rowlocks. Oars 2-lobed. Sport kayaks - one-piece with a wooden or plastic paneling, tourist - made from wood, metal or plastic frame and a covering of waterproof material. Bajdarsky valley, in the south-western part of the Crimean Peninsula, along the river. Black. Length 16 km, width up to 8 km. By Baydarskaya valley motorway is Yalta - Sevastopol. Tourism. Bajdarsky gate, pass through the Crimean mountains from the valley to the Black Baydarskaya m. Height of 503 m. BAYDZHERAHI (Yakutia.), Silty peat hillocks 0.5-15 m and a length of 20 m. As a result of thermokarst processes in the development of permafrost rocks. Bajdukov George Filippovich (1907-94), Colonel-General (1961), Hero of the Soviet Union (1936). In 1936-37 non-stop flights Moscow - about. Udd and Moscow - North Pole - US VP Chkalov and AV Belyakov. In World War II commander of the Air and Air Division. USSR State Prize (1970). Author of books on the flight to America. "Bayer", a chemical company in Germany. Founded in 1863. Until 1952 was a chemical company "IG Farben" (Germany). With sales of $ 23 billion. Dollars., Net profit of 1.05 billion. Dollars., The number of employees 165 thous. People (con. 1980.). BAYER (Baeyer) Adolf (1835-1917), a German organic chemist, founder of a large scientific school, foreign corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1892). Seminal work on the synthesis of dyes and alicyclic compounds, stereochemistry. In 1883, completed work on the synthesis and structure determination of indigo. Introduced (1888) concept of cis-trans isomers. Nobel Prize (1905). BAYER (Bayer) Gottlieb Siegfried (1694-1738), a German historian, philologist, academician of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1725). Writings on the history of Orientalism and Dr. Rus. The founder of the Norman theory. BAYER (Baeyer) Johann Jakob (1794-1885), German surveyor, a foreign corresponding member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1858). Works on the degree measurements. BAYER (Bayer) Otto Georg Wilhelm (1902-82), a German chemical engineer and industrialist. Major works on the chemistry and technology of polymers. Got polyurethanes (1937) and established their manufacturing. BAYER (Baeyer) Frank (b. 1932), a German film director. Movies: "Old Love" (1959), "Royal Children" (1962), "Naked Among Wolves" (1963), "Jacob - Liar" (1974), "stalled" (1984) and others. BAYER (Bajer) Frederick (1837-1922), Danish writer and political activist. One of the organizers of the pacifist movement. Chairman of the International Peace Bureau (1891-1907). The Nobel Peace Prize (1908, together with K. Arnoldsonom). Baikit (Pol. Bajka, from niderl. Baai), soft, thick cotton or woolen fabric with a thick nap backcombed. Cotton flannel sew warm clothes, women's and children's clothing; of wool - demi coat. Baykal, freshwater lake in the south eastern. Siberia. Is located at an altitude of 456 meters and is surrounded by mountains. 31.5 thousand. Km2, length 636 km, the average width of 48 km. The deepest (to 1620 m) in the world. Tectonic origin. Runs 336 rivers (in Vol. H. Selenga, Barguzin, V. Angara) follows p. Angara. 27 islands (the largest Olkhon). Freezes in January, opened in May. The flora and fauna of Lake Baikal contains approx. 1,800 species (3/4 - endemics: Baikal seal, gobies, viviparous golomyanka et al.). Fishing for cisco, grayling and others. Shipping; timber rafting. On Lake Baikal - the city of Slyudyanka, Baikal. In the village. Listvyanka - Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Baikal as part of the Barguzin and Baikal nature reserves. Pribaikalskiy National Park. As a result of anthropogenic impacts deteriorated environmental conditions; are searching for ways to restore science-based natural complexes of Lake Baikal. Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) railway in East. Siberia and the Far East, 2nd trunk (along with the Trans-Siberian Railway) train output Russia to the Pacific approx. Runs from Taishet to Sovetskaya Gavan, the total length of 4,300 km. Plot Ust-Kut (on the Lena) - Komsomolsk-on-Amur (3105 km; the start of construction - 1974, in 1984 to open a transparent) in 1989 commissioned; 2 plots of BAM built in the context. 40th - early. 50-ies .: Taishet - Ust-Kut and Komsomolsk-on-Amur - Sovetskaya Gavan. On the Trans-Siberian railway BAM binds 3 connecting railway lines: Bamovskaya - Tynda, lime and Volochaevka - Komsomolsk. In 1981, organized by the Baikal-Amur Railway. The Baikal, city (1966) in the Russian Federation, Irkutsk region., On the lake. Baikal. Railway station. 16.5 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Pulp and Paper Mill. Baikal folded, the era of orogeny in the late Precambrian and early Cambrian period. As a result of the Baikal folding occurred folded mountain structures eastern. Sayan, Baikal region, the Arabian Peninsula, and others. Baikal Reserve, Biosphere, in the Russian Federation, Buryatia, south of the lake. Baikal. Founded in 1969. The area of 165,724 hectares. Landscapes of the East-Siberian taiga and the Mongolian steppes. On the northern slopes of the ridge. Khamar-Daban - fir and pine forests on the southern - cedar-larch-pine. Birch, aspen. Bear, sable, lynx, otter, weasel, ermine, pika, red deer, moose, caribou; osprey, white-tailed eagle, Rock Ptarmigan. Baikal Mountains, on the north-west coast of the lake. Baikal. The length of 300 km, height up to 2572 m. Baikit Alexander (1870-1946), the Russian metallurgist metallurgist, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1932), Hero of Socialist Labor (1945). Fundamental works on structural transformations in metals, theory of metallurgical processes. USSR State Prize (1943). Baikov Fyodor Isakovich (c. 1612-63 and 1664), the Moscow nobleman, the first head of the Russian Embassy in China in 1654-57. Baikonur Cosmodrome, located in Kazakhstan, Kyzyl-Orda region. Founded in 1955. It has several launch complexes, technical positions and measuring points. From Baikonur launched the first ever artificial satellite of the Earth (1957) and the first spacecraft with a man on board (cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, 1961). From Baikonur launched spacecraft "Vostok", "Voskhod", "Soyuz" and orbital station "Salyut", "The World", rocket and space system "Energia" - "Buran", many artificial satellites and interplanetary spacecraft. Bailadila, a major iron ore district in India (pcs. Of Madhya Pradesh). Ore - mainly hematite quartzite. In operation since 1967. Air Conditioning reserves 1.3 billion. Tons of ore content of Fe 63-67%; production of 8.6 million. tons of commercial ore (1987). Bile (Bailen), a city in Spain, in Andalusia, in the province. Jaen. Ok. 10 thousand. Residents in July 1808 during the war against the French invaders near Bailen Spanish troops were victorious. BAYLYANTSZYAO (letters. - The doctrine of the White Lotus), a secret Buddhist sect in China; there appears, in the 12th century., existed before the beginning. 19 in. United mostly peasants and artisans. Repeatedly raised the uprising (the largest in 1796-1805). Baimakov city (until 1938 the village. Baimak-Tanalykovo), the Russian Federation, Bashkortostan, at p. Tanalyk, 35 km from the railway Art. Sibai. 16.5 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Machine-Building Plant, meat Creamery. Bayonet (fr. Baionnette - bayonet), the original name of the bayonet, invented in the middle. 17 in. in Bayonne (France); was a knife, the handle of which is inserted into the barrel of a gun. In Russia, called Bagineti. In 1706-08 everywhere replaced with a bayonet tube. Bayonet, bystrovypolnyaemoe connection details, in which one piece with a slot is placed on another item with a corresponding projection and rotated so that the projection of the stopper piece. It is used in machine tools, in the camera lens, and so on. N. Bayonne Cortes (June - July 1808), a collection in Bayonne representatives of the Spanish nobility and the higher administration. Convened by order of Napoleon I. to accept the king of Spain Joseph Bonaparte and took Bayonne Constitution, according to which Spain was declared a constitutional monarchy, abolished some feudal establishment and others. Bairam-Ali (Bairamaly), city (1931) in Turkmenistan, Mary region. Railway station. 5.3 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Cotton-cleaning, food, building materials industry. Climatic health resort for kidney patients. Near Bairam-Ali - ruins of ancient Merv. 28 km to the north - raw mausoleum Khudai Nazar-ovliya (beg. 12 in.). In the area of Bairam-Ali has been producing natural gas. Bayrachnye FOREST (from Turk. Bayrak - bar) (beam forest gullies), deciduous forests growing on the upper slopes and beams in the steppe zone of the European part of Russia and Ukraine. Tree species - oak, ash, pine, elm. Bayreuth (Bayreuth), a city in Germany, Bavaria. 70 thousand. Inhabitants (1988). Machinery, textile, printing, food processing industry. Music festivals. Known since 1194. Bayreuth THEATRE ("Wagner Theater," "Festspielhaus"), Opera House, opened in August 1876 in Bayreuth. Created on a plan of Richard Wagner. Since 1882 Bayreuth festivals are held here (performed Wagner). Byron (Byron), the cape, the most eastern tip of Australia (28 ° 38'S. M. And 153 ° 39 'in. D.). Byron (Byron) George Noel Gordon (1788-1824) was an English Romantic poet; member of the House of Lords. In 1816 left the UK, lived in Italy. In the poem "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" (1812-18), "East poem (in Vol. H." Giaour, "" Lara "," Corsair "), philosophical and symbolic drama poems -" Mysteries "" Manfred "(1817) and "Cain" (1821), a cycle of love-meditative poems on biblical "Jewish music" (1813-15) - a keen sense of historical catastrophe and personal life, the loss of ideals in modern society, the universality of frustration in reality (motives Weltschmerz - "cosmic pessimism "). The protest against the evils of the world, upholding the rights of the individual acquires the ironist-satirical (the poem" The Bronze Age ", 1823), nravoopisatelskuyu (novel in verse" Don Giovanni ", 1819-24, is not complete), and sometimes politically motivated (lyrics). Byron was a member of the Carbonari movement, the national liberation revolution in Greece (who died in a military camp). Created type "Byronic hero reflective: rebellious individualist disappointed, lonely, misunderstood people sufferer, defy all the world order and God (force godless sentiment defined pathos "Manfred" and "Cain"), tragically experiencing discord with the world and his own duality. Creativity Byron yavivsheesya important stage in the spiritual development of European society and literature, gave rise to the phenomenon of Byronism (beg. 19 in.) In t. H. "Russian." Baiseitova Kulash (1912-57), the Kazakh singer (lyric coloratura soprano), People's Artist of the USSR (1936). One of the founders of the Kazakh opera. In 1934-57 the Kazakh Opera and Ballet Theatre. USSR State Prize (1948, 1949). BAYSUN, city (1975) in Uzbekistan, Surkhondaryo. 17.4 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Silk-weaving factory. Baysuntau, south-western spur of the Hissar Ridge. in Uzbekistan. Length approx. 150 km. Height up to 4424 m. BYTE (Eng. Byte), part of the machine word, usually consisting of 8 bits (binary units) and used as a unit of the amount of information during its storage, transmission and processing on a computer. Byte is used to represent letters, syllables and special characters (usually takes all 8 bits) or decimal digits (2 digits in 1 byte). Bytes, Dr. Greece sacred stone. The most famous of bytes read thus stone that Kronos swallowed instead of the infant Zeus; located near the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. Baikhovi TEA, see. Art. Tea. Bai Hu (White Tiger), in Chinese mythology spirit of the West, the guardian of the country of the dead. Baihe river in eastern China; merging with the Yongding River and Weihe rivers, forms p. Haihe. 560 km, the basin area of 280 thousand. Km2. Navigable downstream. LHC (niderl. Bak), nasal ship superstructure to protect the upper deck of the backward wave flooding, to improve the unsinkable (closed tank), accommodation premises. On the tank are anchoring and mooring device. LHC (Bacq) Zenon Marseille (1903-83), Belgian physiologist and Radiobiology, foreign member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1958). Investigated the chemistry of transmission of nerve impulses. Proceedings of the mechanism of biological effects of ionizing radiation, finding Radioprotectors. LHC (Buck) Pearl (1892-1973), American writer. Realistic novels about the life of the Chinese people ("Earth", 1931; "Sons", 1932); social and domestic novels of American life. Nobel Prize (1938). LHC Tim (1891-1973), one of the organizers of the CP of Canada (1921), in 1929-62 Secretary General, since 1962 chairman of the party. TANK (Baka) Josef (1707-80), Polish poet of Lithuanian descent, a Jesuit priest. His work was the pinnacle of t. N. "Sarmatian Baroque". Baca, city (1951) in the Russian Federation, Chelyabinsk Region. Railway station. 23.9 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Iron ore mining. BACHELOR (from Wed-century. Lat. Baccalaureus), in most countries - the first degree, acquired by the student after mastering basic higher education programs (3-5 years of study in high school). In the Russian Federation to the beginning. 90s. In France, the title of Bachelor graduates assigned to complete high school and gives the right to admission to universities. GROCERY (from Arabic. Bakkal - the seller edibles), some food products: cereals, flour, salt, tea, coffee, spices, etc. Bakal iron ore deposits in the Russian Federation, Chelyabinsk Region. Developed with Ser. 18 in. Ok. 20 deposits. Explored reserves of ore approx. 1018000000. M with a content of Fe 29-46% (1991). Production center - the tank. Bakatin Vadim (b. 1937), Russian statesman. Since 1987, 1st Secretary of the Kemerovo regional committee of the CPSU. From 1988-90, Minister of Internal Affairs, Lieutenant-General (1988). In August and November 1991, the chairman of the KGB. In November 1991 - January 1992, the head of the Inter-republican Security Service. Beibu, the name of the northern part of Vietnam; cm. Tonkin. Beibu (you in) (Gulf of Tonkin) Gulf South China m., Off the coast of China and Vietnam; separated from the open sea n-word and Leizhou. Hainan. The length of 330 km, the width of up to 241 km. Depth at the entrance of 40-82 m. The port - Haiphong. Bakwanga (Bakwanga), the name of the city of Mbuji-Mayi in the Republic of Zaire until 1966. Bakwa, a group of people in Liberia (500 thousand. Man, 1992) and Côte d'Ivoire (400 thousand. People). Language Bakwa. Most retains the traditional beliefs of the - Christians. Tank Nikolay Filippovich (b. 1932), the Russian chemist, Academician (1992). Proceedings of the physical chemistry of polymers derived synthetic fibers and composite materials. BAKELAND (Baeckeland) Leo Hendrik (1863-1944), American chemist and industrialist. Born in Belgium, since 1889 - in the United States. Major works in the field of chemistry and technology of polymers. Got (1908), the first thermosetting resin - Bakelite. BAKELITE (on behalf of the American chemist L. Bakelanda), formerly known as the resole. Baqem (Bakema) Jacob (1914-81), Dutch architect. In urban planning implemented the principles of "New Objectivity" (linear building blocks of the same height with open ends). Together with a group of "Opbau" participated in the design areas destroyed during the war Rotterdam. Buoy (vessel) (niderl. Baken), signs and signals installed at anchor to designate navigational hazards or waterways. Baku Commune adopted in the literature the name of Soviet power in Baku and on the part of the territory of Azerbaijan (25.4 - 31.7.1918). Government - the Bolsheviks and Left SRs. Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars - SG Shaumyan. Defeated the Anglo-Turkish troops shot heads (see. Baku Commissars). Baku commissars, 26 leaders of the Baku Commune, 1918. Chairman of the Baku Soviet of People's Commissars SG Shaumyan, commissars MA Azizbekov, PA Japaridze, I. T. violet, GN Korganov, JD Zevin , MG Vezirov and IV Maligin, GK Petrov, AM Amirian, VF Poluhin, IY Gabyshev, SG Osepyan, EA Berg , BA Avakian, AA Boryan, MV Basin, MR Koganov, AM Konstandyan, AA Bogdanov, S. Bogdanov, F. Sun, and the . A. Mishnah, IP Metaxa, IM Nikolayshvili, TM Amirov arrested by the government "Dictatorship" and shot in Transcaspia 09/20/1918. BAKU oil and gas region, located on the Absheron Peninsula in Azerbaijan. Industrial development of the last third of the 19th century. St. 80 oil and gas fields. The main deposits - Oil Rocks, Bahar, Sangachal-Sea. Organize the development of oil in the waters of the Caspian Sea. BAKU RUSSIAN Theater. S.Vurgun, Drama, organized in 1923 on the basis of the Baku-free satyr agitteatra (opened in 1920). Baku Khanate, the state in Azerbaijan in the middle. 18 in. - 1806. Center - Baku. Fearing Iranian invasion, voluntarily joined Russia. Baqir Abbas (1910-74), the Uzbek actor, director, People's Artist of the USSR (1970). Since 1931 the Uzbek tetra them. Akhunbabayev (Andijan). Bakis (Bakid) in Other. Greece legendary composer of the first collection of prophecies. Subsequently, his name has become a byword for all predictors. Bakixanov Abbas Kuli (pseudonym. - Qudsi) (1794-1847), the Azerbaijani writer, scholar and educator. Supporter of union with Russia. Essays on the history of Azerbaijan from ancient times to the beginning. 19 in. ("Flower garden of Eden"); satirical, philosophical works, ethical treatises lyrics. BAC (fr. Baccarat), made of crystal, producing since 1816 in the French city of Baccarat. Sets and vases are famous for technical perfection abundant fractional faceting. Flasks (tat. Baklak), wood, ceramic or metal ground water vessel (such as a jar) with a narrow short neck and ears on the body for threading the belt. Eggplant, herbaceous perennial plant of the genus nightshade family Solanaceae. Vegetable crops (sugar in fruit coderzhatsya, proteins, tannins, vitamins C, B1, PP). Grow on all continents. BAKLANOV Grigory Yakovlevich (b. 1923), the Russian writer. In the story "inch of land" (1959), "Dead shame no shame" (1961), the novel "July 41" (1965) - a true image of the horrors of war and the fate of its rank and file members (ie. N. Trench true). Moral and ethical issues in the novel "Friends" (1975), the novel "Forever - nineteen" (1979, USSR State Prize, 1982), "The smaller among brothers" (1981). Essays. Chief editor of "Banner" (in 1986-93). Baklanov Olga (1899-1974), actress. Born in Moscow. Began her acting career at the age of 16 at the Moscow Art Theatre. In 1923, during a tour of the theater remained in the United States. Played on Broadway, was recorded on the radio, played several roles in the film, among them a particularly prominent in the film T. Browning "Freaks" (1932). Cormorant, bird family unit copepods. The length of 1 m. 2 kinds: the first (1 species, does not fly) - in the Galapagos Islands; the second (29 species) - is widespread. Eat fish (sometimes cause damage to the fisheries). Spectacled cormorant living on about. Bering destroyed in the 19th century. Crested cormorant is protected. Huge colonies of cormorants on poborezhe Chile and Peru - the source of guano deposits. 1 species and subspecies in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Backlund (Backlund) Oscar Andreevich (1846-1916), a Russian astronomer, academician of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1883). Swede by birth, in 1876 in Russia. Proceedings on celestial mechanics, the study of the motion of the comet Encke - Backlund. Thumbs, the stump of wood treated for the manufacture of various items (cups, spoons, and so on. N.). "Twiddle" - piddle, do nothing. Tanks (Bacovia) George (1881-1957), Romanian poet. Lyrical collections of "Lead" (1916), "Yellow sparks" (1926), "Bourgeois stanzas" (1946) marked influence of the French Symbolists. Bacolod (Bacolod), city and port in the Philippines (for. Negros), the administrative center prov. Zap. Negros. 364 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Sugar industry. BAKOR (abbr. Of title mineral corundum and baddeleyite), a refractory material with a high zirconia content (33-45%) and alumina (50%). Used for the construction of glass furnaces. Bakota, ancient Russian town of 12-15 centuries. on the left bank of the Dniester River (now the village of Kamenetz-Podolsk district of Khmelnitsky region.), Bakota center of the earth. In 13 - Ser. 14th centuries. - In the Galicia-Volyn principality, then in Lithuania, with 1,434 in Poland. Fell into disrepair. Archaeological excavations. Ahmed Hassan Bakr (1914-82), President of the Republic of Iraq, Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council, the Prime Minister and Supreme Commander, General Secretary of the regional leadership of Arab Baath Socialist Party in 1968-79. Bakri Mohammed Ahmed (b. 1916), the Egyptian biologist. Proceedings of plant physiology. Bakradze Dmitry Z. (1826-90), the Georgian historian, archaeographer, archaeologist, corresponding member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1879). Member of "Meore-dashi." Works on the history of the Caucasus, Georgia, source, paleography. Baksan town (since 1967) in the Russian Federation, Kabardino-Balkaria, on p. Baksan, 24 km from the railway Art. Nalchik. 30.2 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Plant "Auto Parts", Knitting Factory, and others. Near the Baksan - Baksan hydropower plant. Baksan (Azau), on the North River. Caucasus, right tributary of Malki. 173 km catchment area of 6.8 thousand. Km2. At Baksan - HPP. The upper reaches of the Baksan and its tributaries (Elbrus) - one of the main areas of tourism, mountaineering and skiing. Bakst Vladimir Ignat'evich (1835-74), a revolutionary, a member of the student unrest in St. Petersburg (1861), member of the "Land and Freedom". From 1862 figure "Young emigration", one of the organizers of the Heidelberg reading rooms, Berne printing. Bakst (real. Fam. Rosenberg) Lev Shneiderman (1866-1924), Russian painter, graphic artist, stage designer. Member of the "World of Art". From 1909 he lived mainly in Paris. As a decorator Russian seasons stylized antique and oriental motifs, creating exquisitely decorative fantastic spectacle. BAXTER (Baxter), Richard (1615-92), English Puritan preacher and theologian. Member of the English Revolution of the 17th century. Founded a new direction in Calvinism - t. N. baksterianizm (with a less strict interpretation of the doctrine of predestination).
Никто не решился оставить свой комментарий.
Будь-те первым, поделитесь мнением с остальными.
avatar