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Aleijadinho (Aleijadinho, letters. - Little cripple nickname Antônio Francisco Lisboa) (1730 or 1738-1814), Brazilian architect and sculptor. Was disfigured by leprosy. Worked by attaching instruments to gloves. The representative of the late baroque. Facade (1757-77) of the church of Bom Jesus di Matozinhos in Congonhas, sculpture (1780-1805). Aleukia (from a - a negative prefix and Greek. Leukos - white), the same as agranulocytosis. Aleukia alimentary toxic, poisoning as a result of eating foods from overwintered cereals contaminated with fungi of the genus Fusarium. Mainly affects the device hematopoiesis. Often joins a secondary infection. ALEYKSANDRE (Aleixandre) Vicente (1898-1984), Spanish poet. Surrealistic poems, verses anti-fascist period of the Civil War (1936-39). Collections "last birth" (1953), "History of the Heart" (1954), "internal dialogue" (1974) - philosophical lyrics. Memoirs (the collection "Date", 1958). Nobel Prize (1977). Aleynikov Vladimir Dmitrievich (b. 1946), the Russian poet. In verses - philosophical reasons, the subject of Russia. In the Soviet era, almost no published. Collections of poetry: "preliminary evening" (1987), "The choice of the word" (1987), "Travels memory Rambo", "Echoes of the holidays" (both 1990), and others. Aleynikov Peter Martynovich (1914-65), the Russian actor. Inexhaustible optimism, wit, contagious joie de vivre of his heroes did Aleinikova one of the favorite actors 30-40th. Filmed in the movies: "Seven brave", "Komsomolsk", "tractor", "Great Life", "The Little Humpbacked Horse", "thirst quencher" and others. Creativity Aleinikova dedicated to the film "Peter Martinovich years and a great life" (1976) . ALEYRODIDOVYE (belokrylkovye), a suborder of insects of the order Homoptera. Typically 1-2 mm in length. St. 200 species, mostly in the tropics. Larvae are particularly harmful greenhouse, citrus and strawberry whiteflies. Aleurone grain (from the Greek. Aleuron - flour) (grain protein), colorless rounded education protein in the cells of storage tissues of plants, mainly in seeds. Vacuoles are formed from drying. Alei, city (1939) in the Russian Federation, Altai Krai. Railway station. 30.6 thousand. Inhabitants (1992). Food industry. Metalworking plant. Alekin Oleg Aleksandrovich (1908-95), the Russian scientist hydrochemists, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1953). Works on chemistry of natural waters. USSR State Prize (1951). ALEKPEROV Alasgar Haji Agha oglu (1910-63), the Azerbaijani actor, People's Artist of the USSR (1961). On stage since 1927, since 1933 at the Azerbaijan Theater. Azizbekov (Baku). Vagit Alekperov (b. 1950), a Russian businessman. In 1970-80-ies. worked in the oil fields in Azerbaijan and Western. Siberia. In 1990, Deputy Minister of Oil and Gas Industry of the USSR. Since 1993, the president of the Russian oil company "Lukoil". ALEXANDER (Alexander) Denton Eugene (b. 1917), American geneticist, a foreign member of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1970). Created lines and corn hybrids with high yield and high protein content. ALEXANDER (Alexander) James Wendell (1888-1971), American mathematician. Major works include topology, algebraic geometry, the theory of functions. Introduced in topology upper boundary operator, with which established (1923) the law of duality for closed subsets of topological spaces. Suggested (1935) notion of cohomology. ALEXANDER, Samuel (1859-1938), English philosopher, representative of neorealism, one of the founders of the theory of emergent evolution. ALEXANDER Tunis (Alexander of Tunis) Harold Rupert (1891-1969), Earl (1952), British field marshal (1944). During the 2nd World War in 1943 the commander of the 18th and the 15th Army Group in Tunisia and Italy, in December 1943 Commander of the Allied forces in the Mediterranean theater of operations. In 1952-54 the Minister of Defence. ALEXANDER Franz (1891-1964), American physician and psychologist, the head of the Chicago school of psychosomatic medicine, developed the problem of correspondence between organic diseases and types of emotional conflicts. Alexander, in Greek mythology, the name of Paris, where he lived with the shepherds did not know about their origins. ALEXANDER (17 in.), A monk of the Rostov Boris and Gleb Monastery, the author of the life of St. Elder Irinarh Rostov. Alexander I (1777-1825), Emperor of Russia from 1801. The eldest son of Paul I. At the beginning of the board held moderately liberal reforms designed Secret Committee and MM Speransky. In foreign policy, maneuvered between Britain and France. In 1805-07 participated in anti-French coalition. In 1807-12 temporarily became friendly with France. Waged a successful war with Turkey (1806-12) and Sweden (1808-09). Under Alexander I of Russia attached eastern territory. Georgia (1801), Finland (1809), Bessarabia (1812), Azerbaijan (1813), the former Duchy of Warsaw (1815). After the war of 1812 led to the 1813-14 anti-French coalition of European powers. Was one of the leaders of the Congress of Vienna of 1814-15 and the organizers of the Holy Alliance. * * * Alexander I [12 (23) December 1777, St. Petersburg - November 19 (December 1) 1825, Taganrog] Russian emperor (1801-25), the first-born of the great Duke Paul Petrovich (later Emperor Paul I) and grand Duchess Maria Fedorovny.Detstvo, education immediately after the birth of Alexander was taken by his parents his grandmother Catherine II, who had intended to raise from it ideal emperor, on his work. As educators to Alexander on recommendations Diderot was invited by Swiss F. C. La Harpe, a Republican by conviction. The Grand Duke grew up with a romantic belief in the ideals of the Enlightenment, sympathized with the Poles, who lost their statehood after the partitions of Poland, sympathized with the French Revolution and critical of the political system of the Russian autocracy. Catherine II forced him to read the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and she explained to him its meaning. However, in recent years of the reign of Alexander grandmother found many discrepancies between declared its ideals and everyday political practice. The feelings he had to carefully hide the fact that it contributed to the formation of such features as pretense and deceit. This is reflected in the relationship with his father during a visit to his residence in Gatchina, where reigned the spirit of militarism and rigid discipline. Alexander always had to have at least two masks, one for the grandmother, the other for his father. In 1793 he married Princess Louise of Baden (in Orthodoxy Elizabeth A.), which enjoyed the sympathy of Russian society, but was not loved muzhem.Vosshestvie prestolSchitaetsya on that shortly before his death, Catherine II assumed the throne Alexander bequeath to bypass son. Apparently, the grandson was aware of her plans, but did not take the throne soglasilsya.Posle accession of Paul Alexander situation even more complicated, because he had to constantly prove their loyalty to the emperor suspicious. The attitude to the policy of Alexander's father was of sharply critical. It is these sentiments Alexander contributed to his involvement in a conspiracy against Paul, but on the condition that the conspirators will retain his father's life and will seek only his abdication. The tragic events of March 11, 1801 seriously affected the peace of Alexander Condition: guilt for the death of his father, he had to end his dney.Nachalo reformAleksandr I ascended to the throne, intending to carry out a radical reform of the political system in Russia by creating a constitution which guarantees all the subjects personal freedom and civil law. He was aware that such a "revolution from above" will lead to the elimination of virtually autocracy and was ready in case of success away from power. But he also knew that he needed a particular social support in associates. He had to get rid of the pressure from both the conspirators who overthrew Paul and supported them, "Catherine the elderly." Already in the first days after the accession of Alexander announced that Russia will manage "the laws and the heart" of Catherine II. April 5, 1801 was created Indispensable advice - zakonosoveschatelnogo body under the emperor, won the right to challenge the actions and decrees of the king. In May of the same year, Alexander introduced the Board draft decree banning the sale of the peasants without land, but members of the Council made it clear to the Emperor that the adoption of such a decree would cause unrest among the nobility and lead to a new coup. After that Alexander has concentrated on the development of reforms in the circle of his "young friends" (VP Kochubey, A. Czartoryski, Stroganov, N. Novosiltsev). By the time of the coronation of Alexander (September 1801) An indispensable advice prepared a draft "Most Gracious ratification, the Russian people zhaluemoy" containing guarantees basic civil rights subjects (freedom of speech, press, conscience, personal safety, the guarantee of private property, and so on. D.), The project manifesto on the peasant question (prohibition of the sale of the peasants without land, establish procedures for redemption of peasants from the landlord) and the draft reorganization of the Senate. During the discussion of projects were exposed sharp differences among members Indispensable advice, and as a result, none of the three documents has not been made public. It was only announced the termination of the distribution of state peasants in private hands. Further consideration of the peasant question led to the February 20, 1803 decree on "free farmers", to allow landlords to let peasants at will and attach them to the ownership of the land, for the first time to create categories of personally free krestyan.Parallelno Alexander undertake administrative reforms and reform obrazovaniya.Vtoroy stage improvements are the same years Alexander himself has tasted power and began to find advantages of autocratic rule. Disappointment in the immediate environment caused him to seek support in the people he personally committed and non-stately aristocracy. He brings to his first AA Arakcheev and later MB Barclay de Tolly, who became Minister of War in 1810, and MMSperanskii whom Alexander commissioned the development of a new project of state reform. Project Speranskii assumed actual transformation of Russia into a constitutional monarchy where the power of the sovereign would be limited to a bicameral legislative body of the parliamentary type. Implementation of the plan began in 1809 Speranskii, when it was abolished the practice of equating ranks to civil court and was introduced educational qualification for civil servants. January 1, 1810 was established by the State Council, which replaced the Indispensable. It was assumed that initially broad powers of the State Council will then be narrowed after the establishment of the State Duma. During 1810-11 the State Council discussed the proposed Speransky plans financial, ministerial and Senate reform. Implementation of the first of them led to a reduction of the budget deficit, the summer 1811 was completed conversion ministries. Meanwhile, Alexander himself had strong pressure court environment, including members of his family, seeks to prevent radical reforms. Some influence on him, apparently, and had a "Notes on Ancient and Modern Russia" NM Karamzin, who gave obviously Emperor reason to doubt the correctness of his chosen path. Equally important was the factor and the international position of Russia: growing tensions in relations with France and the need to prepare for war opposition was allowed to interpret the reform efforts Speranskii as anti-state, and most Speranskii announce Napoleonic spy. All this has led to the fact that inclined to compromise Alexander, though not believed in guilt Speransky, in March 1812 sent him to otstavku.Vneshnyaya policy. Once in power, Alexander attempted to conduct its foreign policy, as it were with a "clean slate." The new Russian government has sought to create a European collective security system, linking all the major powers between a number of treaties. However, in 1803 France was the world with unprofitable for Russia, in May 1804, the Russian side has recalled its ambassador from France and began to prepare for the new voyne.Aleksandr considered a symbol of Napoleon's violation of the laws of world order. But the Russian emperor overestimated his chances, which led to disaster at Austerlitz in November 1805, with the presence of the emperor in the army, his clumsy orders had the most disastrous consequences. Signed in June 1806 peace treaty with France, Alexander refused to ratify, and only defeat at Friedland in May 1807 forced the Russian emperor to come to terms. When his first interview with Napoleon at Tilsit in June 1807, Alexander was able to prove himself an outstanding diplomat and, according to some historians, actually "beat" Napoleon. Between Russia and France signed a union and an agreement on the division of spheres of influence. As subsequent events showed, Tilzit agreement was more beneficial it is Russia, allowing Russia to save power. Napoleon sincerely considered Russia as the only possible ally in Europe. In 1808, the parties discussed plans for a joint campaign against India and the partition of the Ottoman Empire. At a meeting with Alexander in Erfurt (September 1808) Napoleon recognized Russia's right to captured during the Russian-Swedish War (1808-09), Finland, and Russia - the right of France to Spain. However, at this time relations between the allies began to deteriorate due to the imperial interests of both parties. Thus, Russia is not satisfied with the existence of the Duchy of Warsaw, the continental blockade harmed the Russian economy, and in the Balkans in each of the two countries had their own far-reaching plans. In 1810, Alexander refused to Napoleon, ask for the hand of his sister Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna (later Queen of the Netherlands), and signed a neutral position on trade, effectively negates the continental blockade. There is speculation that Alexander was going to cause Napoleon pre-emptive strike, but after France concluded a treaty of alliance with Austria and Prussia, Russia began to prepare for war defensive. June 12, 1812, French troops crossed the Russian border. The Patriotic War of 1812 War of 1812 goda.Otechestvennaya invasion of Napoleon's armies in Russia (which he learned while in Vilna) was taken by Alexander not only as the greatest threat to Russia, but also as a personal insult, and Napoleon himself now became for him a deadly personal enemy . Not wanting to repeat the experience of Austerlitz and subject to the pressure of his surroundings, Alexander left the army and returned to St. Petersburg. For as long as Barclay de Tolly carried retrograde maneuver that caused the fire on him sharp criticism of both society and the army, Alexander almost did not show their solidarity with the captain. After being left Smolensk, the Emperor yielded general requirements and appointed to the post MI Kutuzov. With the expulsion of Napoleon's troops from Russia, Alexander returned to the army and was in it during foreign trips 1813-14.Svyaschenny Union victory over Napoleon strengthened the authority of Alexander, he became one of the most powerful rulers of Europe, you feel the liberator of her people, those with a special, determined will of God mission to prevent future wars on the continent and ruin. The tranquility of Europe, he is also considered a prerequisite for the implementation of their reform plans in Russia. To ensure these conditions, it was necessary to maintain the status quo, certain decisions the Congress of Vienna (1815), which moved to the Russian territory of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, and restored the monarchy in France, and Alexander insisted on the establishment in this country constitutional monarchy system, which should would serve as a precedent for the establishment of such regimes in other countries. Russian Emperor, in particular, was able to enlist the support of allies, his ideas on the introduction of the constitution in Poland. As guardian of the Congress of Vienna Emperor initiated the establishment of the Holy Alliance (September 14, 1815) - a prototype of international organizations 20. Alexander was convinced that victory over Napoleon, he is obliged to God's providence, his religiosity is constantly increasing. A strong influence on him had Baroness Yu Kryudener and Archimandrite Photius. According to some reports, his faith has become ecumenical character, and he gradually became a mystic. Alexander was directly involved in the activities of the Congress of the Holy Alliance in Aachen (September-November 1818), Troppau and Laibach (October-December 1820 - January 1821), Verona (October-December 1822). However, the strengthening of Russian influence in Europe caused the opposition allies. In 1825 the Holy Alliance essentially raspalsya.Poslevoennye reforms strengthened as a result of his victory over the French authority, Alexander and the internal politics of the postwar period made another series of reform attempts. Even in 1809 was created Grand Duchy of Finland, which became essentially autonomous with its own Diet, without whose consent the king could not change the law and impose new taxes, and the Senate (government). In May 1815, Alexander announced to grant a constitution Kingdom of Poland, provides for the establishment of a bicameral Diet, the system of local self-government and freedom of the press. In 1817-18 a number of people close to the emperor (in Vol. H. AA Arakcheev) engaged at his command development projects phased abolition of serfdom in Russia. In 1818, Alexander instructed NN Novosiltsev draft a constitution for Russia. The "State Charter of the Russian Empire," which provided for a federal structure of the country, was ready by the end of 1820 and approved by the emperor, but its introduction was postponed indefinitely. Their surroundings king complained that has no assistants and can not find the right people at the governor's office. Former ideals increasingly seemed to Alexander only fruitless romantic dreams and illusions, detached from the real political practice. Has had a sobering effect on Alexander the news of the uprising Semenov regiment (1820), perceived them as a threat to the revolutionary explosion in Russia, to prevent which it was necessary to take tough measures. Nevertheless dreams of reforms did not leave the emperor until 1822-23.Usilenie reaktsiiOdnim of the paradoxes of domestic policy Alexandra postwar period was the fact that attempts to upgrade the Russian state was accompanied by the establishment of a police regime, later known as "Arakcheyev." Its symbol became military settlements in which Alexander himself, however, saw one of the ways the liberation of peasants from personal dependence, but which caused hatred among the widest circles of society. In 1817, instead of the Ministry of Education established the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education, headed by the chief procurator of the Holy Synod and the head of the Bible Society AN Golitsyn. Under his leadership, was actually carried out the defeat of Russian universities, reigned heavily censored. In 1822 Alexander banned in Russia Masonic lodges and other secret societies and the Senate approved a proposal that allowed landlords for "evil deeds" invoke their peasants to Siberia. However, the emperor was aware of the activities of the first Decembrist organizations, but has not taken any action against their members, considering that they share his delusion molodosti.V last years of his life, Alexander again often told his friends about the intention to abdicate and "withdraw from the world "that after his sudden death from typhoid in Taganrog gave rise to the legend of the" Fedor Kuzmich. "According to this legend, in Taganrog, died and was buried and then not Alexander, and his counterpart, while the king has long lived a hermit-old man in Siberia and died in 1864. But no documentary evidence of this legend is not suschestvuet.Literatura: M. Bogdanovich I. History of the reign of Emperor Alexander I and Russia in his time. St. Petersburg., 1869-71. T. 1-6.Shilder NK Emperor Alexander I. His life and reign. St. Petersburg., 1904-05. T. 1-4.Nikolay Mikhailovich Grand Duke. Emperor Alexander I. SPb., 1912. T. 1-2.Predtechensky AV Essays on the socio-political history of Russia in the first quarter of XIX century. M .; L., M. 1957.Safonov reform issues in the government policy of Russia at the turn of the XVIII and XIX centuries. L. 1988.Mironenko SV Autocracy and Reform: The political struggle in Russia at the beginning of the XIX century. M., 1989.Saharov AN Alexander I // Russian tsars (1801-1917). M., 1993.Troitsky NA Alexander I and Napoleon. M., A. 1994.Vandal Napoleon and Alexander I. Rostov-on-Don, 1995. T. 1-3.Almendingen EM The Emperor Alexander I. London, 1964.McConnell A. Tsar Alexander I: Paternalistic Reformer. New York, 1970.Palmer A. Alexander I: Tsar of War and Peace. London, 1974.Dziewanowski MK Alexander I: Russia's Mysterious Tsar. New York, 1990 .. B. Kamensky, Alexander I GEORGIEVICh (? -1511), King of Kakheti to 1492. He fought with the Iranian-Turkish aggression in 1491-92 sent a friendly embassy in Russia. In the beginning. 16 in. vassal of the Shah of Iran. Alexander I of Yugoslavia (1888-1934), King of Yugoslavia since 1921 (until 1929, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes). In 1929 established the military-monarchical dictatorship. Great-held domestic policy, foreign policy was guided by France. Assassinated in Marseilles (along with French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou) Ustashe. Alexander II (Alexander) (until the election of Anselm of Lucca) (d. 1073), Pope from 1061. He studied under Lanfranc in Beke; Bishop of Lucca (1057). College of Cardinals elected pope in opposition to the Emperor Henry IV appointed Antipope Honorius. In collaboration with Hildebrand (the future Pope Gregory VII) and Peter Damiani initiated the reform movement in the Catholic Church. Alexander II (1818-81), the Russian emperor with 1855. The eldest son of Nicholas I. He carried out the abolition of serfdom, and then held a series of reforms (zemstvo, judicial, military, and so on. N.). After the Polish Uprising of 1863-64 passed to the reaction of domestic policy. From the end. 70s. intensified repression against the revolutionaries. In the reign of Alexander II completed the annexation to Russia in the Caucasus (1864), Kazakhstan (1865), most of the Avg. Asia (1865-81). In order to gain influence in the Balkans and assistance to the national liberation movement of the Slavic peoples of Russia participated in the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-78. On the life of Alexander II were a number of attempts (1866, 1867, 1879, 1880); killed by the People. Alexander II (? -1605), King of Kakheti to 1574. He fought with the Iranian aggression. In 1587 took the oath of allegiance to the Russian Tsar Fedor Ivanovich. Killed by order of the Shah of Iran. ALEXANDER III (? -1181), Pope from 1159. aspires to the supreme power of the papacy over the secular princes. In the fight against Frederick I Barbarossa supported Lombard League. Alexander III (1845-94), the Russian emperor with 1881. The second son of Alexander II. In the 1st floor. 80s. carried out the abolition of the poll tax, lowered the indemnity payments. From the 2nd floor. 80s. held a "counter-reform". Strengthened the role of the police, local and central administration. In the reign of Alexander III basically completed the accession to Russia Wed. Asia (1885), concluded Russian-French alliance (1891-93). Alexander VI (1431-1503), pope from 1492. In 1493, issued a bull on the division of spheres of influence in the Western Hemisphere between Spain and Portugal (see. The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494). Supported the aggressive plans of his son Cesare Borgia. Political enemies are eliminated with the poison and the dagger. In 1497 excommunicated Savonarola, contributed to his death. Alexander VII (Alexander) (Fabio Chigi in the world, Fabio Chigi) (1599-1667), Pope from 1655. For thirteen years he was papal nuncio in Cologne (from 1639), and the Cardinal Secretary of State of the Vatican (1652). Confirmed the decision of Innocent X, condemning Jansenism. When it worsened relations with Louis XIV, who took away the Papal Avignon. Alexander VIII (Alexander) (in the world Pietro Ottoboni, Pietro Ottoboni) (1610-1691), Pope from 1689. The Cardinal (1652) and Bishop of Brescia (1654). Has made improving relations with Louis XIV, returned to Avignon; helped Poland and Venice in their struggle against Turkey. ALEXANDER Adrianople (East) (3 in.), The bishop, the martyr. Memory in the Orthodox and the Catholic Church on 22 October. ALEXANDER (d. 326 or 328), saint, bishop of Alexandria (313). Struggled with Meletios schism and Arianism; at the Council of Alexandria approx. 321 excommunicated Arius and his followers from the Church; one of the principal figures of the 1st Ecumenical Council at Nicaea in 325. Memory in the Orthodox Church on May 29 (June 11), in the Catholic April 18. ALEXANDER African (d. C. 250), the Christian martyr-warrior, who suffered in the persecution of Emperor Decius. Memory in the Orthodox Church 10 (23) of April. Alexander of Aphrodisias, the ancient Greek philosopher of the Peripatetic school (late. 2 - beg. 3 cc.). Commentator of Aristotle influenced the Padua school Pomponazzi P. et al. Alexander of Battenberg, see. A. Alexander Battenberg Vochsky, Galich (d. In the beginning. 16 in.), The monk, founder of the Transfiguration Monastery on the bank of the river. Voci 50 miles from Galich. Memory in the Orthodox church on March 27 (April 9). Alexander the Good (? -1432), The Moldavian ruler from 1400 helped to strengthen the independence of the Moldovan state, successfully fought against the Tatar khans, Polish and Hungarian feudal lords, encouraged trade and contributed to the development of cities. Deacon Alexander (1674-1720), Old Believer leader, monk, abbot of the monastery of St. Lawrence on Kerzhenets; Founder consent dyakonovtsev (novokadilnikov). Executed in Nizhny Novgorod. Alexandria, Egypt (d. 361-363), the Christian martyr-warrior, who suffered in the persecution of the Emperor Julian the Apostate. Memory in the Orthodox Church, 9 (22) of July. Alexandria, Egypt, Caesarea (PNA) (d. 303), the name of each of the two martyrs who suffered in Caesarea in Palestine in the persecution of Diocletian. Memory in the Orthodox Church 15 (28) of March. ALEXANDER (d. 250 or 251), saint, bishop of Jerusalem (212). Pupil of Clement of Alexandria. In the persecution of Emperor Decius imprisoned, where he died. Memory in the Orthodox Church 16 (29) May 12 (25) of December, Catholic, 18 March. ALEXANDER from Antioch on the Meander (beg. 2 in. BC. E.), The ancient Greek sculptor, son Mendida. The only known work of this master - the statue of Venus de Milo, on a pedestal which remained fragmented signature of the author. Alexander of Hales (Alexander Halensis) (c. 1170 or c. 1185-1245), a philosopher, a representative of Augustinian Platonism, a Franciscan. Taught in Paris. In his "Summa Theologica" was used by the legacy of Aristotle. Kazimirovich ALEXANDER (1460-1506), Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1492, King of Poland from 1501. The son of Casimir IV. When it has increased the power of the magnates. In 1505 introduced a set of laws - Radomski constitution. As a result of wars with the Russian State (1492-94, 1500-03) Lithuania lost previously captured Russian lands (Upper Oka Principalities, Chernigov, and others.). ALEXANDER Katalitsky (Kalitsky) (d. In the beginning. 4 in.), The Christian martyr, a blacksmith who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian. Memory in the Orthodox Church on September 28 (October 11). ALEXANDER Comana (d. In the context. 3 in.), The martyr bishop. Assuming the feat of foolishness was collier in Comana; consecrated Bishop Gregory the Wonderworker. In the persecution of Diocletian for confessing Christ burned. Memory in the Orthodox Church 12 (25) August 11 August in the Catholic. Alexander of Constantinople (d. C. 430), saint, founder of monasteries Acoemetae ("incessantly") on the Euphrates, then in Constantinople, which was performed continuously day and night service. Memory in the Orthodox Church on February 23 (March 8) and 3 (16) of July in the Catholic January 15th.
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