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BAGRATIONI David (1767-1819), a Georgian prince, the son of George XII, writer and scholar, educator. Works on the history of Georgia. BAGRATIONI John (1768-1830), a Georgian prince, the son of George XII, writer and educator. The author of the encyclopedic work "Kalmasoba" ("Walking on the collection," 3 volumes) and the Russian-Georgian dictionary. BAGRATIONI Teimuraz (1782-1846), a Georgian prince, the son of George XII, kavkazoved scientist, an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1837). Works on the history of Georgia. Bagrationovsky (until 1946 Eylau), a city in the Russian Federation, the Kaliningrad region. Railway station. 7.0 thousand. Residents (1992). Food industry. Founded in 1336. In 1807 there was a battle near Bagrationovsk between Russian and French armies, which scored Bagration. Named for Bagration. Bagrationi royal dynasty of Georgia in 9-19 centuries. The best known are: Ashot, David III, David the Builder, George III, Tamara, George V, Irakli II. BAGRATYAN Araratovich Grant (b. 1958), an Armenian statesman, Prime Minister of Armenia in 1993-96. Bagritsky (pres. Fam. Dzyubin) Edward G. (1895-1934), Russian poet. In the poems, romantic fervor permeated heroics Grazhdskoy war drama born of revolution of social and moral conflicts. Poem "The Ballad of Opanas" (1926), "The Death of pioneers" (1932). Crimson Elizabeth (pres. Fam. Belcheva) (b. 1893), the Bulgarian poet. Lyrical collections of "eternal and holy" (1927). "The human heart" (1936), "From shore to shore" (1963), "chiaroscuro" (1977), "On the shore of Time" (1983). Whelk, the same as the red algae. Bagryanskaya Mikhail Ivanovich (1762 or 1763-1813), Russian Mason, a doctor, a friend of Novikov, volunteered to share his opinion on Shlisselburg Fortress (1792-96). Labrador tea, a kind of evergreen shrubs of the family Ericaceae. Ok. 10 species in cold and temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. Infusion bog rosemary - expectorant. Ledum is often called one of the species of rhododendron. BAGUTA Seleucia (Persian) (d. C. 345), the Christian martyr damaged in persecution of king Shapur II. Memory in the Orthodox church on November 20 (December 3). Badal Alex Ye (1883-1951), a Russian politician. Since 1912 the deputy of the 4th State Duma, a member of the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee of the RSDLP. Member of the October Revolution (Petrograd). In 1921-35 in the system of consumer cooperatives. In the 1937-38 People's Commissar of the food industry of the RSFSR. Bad Tugan, Reserve in Uzbekistan, Karakalpakstan. Founded in 1971. The area of 5929 hectares. Riparian forests in the valley of the Amu Darya River (downstream of Biruni) and adjacent areas of the desert. Turanga, asparagus Persian. Wild boar, wild cat, rabbit; pheasant, stone curlew and others. Badalamenti (Badalamenti) (pseudonym. Andy Bedeyl) Angelo (b. 1937) is an American composer, arranger, poet. The greatest success brought him a creative alliance with film director D. Lynch, the film is "Blue Velvet" and the TV series "Twin Peaks" wrote the music. Badalbeyli Farhad Shamsi oglu (b. 1947), the Azerbaijani pianist, People's Artist of the USSR (1990). 1st prize at the International Piano Competition in Lisbon (1968). Professor of Azerbaijan State Conservatory (1985). Badalona (Badalona), a city in Spain, in the authors. region. Catalonia, a suburb of Barcelona. 225 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Textile industry, mechanical engineering; perfume, glass, optical and other enterprises. Seaside resort .. Badal, a genus of perennial herbs of the family saxifrage. 11 species, mainly in the center., Wed. and east. Asia. In the culture - decorative, tanning and medicinal (astringent, emollient for inflammation of the mucous membranes) plants. Badari culture (in archeology) Eneolithic (5 th th. BC. E.) In Egypt. Name in with. Badari (Wed Egypt). Settlements and tombs. Economy: hunting, primitive agriculture and animal husbandry. Badajoz (Badajoz), a city in Spain, in the authors. region. Extremadura, the administrative center prov. Badajoz. Transit point near the border with Portugal. 128 thousand. Inhabitants (1990). Leather industry. Cathedral (Gothic, 13th c.), A bridge arches Palmas 32 (16 in.). Babd in Irish mythology goddess of war and destruction. Baddeleyite, mineral subclass of simple oxides, ZrO2. Yellow, black, green, fine crystals. Hardness of 6.5; density approx. 5.5 g / cm3. Found in carbonatites and alkaline ultrabasic rocks, sometimes in placers. Raw materials for the ceramic industry and the production of refractories. Part of some zirconium ores. Bad (self - Bad, trouble), the people of Nigeria. The number of 650 thousand. People (1992). Bad language. Believers - Sunni Muslims, part adheres to traditional beliefs. Baden (Baden bei Wien) (Baden bei Wien), a city in Austria, spa resort in the foothills of the Vienna Woods. 23 thousand. Inhabitants (1987). Winery, museums. Baden (Baden), a city in Switzerland, to the north-west of Zurich. 14 thousand. Residents (1985, with suburbs 67 thousand. Inhabitants). Electrical, light industry. Balneological resort. Architectural monument of 15-18 centuries. Baden (Baden), with 11 in. German Margravate (in 1535 divided into Baden-Baden and Baden-Durlach, 1771 re-united). In the 1806-1918 Grand Duchy (the capital of Karlsruhe), then the land of Germany; with con. 1951 of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg. Baden-Baden (Baden-Baden), a city in south-west Germany, Baden-Wurttemberg. 51 thousand. Inhabitants (1988). Balneological resort in the mountains of the Black Forest. Tourism center. Landmark 7-19 centuries. Baden-Wurttemberg (Baden Wurttemberg), land in Germany. 35.7 thousand. Km2. The population of 9.8 million. People (1991). Adm. c. - Stuttgart. Baden culture (archeology), Eneolithic (con. 3rd thousand. BC. E.) To Wed Europe. The name of the finds in Baden (Austria). Ground burials, fortified settlements. Stone axes, copper objects and others. The economy: hunting and animal husbandry. Baden school (also Freiburg and Heidelberg), in the direction of neo-Kantianism con. 19 - early. 20th centuries. The main representatives - W. Windelband and Rickert taught at the University of Freiburg (Freiburg) and Heidelberg Baden (Germany). The basis of human culture is seen in the field of ideal values. Contrasts the methods of the natural sciences to the method of historical science (the science of culture). Deny the existence of objective laws of history. Bad Salzungen (Bad Salzungen), spa resort in Germany, to the south of Eisenach. Badi al-Zaman (pres. The name of Ahmed ibn al-Husayn al-Hamadani) (969-1007) Arab writer. The creator of the literary genre of maqam. The cycle of stories of urban life. BADINGS (Badings) Henk (1907-87), Dutch composer. Apply modern composition techniques (electronic music and others.). 6 operas, ballets, 8, 15 symphonies, concertos for instruments with orchestra and others. Bad Kreuznach (Bad Kreuznach), spa resort in Germany, to the southwest of Mainz. Bad Liebenstein (Bad Liebenstein), Spa centers in Germany, to the south of Eisenach. Badmaev Petr (Zhamsaran) (1851-1920), a doctor of Tibetan medicine. Since 1875 engaged in medical practice. Enjoyed the confidence of Emperor Alexander III and Nicholas II. Opposed GERasputina, but then moved to his side. BADMINTON (Eng. Badminton), a sports game with a flounce and racket on the court 13.40 mx 6.10 m, divided in half grid (height 1.55 m). Homeland badminton - India. Introduced to the UK in the 2nd floor. 19 in., Where the first demonstrations (of Badminton 1872, hence the name). The International Badminton Federation (IBF; founded in 1934), St. 80 countries (1991). Since 1977 world championships, from 1968 - Europe. In the program of the Olympic Games since 1992. Badoglio (Badoglio), Pietro (1871-1956), Italian statesman and military leader, Marshal (1926). In 1919-21 and 1925-40 Chief of Staff, Commander in Chief in the Italo-Ethiopian war of 1935-36. Member of bias Mussolini (July 1943). In 1943-44, Prime Minister of Italy, concluded an armistice with the Allies. Badkhyz hill to the south-east of Turkmenistan, between the Murghab and Tedjen. Height up to 1267 m. Badkhyz Reserve. Badkhyz Reserve, in Turkmenistan, in the Mary region., Between the Murghab and Tedjen. Founded in 1941. The area of approx. 88 thousand. Ha. Semi-desert vegetation, pistachio. Aboriginal population of Asiatic wild ass; gazelle, leopard, hyena, honey badger, lizard, cobra and others. Badkhyz Reserve include 3 reserve (watering places and the birth of young Asiatic wild ass and gazelle). Bad Schallerbach (Bad Schallerbach), spa resort in Austria, west of Linz. Badia (illitsium), the genus of evergreen trees of the family illitsievyh. St. 40 species in the eastern. and south-east. Asia, southern North. America. Of the fruits of Star Anise or aniseed stellate, an essential oil. Bad Elster (Bad Elster), spa, mud and climatic resort in Germany, south of Plauen. Bad Ems (Bad Ems), spa resort in Germany, to the east of Koblenz. Badyagi, a family of freshwater sponges. Colony size of up to 1 m. St. 90 species in rivers and lakes of Eurasia. Settling in the water pipes, badyagi can clog them. Badyarikha River, a river in Yakutia, a right tributary of the Indigirka. 545 km, the basin area of 12.2 thousand. Km2. Baev Alexander (1903 / 04-94), the Russian biochemist, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; Academy of Sciences of the USSR from 1970), Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1985), Hero of Socialist Labor (1981). Major works on the molecular biology of cellular respiration chemical structure and function of RNA transport and others. USSR State Prize (1969). Baev Vera (b. 1936), the Russian singer (lyric coloratura soprano), People's Artist of the USSR (1986). Since 1959, the soloist of the Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg) Philharmonic. Bayes Vadim Solomonovich (b. 1929), the Russian literary critic, Doctor of Philology (1975), Professor (1979). The main area of interest - the history of Russian poetry of the 19th and 20th centuries., The theory of verse. Books: "Verse Russian Soviet poetry" (1972), "David Samoilov" (1986), "Through the magic crystal. The Poetics of" Eugene Onegin "novel in verse of Alexander Pushkin" (1990). Bajan Mykola (Nicholas Platonovich) (1903-83), Ukrainian poet, social activist, academician of Ukraine (1951), Hero of Socialist Labor (1974). In historical and contemporary epic story - theme of confrontation between good and evil, the conflict of the creator and society (the collection "Structures", 1929; the poem "Gofmanova Night", 1929, "Blind", 1929-32; the cycle of poems "Uman memories", 1970 ies.). In the poem about the Kirov "Immortality" (1937), a poetic collection "The Battle of Stalingrad" (1943), "Signs" (1978; Lenin Prize, 1982) - publicist pathos, civic poetry. USSR State Prize (1946, 1949). BAZHANOV Vasily Borisovich (1800-83), archpriest, a member of the Holy Synod, the spiritual home of the reigning persons, tutor of Alexander II (together with VA Zhukovsky). Author of the book "On Duties of a Christian." Vasily Bazhenov (1737 or 1738-1799), a Russian architect, one of the founders of Russian classicism. The reconstruction project of the Kremlin (the palace, founded in 1773, is not carried out), a romantic palace and park ensemble Tsaritsyno, Pashkov House (1784-86, now the old building of the Russian State Library, Moscow), Mikhailovsky Castle in St. Petersburg (in 1797-1800 built VF Brenna) differ daring composition, diversity of ideas, creative use of the traditions of the world of classical and ancient architecture. Bazenovskoye deposit asbestos in the Russian Federation, Sverdlovsk region. Developed since 1889. The explored reserves of 63.9 million asbestos. M with an average asbestos content of 2.28%. Annual production of asbestos St. 1,000,000. T (1991). Production center - of Asbestos. Bazhov Pavel Petrovich (1879-1950), Russian writer. Motifs and images of the Ural folklore tales (the collection "Malachite Box", 1939). Autobiographical novel "Green grasshopper" (1939), a memoir "Far - close" (1949). USSR State Prize (1943). BASE (fr. Base, from the Greek. Basis), 1) the basis, the foundation of something; in architecture - the base, the foot of a column or pillar ... 2) The organization is engaged in supply or service (eg., sightseeing base) ... 3) Warehouse. BASE wheeled vehicles, the distance between the front and rear axles 2-axle vehicle, tractor, trailer or between the front axle and the center of the 2-axle bogie 3-axle vehicle. Database car or locomotive - the distance between the centers of the extreme axes or pintles carts. MILITARY BASE, territory and placed her troops from the stockpiles of weapons, ammunition and other supplies. Subdivided into air, naval and missile. DATABASE, an ordered set of data for storage, storage and processing on a computer. To create and maintain a database (updates, access to them on request and issue them to the user), a set of language and software called database management system (DBMS). Basement membrane, in vertebrates and humans border film between the epithelium (or endothelium) and adjacent loose connective tissue. Serves to strengthen the epithelial cell layer. Basal (from the Greek. Basis - base), in anatomy - the main, located at the base facing or relating to it, eg., The basement membrane. Avg. Apical. BASALT, dark effusive basic rock composed mainly of basic plagioclase, pyroxene and olivine often. Holocrystalline basalt - dolerite, with glassy structure - gialobazalty and tahility. Basalts occupy vast areas of the ocean floor and extensive (thous. Km2) area of the continents (traps). Compressive Strength 400 MPa, density 2520-2970 kg / m3. Used in the stone-casting industry; valuable building, facing, electrically insulating material and acid. BASALT casting, the same as stone molding. "Basaltic" layer, the lower layer of the earth's crust, located between Conrad and Moho surface surface. Provided by seismic data; is suspected of gabbro. Bazanov Vasily (1911-81), the Russian literary critic, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1962). Works are devoted to the history of literary and social organizations, movements, creative writers of the 19th century. Folklore. BAZAAR (Bazard) Saint-Amand (1791-1832) was a French utopian socialist. The main work "Exposition of the Doctrine of Saint-Simon" (ch. 1-2, 1829-30). Bazarbai Cholponbek Bazarbaevich (b. 1949), the Kyrgyz ballet dancer, People's Artist of the USSR (1982). Since 1967 at the Kyrgyz Opera and Ballet Theatre. Maldybaev. Bazarduzu, the top of the Main, or Watershed hr. B. Caucasus. The height of 4466 m. BAZAROV Alexander Ivanovich (1845-1907), the Russian chemist and grower. The main work related to organic chemistry and rationalization of viticulture and winemaking. Created (1868) method for the synthesis of urea (carbamide), implemented in the industry. Market (pres. Fam. Rudnev) Vladimir Alexandrovich (1874-1939), a Russian philosopher and economist. Social Democrat (1896); in the 1910s. empiriocriticism supporter. Together with II Skvortsov-Stepanov translated "Capital" of Marx (vols. 1-3, 1907-09). repressed; posthumously rehabilitated. BAZAROV John Ivanovich (1819-95), archpriest, the spiritual home of the reigning persons, rector of the Russian Orthodox Church in Frankfurt and Stuttgart. The author of "Bible story" withstood 30 publications. BAZARSADAEV Kim I. (b. 1937), the Buryat singer (bass), People's Artist of the USSR (1981). Since 1959 (with interruptions) in the Buryat Opera and Ballet Theatre. Basedow (Basedow), Karl (1799-1854), a German physician. Described (1840), hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease). Graves' disease, the same as diffuse toxic goiter. BASEL (Basel), a city in Switzerland, the administrative center of the Canton of Basel-Stadt. 170 thousand. Residents (1990, with the suburbs of 360 thousand. Inhabitants). Port on the river. Rhine. International Airport. Close trade and financial and cultural center. Chemical, engineering and metalworking, light industry. University. First mentioned in 374. In the context. 15-16 centuries. - A center of trade, crafts, credit operations, printing. Romanesque-Gothic cathedral (1185-1200; sculpted portals), City Hall (1504-1608, Renaissance). Peace of Basel in 1795 (The separate), concluded in Basel between France and two of the participants in the 1st anti-French coalition (Prussia, France recognized the shift to the left bank of the Rhine, and Spain); marked the beginning of the collapse of the coalition. Basel Cathedral, an ecumenical council of the Catholic Church in 1431-49, first in Basel, from 1448 in Lausanne. Concessions Chashniki in worship. Proclaimed after the Council of Constance 1414-18 rule of the cathedrals of the Pope; but defended the papacy supremacy over councils. Bazin (Bazin) Andre (1918-58), French film critic and film critic. One of the pioneers of t. N. "new wave" - the movement of young filmmakers, grouped around the magazine "Cahiers du Cinema". In 1967 the theoretical and critical legacy Bazin was posthumously published in the book "What is cinema?". Bazin (Bazaine), Jean (1904-75) was a French painter. The early period of his work is marked enthusiasm expressive naturalism. In the 1930s. was influenced by P. Bonnard. In the postwar period - one of the leading representatives of tashizma ("The Child and Night", 1949). In "Notes on modern painting" (1953) outlined his views on the expressive abstraction. Bazin Peter (Pierre-Dominique) (1786-1838), Russian mathematician, mechanic, engineer, an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1827). French in origin. Major works on mathematical analysis, geometry, mechanics. Developed the theory of the movement of steam ships. Bazin (Bazin) Herve (pres. The name of Jean-Pierre Marie Herve Bazin, Herve-Bazin) (1911-96), French writer. Member of the Resistance movement. Strong condemnation of private life and morality bourgeois opposition to the disintegration of the hero of modern moral principles - the basis of psychological satirical trilogy "Family Rezo" (1948-72), a cycle of "family" psychological novels: "In the name of the son" (1960), "Married life "(1967)," The Anatomy of a divorce "(1975). Philosophical novel-report "The lucky with the island" Despair "(1970). A Tale of Chile" And the fire devours the fire "(1978). The President of the Goncourt Academy (1977). International Lenin Prize (1980). Basidiomycetes (Basidiomycetes), class higher fungi with special organs of reproduction - basidia. St. 30 thousand. species. Orders: afilloforovye, Agaricales, smut fungi, Gasteromycetes and others. Many of them are edible (white fungus, agaric), others are poisonous (red fly agaric, death cup) some cause diseases of agricultural crops and forest trees. Basilio (Basile) Giambattista (1575-1632), Italian writer. Compiled by the first European literature collection of folk tales in the artistic treatment "Pentameron" (1634-36 edition). Bazilevich Konstantin (1892- 1950), Russian historian, Professor. Works on the history of foreign policy, the class struggle, social and economic relations of feudal Russia. BASIL, born dwarf shrubs and bushes of the family Labiatae. Ok. 150 species in the tropics and subtropics. Some species (basil evgenolny et al.) Cultivated for essential oil. BASIL (from the Greek. Basilike - royal house), rectangular building, divided in rows of columns or pillars on the longitudinal part (nave); middle nave higher, illuminated through the window over the roofs of the side aisles. In Dr. Rome basilica - legal and commercial buildings; later basilica - one of the main types of the Christian church. Basilicata (Basilicata), Lucania (Lucania), in the South region. Italy, in the hall. Taranto Ionian m. 10 thousand. Km2. The population of 623 thousand. People (1989). Adm. c. - Potenza. Includes wire. Matera and Potenza. BAZIPETALNOE DEVELOPMENT (from the Greek. Basis - base and armor. Peto - aspire), the development of branches, leaves and other elements of the plant parts from the top to the bottom, leaving the younger parts of the plant are closer to the ground, and old - to the top. Characteristic of leaves pinnate leaf rose, branches of the thallus of some algae. Avg. Acropetally development. BASIS (Gr. Basis - base), the base, the foundation; support, the foundation base. Eg., The basis of the column, the basis of the program. Basis in geodesy - the line on the ground, measured with high precision and serves to determine the lengths of the sides of the geodetic network in the triangulation. The base price, the price is taken as the basis for calculating the indices that characterize the dynamics of production and other economic indicators. The price of goods of a certain quality, size, chemical composition, the center serves as the actual price fluctuations. Basification, 1) the enrichment natural rocks Fe, Mg and Ca with simultaneous removal of Si, Na, etc .; rocks subjected to basification, contain high amounts of non-ferrous minerals (pyroxenes, amphiboles, etc.) ... 2) basification or "oceanization" - a hypothetical process of complete physical and chemical processing of "granitic" layer of the crust and turning it into "basaltic "layer. Basic details .. 1) the main part, which begins assembly of machinery or equipment (machine bed, etc..) ... 2) The main types of parts, which reflects the structural, technological and other characteristics of the product group, to determine the conditional program production, mainly in the design shops, factories. Bazovsky (Bazowsky) Milos (1899-1968), Slovak painter. Symbolically generalized, sometimes dramatic scenes of peasant life differ bold pattern, expressive rhythmic composition, refined palette. Basophil cells containing cytoplasmic structures dyeable basic (alkaline) dyes, the kind of granular leukocytes and certain cells of the anterior pituitary. BAZOOKA (Eng. Bazooka), the name of the hand grenade in the US armed forces and some other states in the 2nd World War and in the postwar period. Bazunov Alexander Fedorovich (1825-99), publisher and bookseller. In the 60-ies. 19 in. in St. Petersburg published the works of Russian writers. BAIOV Alexey (1871-1935), the Russian military historian, Lieutenant-General (1915). Since 1919 in Estonia. Works on the history of the Russian army and military art. Bairiki (Bairiki), the state capital of Kiribati, on Tarawa Atoll. 19 thousand. Inhabitants (1985). Port on the Pacific approx. (export of copra, phosphates). BAIT, epic and genre liroepichesky Tatar and Bashkir folklore. Composed usually of quatrains with rhymes by type aaba, abvb (see. Rhyme). Bait are mainly historical and legendary song and fabulous content.
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