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Axons (from the Greek. Axon - axis) (neuro axial cylinder), process the nerve cell (neuron), conducting nerve impulses from the cell body to the innervated organs or others. Nerve cells. Bundles of axons form nerves. Avg. Dendrite. Perspective (from the Greek. Axon - axis ... and meters), the method of image objects in the drawing using parallel projections, which consists in the fact that the subject is depicted on a plane with a spatial coordinate system to which it belongs to, and its projection on one of the coordinate planes. AGSTAFA, city (1941) in Azerbaijan, in the valley of the Kura River. Railway station. 10.2 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Textile factory, wineries. AGSTAFA (Aghstev), a river in Armenia and Azerbaijan, the right tributary of the Kura. 121 km catchment area of 2.5 thousand. Km2. Used for irrigation. Aksu River in Kazakhstan. 316 km catchment area of 5040 km2. Flows into the lake. Balkhash. Used for irrigation. Axum, the ancient State (2-11 cc.), Mostly in present-day Ethiopia, named after the main town of Axum. Ak-Suu (until 1985 the village. Pervomajskij), a city in Kyrgyzstan. Railway station (Belovodskoe). 9.5 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Food, building materials industry. Founded in 1939. "Action Française" (L'Action francaise), monarchist reactionary organization in France, founded in 1899. Its armed groups - "Royal thugs" - participants fascist coup in February 1934. There was until 1944. She has worked with the German fascist occupiers. ACP (from Lat. Actus - action, actum - document), 1) an act, action. 2) An official document. Legal act issued by a public authority, an official within their competence in statutory form (law, decree, judgment, and so on. D.). 3) The finished part of a dramatic work or a theatrical performance. Same effect. ACT (it. Akt), in the fine arts images of nude human figure; the same as nude. ACT and potency (validity and) categories of Aristotle's philosophy, perceived Thomism; act (energy) - active implementation of something, potency ("dunamis") - the power, the ability to such implementation; considered as form and matter. "Pure act", t. E. The reality that contains the full implementation of all the possibilities - "mind" (nous), in scholasticism - god. Aktas, city (1967) in Uzbekistan, Samarkand region. Railway station (Zirabulak). 30 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Cotton ginning, dairy and cheese factories. Aktas, an urban village in the Russian Federation, Altai Mountains, 3.6 thousand. Inhabitants (1989). Extraction of mercury. logging; wood processing. ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone abbreviation. ACT (Achte) Emmy (1850-1924), Finnish singer (soprano), teacher. Soloist of the Opera House in Helsinki, the head of his own opera company (1891-1922). ACT-YALANDER (Ackte-Jalander) Aino (1876-1944), Finnish singer (dramatic soprano). Soloist opera houses of Paris, New York, London. Act-Yalander one of the founders (1911) Opera in Helsinki (since 1914 "Finnish opera"). ASSETS (from Lat. Activus - activity), 1), the most active part of any organization, group. 2) One side of the balance sheet accounting; shows the composition, distribution and use of funds, which are grouped on the basis of their functional role in the economy. Activation analysis (activation analysis), the method of qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis of the substance, based on a study of radiation nuclides formed under the influence of the flow of neutrons, protons, g-rays, etc. Of the activated complex in chemistry - the same as the transition state. Activated carbon is the same as the active charcoal. ACTIVE ZONE in a nuclear reactor, a space in which a result of a chain reaction of nuclear fission of heavy elements (U, Pu) released nuclear energy (mostly in the form of heat). Active design, syntax, in which the subject of the action expressed subject with a transitive verb in the real (active) pledge, and the object of action - direct complement to the same verb, eg. "boy reading a book." Active power, the average value for the period of the AC power; indicates the average conversion rate of electromagnetic energy and others. shapes (thermal, mechanical, and so light. d.). Measured in watts. For a sinusoidal current is equal to the product of the current (effective) values of the current I and voltage U by the cosine of the phase angle between them: P = IUcos. Active medium, a substance in which the distribution of particles (atoms, ions, molecules) over the energy states is not an equilibrium (see. Boltzmann distribution), and at least one pair of energy levels of population inversion exists. An impulse turbine, the turbine, in which the potential energy of the working fluid (gas, vapor, liquid) is converted into kinetic energy at the fixed channels (nozzles), and in the working blades occurs only conversion of kinetic energy into mechanical work. Active suffrage, the right of citizens to participate in the presidential elections and representative bodies (Parliament, municipalities and so on. D.). The Russian Federation is available to all citizens who have reached 18 years of age (except as provided in the constitutional law). See. Also passive suffrage. Active resistance value that characterizes the resistance of the circuit (or part thereof) to the electric current due to an irreversible transformation of electrical energy in others. Forms (mainly in the heat). Measured in ohms. Active sources (nuclear physics), the number of decays of radioactive nuclei per unit time. Activity units - becquerel (Bq 1 = 1 decay / s) and Ci (1 Ci = 3,7.10-10 Bq). Active thermodynamic, size, allowing to represent in a convenient form for the practical use of the concentration dependence of the chemical potentials of the components of the real solution. Using this value can be applied to the real solution of thermodynamic relations relating to the ideal solution, if we replace the activity concentration. Thermodynamic activity relationship component concentration referred to the activity coefficient. Reactive dyes, organic dyes, which form a strong chemical bond with the fiber. By chemical classification - and preferably monoazo metal complexes, anthraquinone and phthalocyanine dyes. Used for dyeing cellulose fibers, wool, silk, at least - polyamide fibers. Stains are resistant to washing, rubbing, dry cleaning. Active accounts, basic accounting accounts reflecting the state and the movement of certain types of assets (fixed and current) economy. Activated charcoal (activated carbon), the porous body obtained from charcoal or fossil removing tar substances and charring polymers. Used as adsorbent in gas masks, vacuum technology, medicine and as a carrier of catalysts. Active site, in space - part of the flight of a missile or spacecraft with the engine running. The active portion of the rocket is managed (spacecraft). Active centers in enzymology - a site in the enzyme molecule that interacts directly with the substrate. The structure of the active center includes amino functional groups (histidine, cysteine, serine, etc.) And in many cases coenzymes and metal atoms. In Immunology - portion of an antibody molecule that binds antigen. Actin protein fibrillar form which forms a major myosin contractile elements of muscles - actomyosin. Actinide family Actinidiaceae genus of vines, fruit crops. Approx. 40 species in Asia. Grown mainly Actinidia kolomikta (Amur gooseberry). Of edible fruit (lots of vitamin C) - jam, "raisins". Actinidia sharp-toothed - an ornamental plant. Actinides, the same as actinides. Actin (sea anemones), a detachment of marine coelenterates Class coral polyps. Approx. 1500 species. The dimensions of a few millimeters to 1.5 m. Single polyps devoid skeleton; tentacles with stinging cells. Mainly in tropical and subtropical seas. Some anemones - symbionts hermit crabs. Actin (lat. Actinium), Ac, a chemical element of group III of the periodic system, atomic number 89, atomic weight 227.0278. Radioactive, most stable isotope 227Ac (half-life of 21.8 years). Name from the Greek aktis - beam. Silver-white metal, melting point approx. 1050 ° C. Occurs naturally in uranium and thorium ores. The mixture 227Ac and 9Be - neutron source. Actinic in pictures - the ability of radiation to provide photographic effect on the light-sensitive material. Actin ... (from the Greek. Aktis, b. P. Aktinos - beam), a part of compound words corresponding to the word "radiant", "radiation" (eg., Actinomorphic), the phrase "radiant energy" (eg., actinometry). AKTINOBATSILLEZ, chronic disease of animals, rarely a man called actinomycetes. Symptoms: abscesses in the soft tissues of the head, neck and lymph nodes. Actinides (actinides), a family of 14 chemical radioactive elements (metals), atomic numbers 90-103. Belong to Group III of the periodic system, which follow actinium. Similar in structure to the electron shells of atoms and chemical properties. All actinides are radioactive isotopes; most of them are artificially produced in nuclear reactions. Actinides located after uranium belong to transuranic elements. Actinometers (from actinium ... and ...) meter, a device for measuring the intensity of direct solar radiation (radiation) on the degree of heat radiation absorbing blackened surface. Actinometers, meteorology section, which examines the transfer and conversion of solar, atmospheric and terrestrial radiation in the Earth's atmosphere. Actinomycosis, a chronic disease of animals less man called actinomycetes. Symptoms: festering tumor - granulomas in all organs and tissues. Actinomycetes, bacteria procedure for forming branching cells, or hyphae. By aktinimitsetam include private actinomycetes, mycobacteria, streptomycetes et al., Only approx. 700 species. Distributed in the soil, waters, air and plant debris; Some - parasites of animals, humans (cause disease - actinomycosis, tuberculosis, diphtheria, etc.) and plants. Types forming antibiotics (mainly streptomycetes), pigments, vitamins, etc.. N., Used in the microbiological industry. Actualism, comparative-historical method in geology, according to which, studying modern geological processes can be seen on similar processes of the past. Applied taking into account progress in the development of the Earth and changing geological conditions. As a scientific principle actualism nominated in the 1st floor. 19 in. English geologist Charles Lyell. Actual dismemberment of sentence, semantic division of the sentence in which the stand-known given (base, topic) that reported on this, a new (kernel, Rem) and (by some scholars) elements of the transition. Expressed by word order, intonation, etc.. Means; opposed to the formal analysis of proposals for the sentence. RELEVANCE (from pozdnelat. Actualis - actually existing, real, modern), the importance, the significance of anything for the present, modernity and topicality. AKTUARIUS in Russia 18. clerks in government offices, recording instruments or their components. Civil status, legal facts (birth, death, marriage or divorce, change of name and surname), which are subject to registration in statutory bodies (at City Hall, registry offices and so on. N.). Aktobe (Aktobe until 1891), a city in Kazakhstan, the center of Aktobe region., At p. Ilek. Railway station. 267 thousand. Inhabitants (1991). Plants: ferroalloys, chromium compounds, agricultural engineering, rentgenoapparatury etc .; ON "Aktyubinskhimplastmass." Light and food industries. 3 university theater. 2 museums. Founded in 1869 Aktobe region, Kazakhstan. 298.7 thousand. Km2. The population of 753 thousand. People (1991), urban 54%. 7 cities, 3 urban settlement (1991). Adm. c. - Aktobe. Aktobe operations, see. Orsk-Aktobe operation. AKTOBE phosphorite pool in Kazakhstan. The area of 25-30 thousand. Km2. Basically 3 major fields (most importantly - Chilisai). One layer of sedimentary nodular phosphorite (power 0.6-1.0 m). The total reserves of 700 million. M. P2O5 content in the ore 11.9%. ACCULINNA Ivanovna, the name of three tons. N. "Virgin" in the sect whips. Akulich Victor A. (b. 1939), the Russian geophysicist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991; corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1990). Major works on the mechanics of heterogeneous media and geophysics wave processes. AKULOV Mamontov (1900-76), the Belarusian physicist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus (1940). Works on the theory of ferromagnetism, magnetic inspection et al. USSR State Prize (1941). SHARKS, superorder elasmobranch fish. Length of 0.2 m (black spiny dogfish) to 20 m (basking shark). 21 family, approx. 250 species. Widely distributed mainly in tropical seas. Approx. 10 species (in Vol. H. Spiny dogfish) in Black, Barents, Baltic and Far Eastern seas. Target species (eat meat, liver fish oil is obtained from the skeleton - glue). Large sharks are dangerous to humans. Akundin Timothy (1617-53), Russian poet. The representative of the Russian baroque, poet t. N. "mandative school." Quartered in Moscow as an impostor. ACUPUNCTURE (from Lat. Acus - needle and punctura - shot) (acupuncture, acupuncture), the reflex method of treatment (see. Reflexology) of many nerve, allergic and others. Pricks diseases (special needles) at certain points of the body. There are approx. 5,000 years, dating back to the Chinese traditional medicine. ACOUSTICS (from the Greek. Akustikos - hearing), in the broadest sense - the branch of physics that investigates elastic waves from the lowest to the highest frequencies (1012 - 1013 Hz); in the narrow sense - the doctrine of sound. General and theoretical acoustics are studying the laws of radiation and propagation of elastic waves in various media, as well as their interaction with the environment. By sections acoustics are electroacoustics, architectural acoustics and building acoustics, atmospheric acoustics, geoacoustics, underwater acoustics, physics and technology of ultrasound, psychological and physiological acoustics, musical acoustics. ACOUSTIC bombs, shells, producing sound waves of very low frequency, which can destroy supporting structures of buildings; in humans causes severe nausea. Has a relaxing effect on the digestive tract, irritating the inner ear and disrupts the coordination of movements, thus depriving him of the ability to stand upright. Acoustic trauma, damage to the organ of hearing, the sound caused by the action of high intensity or duration; leads to hearing loss. Acoustic wind (wind sound), the regular flow of the medium (liquid, gas), the image in the sound field of high intensity. When the sound intensity approx. 100 W / cm2, the acoustic velocity of the wind in the water can be tens of cm / sec. ACOUSTIC range finder, sonar device for determining distances to objects underwater. Step acoustic range finder based on determining the time it takes for an ultrasonic signal emitted by them for the passage of the distance to the object and back. Acoustic impedance, complex impedance, which is the ratio of the complex amplitude of the sound pressure amplitude to the vibrational velocity of the bulk. Introduced when considering fluctuations speaker system (radiators, horns, pipes, etc.. D.). Acoustics Institute. NN Andreev, RAS (AKIN), established in 1953 in Moscow. Theoretical and experimental research in the field of acoustics, ultrasound and others. Sonic logging method of geophysical studies in wells based on the study of the acoustic properties of rocks (propagation velocities and attenuation of elastic waves) intersected by the well. Acousto-optics, acoustics section, which studies the interaction of optical waves with sound waves in solids and liquids, which are based on a variety of devices. Acoustoelectric effect, the appearance of a constant electric field in metals and semiconductors in the propagation of ultrasound in them or hypersonic. Field is directed along the direction of wave propagation. Acoustoelectric effect is associated with passion carriers sound wave. Acoustoelectronics, Section of Science and Technology at the junction of the acoustics of solids, semiconductor physics and electronics. Studying the problem of amplification and generation of elastic waves in the interaction of the latter with the charge carriers during their propagation in semiconductors, conversion and processing of radio signals by acoustic methods, as well as the establishment of appropriate devices. Ryunosuke Akutagawa (1892-1927), a Japanese writer. "Mysteriously", the unpredictability of human consciousness - in short stories, parables (without the influence of aesthetics) "Rashomon" (1915), "In the most" (1922); tragic collision of good in the world of social evil - in psychological novels "Autumn" (1920), "Cold" (1924). Socio-fi allegory "In a country of water" (1927). Loneliness man, his impotence in the face of time, history - in the final story-confession "idiot Life" (1927). Yasushi Akutagawa (1925-89), a Japanese composer. Opera "Dark Mirror" (1960), "Orpheus in Hiroshima" (1967), the ballets "Dreams Lake" (1950), "Paradise Lost" (1951), Triptych for string orchestra and others. AKUTION (acute accent, acousto) Puteolsky (d. c. 305), the Christian martyr who suffered in the persecution of Diocletian. Memory in the Orthodox Church on April 21 (May 4). MIDWIFE (from the French. Accoucher - assist in childbirth), a medical worker with secondary special education, having the right to assist pregnant women and mothers. Obstetrics, the oldest, along with therapy and surgery, the medical profession and area of clinical medicine (and veterinary), studies related to pregnancy and childbirth process in a woman's body and the fetus, the pathology of this period, treatment and preventive measures (veterinary obstetrics - in relation to agricultural animals). Scientific obstetrics develops from 17-18 centuries. due to the success of anatomy, embryology, physiology and clinical medicine. Modern obstetrics and gynecology constitute a single discipline. AKTSELERATSIYA, the same as acceleration. ACCENT (from Lat. Accentus - stress), 1), see. Stress. 2) Features of pronunciation characteristic of the speaker is not in their mother tongue. 3) The sign that marks the accent. 4) The music - Highlight, underline or chord sound through its dynamic amplification or increasing the duration, change of harmony, timbre, melodic direction of motion and so on. Accent VERSE (drummer), the main form of purely tonic versification; verse with approximately regulated amount of stress in a row and an arbitrary number of unstressed syllables between them. In Russian literary poetry widely employed to beg. 20 in. (Vladimir Mayakovsky and others.). Avg. Raeshny verse. Accentology (from Lat. Accentus - stress and ... logy), a branch of linguistics that studies the nature and function of stress. ACCEPTANCE (from Lat. Acceptus - adopted), 1) in the civil law - Entering into an agreement on the terms specified in the offer (the offer). 2) One of the forms of non-cash payments between organizations. Acceptance credit, foreign loans provided by banks in the form of acceptance of bills of exchange (drafts), put up for banks by their customers. Acceptor (from Lat. Acceptor - receiving) in semiconductors, impurity atom, which can "capture" electrons from the valence band from donors, forming holes involved in the electrical conductivity (example acceptor - Ga atom in the crystal Ge). AKTSEPTUATSIYA (from Lat. Acceptare - accept, approve, permit, tolerate), 1) the conclusion of the contract in accordance with the proposals of other storony.2) The obligation to pay billing, bill the agreed srok.3) Consent of the bank guarantee payment specified in the bill or invoice amount. AKTSESSIONNY AGREEMENT (from Lat. Accessio - accession), the treaty of accession of the state to the previously signed agreement between other states. Accessory minerals (from the medieval Latin. Accessorius - extension), minerals that make up the rocks in very small amounts (<1%), but they are a legitimate part; the nature of accessory minerals can be found kinship and origin of rocks. Accidents in Russia 1st floor. 18 in. revenue clerks and clerical officials who did not receive a salary from voluntarily giving petitioners. Banned by the government with the introduction of salary. Accidents (aktsidentny set) printing reproduction of small forms (forms, certificates, labels, letters, etc.), Billboards, posters and other. Accidents (from Lat. Accidentia - case), a philosophical term for a random, transient, insubstantial property. EXCISE (fr. Accise), the form of indirect taxes, mainly on consumer goods and services. Included in the price of goods or service tariffs. An important source of government revenue. SHARES, cape at the exit of the Arta room. in the Ionian m. 31 BC. e. during the civil war in Rome in Action fleet of Octavian defeated the fleet of Antony and Cleopatra. SHARES (Accius) Lucius (170 BC. E. - After 90 BC. E.), Roman playwright and scholar. The name of action associated rise of the Roman stage tragedy. St. 40 tragedies on Greek subjects; "Brutus," "Eneady" - on the theme of Roman history. Shareholders, natural or legal person holding shares of the company. STOCK limited partner in civil and commercial law - kind of partnership that connects the elements of the joint stock company and a limited partnership. Some of the participants (investors) is responsible for the obligations of the joint-stock limited partner with all their property, and some (shareholders) only to the extent of their contribution. Corporation, in civil and commercial law - kind of partnership, the authorized capital is divided into a number of shares equal to the nominal value. Recognized legal entity and is liable for the obligations within the property belonging to him. The liability of each shareholder is limited to the value of its shares. Law of the Russian Federation of December 25, 1990 "On enterprises and entrepreneurial activities", defining the company as an association of citizens and (or) legal entities for joint economic activity, divides them into closed joint stock company (the authorized capital is formed only by contributions (shares) founders) and open joint stock companies (sale of shares is carried out in the form of public subscription). Share capital, fixed assets of the company, the size of which is determined by its charter. Formed by the issue of shares. ACTION (from Lat. Actio), action, action taken to achieve any goal (eg., A political action, diplomatic action). ACTION (from niderl. Aktie, it. Aktie), security, certificate of registration in the share capital of the company. Gives its holder the right to receive part of the profits in the form of dividends, to participate in managing the affairs of the company and others.

FRIEDRICH WILHELM NIETZSCHE / ФРИДРИХ ВИЛЬГЕЛЬМ НИЦШЕ

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